16 先行词指人，用关系代词who/whom Track 016
16 先行词指人，用关系代词who/whom Track 016
（1）先行词指人时用who/whom
先看一个简单句：
The woman is a famous dancer and she lives next door.
这位女士是一名著名的舞蹈演员，她就住在我家隔壁。
上述简单句中有一个重复元素：she就指代the woman，这是两句之间的交叉点，而通过这个交叉点就可以建立起两句之间的关系，所以定语从句也称为关系从句 (relative clause)。我们现在要用she lives next door来作定语修饰the woman，告诉对方哪个woman是舞蹈演员。而在定语从句中，指代人的关系词用who。前面说过关系词既有代词的作用又起着连词的作用，因此，上句可改写成：
The woman is a famous dancer who（=and she） lives next door.
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词后边。因此，上句又可进一步写成：
The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer.
到此，一个标准的定语从句制造完毕！关系词who既指代先行词the woman，同时又在从句中作主语。
例句
a. Friendship is a very difficult thing. It is hard to handle. It creates many different problems. In fact I would say that friendship is as hard to handle as love is, or even marriage. Of course I am not talking about easy-comeeasy-go friendship. I’m talking about friends who care deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living. I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
b. Anger is a thief who steals away the nice moments.
愤怒是一个偷走美好时光的窃贼。
c. He who is not handsome at twenty, nor strong at thirty, nor rich at forty,nor wise at fifty, will never be handsome, strong, rich, or wise.
一个人若20岁不俊美、30岁不健壮、40岁不富有、50岁不睿智，那么他将永远也不会拥有这些。
d. There is this difference between happiness and wisdom: the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so; but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool.
幸福与智慧区别于此：认为自己最幸福的人，那他真的就是最幸福的；而认为自己最智慧的人，却往往是最大的傻瓜。
e. The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page.
世界犹如一本书，而那些从不出门旅行的人仅仅读了这本书的一页。
（2）who和whom的区别
1）who在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，但who之前不可用介词（如不能说with who，只能说with whom）。
a. I like the people who I work with.（who作介词with的宾语。）
我很喜欢同我一起工作的那些人。
b. I like the people with whom I work.
c. I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
我说的是那些几乎可以分享一切的朋友。
d. I’m talking about friends with whom you can share almost everything.e. I think you should stay faithful to the person who you’re married to.
我认为你应该对你的配偶忠诚。
f.I think you should stay faithful to the person to whom you’re married.
2）whom在定语从句中不能作主语，但可作宾语或表语。
a. A rich person is not one who has the most, but is one who needs the least.（不用…one whom has…）
一个人富有，并不是因为他拥有最多，而是因为他需要最少。
b. Only the people have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.
只有有耐心圆满完成简单工作的人，才能够轻而易举地完成困难的工作。
A.whom
B.who
正确答案：B。
先看一个简单句：
The woman is a famous dancer and she lives next door.
这位女士是一名著名的舞蹈演员，她就住在我家隔壁。
上述简单句中有一个重复元素：she就指代the woman，这是两句之间的交叉点，而通过这个交叉点就可以建立起两句之间的关系，所以定语从句也称为关系从句 (relative clause)。我们现在要用she lives next door来作定语修饰the woman，告诉对方哪个woman是舞蹈演员。而在定语从句中，指代人的关系词用who。前面说过关系词既有代词的作用又起着连词的作用，因此，上句可改写成：
The woman is a famous dancer who（=and she） lives next door.
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词后边。因此，上句又可进一步写成：
The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer.
到此，一个标准的定语从句制造完毕！关系词who既指代先行词the woman，同时又在从句中作主语。
例句
a. Friendship is a very difficult thing. It is hard to handle. It creates many different problems. In fact I would say that friendship is as hard to handle as love is, or even marriage. Of course I am not talking about easy-comeeasy-go friendship. I’m talking about friends who care deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living. I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
b. Anger is a thief who steals away the nice moments.
愤怒是一个偷走美好时光的窃贼。
c. He who is not handsome at twenty, nor strong at thirty, nor rich at forty,nor wise at fifty, will never be handsome, strong, rich, or wise.
一个人若20岁不俊美、30岁不健壮、40岁不富有、50岁不睿智，那么他将永远也不会拥有这些。
d. There is this difference between happiness and wisdom: the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so; but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool.
幸福与智慧区别于此：认为自己最幸福的人，那他真的就是最幸福的；而认为自己最智慧的人，却往往是最大的傻瓜。
e. The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page.
世界犹如一本书，而那些从不出门旅行的人仅仅读了这本书的一页。
（2）who和whom的区别
1）who在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，但who之前不可用介词（如不能说with who，只能说with whom）。
a. I like the people who I work with.（who作介词with的宾语。）
我很喜欢同我一起工作的那些人。
b. I like the people with whom I work.
c. I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
我说的是那些几乎可以分享一切的朋友。
d. I’m talking about friends with whom you can share almost everything.e. I think you should stay faithful to the person who you’re married to.
我认为你应该对你的配偶忠诚。
f.I think you should stay faithful to the person to whom you’re married.
2）whom在定语从句中不能作主语，但可作宾语或表语。
a. A rich person is not one who has the most, but is one who needs the least.（不用…one whom has…）
一个人富有，并不是因为他拥有最多，而是因为他需要最少。
b. Only the people have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.
只有有耐心圆满完成简单工作的人，才能够轻而易举地完成困难的工作。
A.whom
B.who
正确答案：B。
