59　程度副词　Track51

59　程度副词　Track51

表示动作发生的大小和程度，绝大多数程度副词是用来修饰形容词、副词或动词的。有些还可以修饰名词。

（1）程度副词的种类

absolutely　almost　completely　enough　entirely　extremely

fairly　far　just　much　nearly　only

rather　really　so　too　very　quite

表示否定：barely　scarcely　hardly

（2）程度副词在句中的位置

程度副词在句子里的使用位置较易掌握：放在它所修饰的词之前。

1）一般直接放在所修饰的对象之前。例如：

修饰形容词：

a. You are absolutely wrong.　你绝对错了。

b. I'm almost ready.　我差不多准备好了。

修饰动词：

c. You can hardly expect her to be kind to you.　你很难指望她对你好。

d. I really like English.

修饰副词：

e. He speaks English quite well.

既然程度副词是放在所修饰的对象前面，在一个句子里，就会因为程度副词位置的不同而导致句义发生变化。例如：

a. Only I saw him at the party last night. (Nobody else saw him.)

昨晚在晚会上，只有我见到他了。

b. I only saw him at the party last night. (I didn't talk to him.)

昨晚在晚会上，我只是看到他了。（并没有跟他讲话）

c. I saw only him at the party last night. (I didn't see any other friends.)　昨晚在晚会上，我只看到他在场。（其他朋友没有来）

d. I saw him only at the party last night. (I didn't see him at other places.)　我昨晚只是在晚会上看到他了。（没有在其他地方看到）

e. I saw him at the party only last night. (I didn't see him until last night.)　我直到昨晚那个晚会上才看见他。

2）enough的特殊用法

enough是个例外，它要放在所修饰的形容词或副词之后。例如：

a. He is not old enough to go to school.　他还没到上学的年龄。

b. He didn't work quickly enough.

3）barely, scarcely, hardly不能与否定词连用。

Because of his hearing loss, he scarcely hears me when I speak.

注意与否定频度副词rarely区别开来。

不说：He hardly attends class.*

应说：He rarely attends class. 他很少去上课。

（3）可修饰名词的程度副词

这样的程度副词主要有：

quite　only　even　particularly　especially　almost　rather

quite some time　相当长的时间

quite an expert　相当了不起的专家

rather a bore　相当令人讨厌的人

rather a shame真可惜

注意：quite要置于a/an之前，rather可用在a/an前面或后面。

quite a nice day 天气不错　不说：a quite nice day*

rather a long way/a rather long way

a. I didn't expect to see him. It was quite a surprise.

我没料到会见到他，真是让人意外。

b. Vegetables, especially spinach （菠菜）, are good for health.

蔬菜，尤其是菠菜，有益于健康。

c. He is almost a child.　他差不多还是个孩子。

d. Only the boy knew how to get to the destination.

e. Even a boy knows the answer.

f. I can speak only English.