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高中语法专练:i. can, could

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2020年08月21日

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i. can, could

1. 基本用法

1)表示能力

Could you follow her talk?

她的报告你能听懂吗?

The theatre can seat 2,500 people.

这戏院可坐2500人。

2)表示许可

You can go now.

现在你可以走了?

Could you tell me the way to the station?

你能告诉我去火车站的路吗?

3)表示可能性

Can the news be true?

这个消息可能是真的吗?

We've got a map. We can't lose our way.

我们有地图,我们不可能迷路的。

4)表示推测,can常用于否定句中

He can't be in the room, for the door is locked.

他不可能在房间里,因为门是锁着的。

2. 在实际运用中须注意的问题

1)表示对现在或将来情况的推测时,用can't/couldn't + do或can't/couldn't be + doing,其

肯定式分别为:must do/may (might) do,或must be doing/may (might) be doing。

He can't be working , for the light is out.

他肯定不在工作,因为电灯已经熄了。

2)表示对过去的否定猜测时,结构为:can't/couldn't have done,肯定式分别为:must have done或may/might have done。

It couldn't have rained last night, for the ground is still dry.

昨天夜里肯定没有下雨,因为地面仍然是干的。

3)can和be able to的用法之区别:

a. 当表示一般能力时候can和be able to可以互换使用。

No one can do it. = No one is able to do it.

没有人能做那件事。

b. 当表示过去某个时候“设法或者成功做了某事”时只能用was/were able to而不能用could。

He could swim, so he was able to swim to the bank when the boat sank that day.

他会游泳,因此那天沉船时他能游到河岸。

4)“as +形容词+ as +该形容词+ can be”意为“到……极点”。

He is as happy as happy can be .

他高兴到了极致。

5)can but do = cannot but do表示“只有,只能, 只好,不得不”。

I can but do my best. = I cannot but do my best.

我只好尽力了。

6)can't help/choose but do sth. 不得不做某事;can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事;

can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事。

When she calls me for help, I cannot help but do it.

当他向我求助时,我只能出手相助。

He can't help to carry the box for me.

他不能帮我搬箱子。

He couldn't help crying at the bad news.

听到这个消息他禁不住大哭起来。

7)cannot be/do + too = can never be/do + too无论……都不过分。

You can't be too careful while crossing the street.

you can never be too careful while crossing The street.

过马路时你怎么小心都不过分。

She is beautiful, so you can't admire her too much .

她很漂亮,因此你怎么羡慕她都不过分。

8)can/could do with/without sth.有/没有……就行了/可以凑合了。

She is not particular about food, so she can do with just a little bread and water.

她对食品不特别讲究,因此只要有面包和水就行了。

9)could have done用于肯定句,表示对过去的一种推测“可能已经”或责备“本来可以”;否定句中,常常表示从现在看过去不可能发生的事情。

I could have lent you the money. Why didn't you ask me?

我本来能借给你钱的,你为何不向我借呢?

She could have gone out with some friends.

她有可能和几个朋友出去了。

Tom couldn't have received my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.

汤姆不可能收到我的信件,否则他早就回信了。

专项练习

1. —Can I get you a cup of tea?

— _______.

A. That's very nice of you

B. With pleasure

C. You can, please

D. Thank you for the tea

2. —I don't think Professor Jones meant to be funny this morning, do you?

—No, although I couldn't help _______ at some of his remarks.

A. from laughing

B. to have laughed

C. but laugh

D. to laugh

3. Michael _______ be a policeman, for he's much too short.

A. needn't

B. can't

C. shouldn't

D. may

4. —Will you stay for lunch?

—Sorry. _______. My brother is coming to see me.

A. I mustn't

B. I can't

C. I needn't

D. I won't

5. —I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.

—You can never be _______ careful in the street.

A. much

B. very

C. so

D. too

答案速查 1-5 ACBBD


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