65 表示时间、日期的介词 Track57
65 表示时间、日期的介词 Track57
（1）at，in，on
1）at（主要表示时间点）
①用来表示在特定的某一时刻。例如：
at nine a.m. 在上午九点钟 at nine after ten在十点零九分
②用来表示不确定的某一时刻。例如：
at night at dawn at midnight at that time at the moment
at the beginning/end of at Christmas在圣诞节期间
at Easter在复活节期间
注意：on Christmas Day 在圣诞节当天
③用来表示年龄段。例如：
at the age of eight/at eight
He got married at twenty. 他二十岁结婚。
2）in（主要表示时间段）
①一般指在相对较长的一段时间内。例如：
in the morning/afternoon/evening
in spring/summer/autumn/winter
in the past/in the past ten years 在过去/在过去十年中
in the twenty-first century 在二十一世纪
a man in his thirties 一个三十几岁的男子
②in还可表示“在……时间之内/之后”，通常用于将来时态中。例如：
a. He said he would come back in a month.
b. The train is leaving in a minute.
③in+动名词：in doing sth.
这一用法的意思相当于：during the course of doing sth.，即“在做……的过程当中”，例如：
a. In crossing the river, we caught some fish.
b. In working, we can learn a lot.
3）on（主要表示具体的某一天）
①表示具体的日期和星期。例如：
on Monday (Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday)
on my birthday
on their wedding anniversary
The People's Republic of China was founded on October 1st, 1949.
注意：如果不是具体的几月几日，而只是说几月，我们要用介词in, 如：in October。
②表示特定某一天的上午、下午、凌晨或半夜等。例如：
on the night/morning/afternoon of December 31, 1999
on the eve of Christmas/New Year
on a hot midnight in July
on the afternoon of April 1, 1990
on a cold afternoon in January
a. I like going out for a walk on a fine day. 我喜欢在好天气出去散步。
b. On that particular evening, there was a strange excitement in the air.
注意：如上所述，如不是特定的某一天的某一时刻，则用at。
③表示“在第几天”。例如：
on his first day to school
On the tenth day I was in Beijing.
④ on+动名词或名词：on doing sth.
这一用法的意思相当于when somebody does sth.或as soon as somebody does sth.，即“在做……的时候”或“一……就……”，例如：
a. On hearing the bad news, she burst into tears.
一听说这个坏消息，她禁不住哭了起来。
b. On arriving, I came directly to visit you.
我一到达，就直接来看你了。
4）in the beginning/end与at the beginning/end
at the beginning表示“在……的开头”，例如：
At the beginning of a book there is often a table of contents.
一本书的开头，通常有个目录。
at the beginning of the concert
at the beginning of January
in the beginning意思相当于at first或in the early stages，“在最初，起初”，暗含着以后会有所变化。例如：
In the beginning, I wrote to my family regularly; later I just gave up. 一开始，我定期给家里写信，后来就不写了。
同样，at the end表示“在……末尾，在……最后”，例如：
a. But at the end of this process, unfortunately, the students are none the wiser.
遗憾的是，经过这段时间的培训，这些学生并没有聪明多少。
b. At the end of a book there may be an index.
书的结尾可能会有个索引。
at the end of the concert 演奏会的尾声
at the end of January 一月底
in the end则与in the beginning相对应，表示“最终……”，相当于eventually或at last。例如：
a. At first his mother opposed the marriage, but in the end she gave her consent. 一开始他母亲反对这桩婚事，但最后还是同意了。
b. Jim couldn't decide where to go for his holidays. He didn't go anywhere in the end. 吉姆不知道去哪里度假，最后他哪里都没去。
c. He got more and more angry. In the end he just walked out of the room. 他越来越生气，最后径直走出房间。
at the beginning/end通常与of连用。而in the beginning/end一般不能接of短语，我们不能说：in the beginning/end of something*。
5）last/next/this/every前不用at/on/in：
a. I'll see you next Friday. （不说：on next Friday*）
b. Do you work every Sunday? （不说：on every Sunday*）
（2）during，for
上面三个表示时间的介词，主要是表示某一时刻（in可表示一段时间）。而during和for则表示一段时间。他们后面接表示“时间段”的名词。
1）during表示“在……期间内”，强调在某一期间发生了什么事。表示事件发生的过程，不表示在此过程中事件发生的起止时间。for则表示这件事延续时间的长短，指出了事件发生的开始时间。
a. I had lived in the countryside for 8 years before I moved to Beijing. 在搬到北京之前，我在乡下住了八年。
b. I studied in this university for 4 years. During that time most of my time was spent in learning English.
我在大学学习了四年，在这期间，大多数时间我都花在学英语上了。
c. My father was in hospital for six weeks during the summer.
夏天，我父亲在医院住院六个星期。
2）during可接表示事件延续一段时间的名词，如stay，visit，travel等；for一般不能这样用。如：
during my visit to China 在我访问中国期间
during the travel to the south 在去南方途中
during the Middle Ages 在中世纪
during his childhood 在他童年时期
during my holidays 在我的假期
而for一般只接具体的时间量。如：
for six years
for two months
for ever
for two hours
（3）from, since, for
1）from
from通常要和介词to或till/until连用。如：
Most people work from nine to five. 多数人过着朝九晚五的生活。
2）since
since+时间点，表示“从那一时刻起”，事件开始发生，它通常要与现在完成时或过去完成时连用。
a. He has been here since last Sunday.
自从上星期日起，他就一直在这儿。
b. I haven't seen him since two years ago. 我两年没见他了。
c. I haven't seen him for two years.
d. It's two years since I last saw him.
3）for
for+时间段，表示动作延续到说话的那一时刻。通常也要与现在完成时或过去完成时连用。如上面例句所示，“for+一段时间”可与“since+动作开始的时刻”替换。
a. I have lived here for a year.
b. I have lived here since this time last year.
（4）before, after, till/until
这几个词即可作介词接短语，又可用作连词接从句。它们后面所接的时间一般是“时间点”，以表示“在某一时刻之前（before）”、“在某一时刻之后（after）”、“一直到某一时刻为止（till/until）”。例如：
a. We finished the work before 10 o'clock.
b. I'll wait for you till 10 o'clock.
需要注意的是till/until的如下用法特点：
1）延续性句子谓语（用肯定）+till/until+时间点（若是从句，则从句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词）
2）短暂性句子谓语（用否定）+till/until+时间点（若是从句，则从句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词）
c. He didn't finish the work until 10 o'clock. （finish短暂性动词，用否定）
d. He didn't leave the office till 12 o'clock.
e. He will stay here until next Sunday. （stay延续性动词，用肯定）
（5）by
1）by的意思是no later than，表示“不迟于某个时间”、“到了某个时间”。例如：
by the end of next year 到明年年底为止
2）by引导的时间状语常与将来完成时态或过去完成时态连用。例如：
a. By the end of next year I'll have learned 2,000 words. （将来完成时）
b. By the end of last year I had learned 2,000 words. （过去完成时）
