26　原因状语从句　Track25

 

（1）原因状语从句常见连词
我们常用的连词有because，for，as，since。具体区别在《英语语法新思维　基础版2》一书中已有详解，在此不再赘述。

 

 
（2）用介词表示因果关系
常用的介词有because of, due to（不用在句首），owing to（常用于句首）。
因为是介词，所以后边只能接名词来表示原因，而不接从句。请比较：
a.We had an accident because he was careless.
由于他粗心大意，我们出了车祸。
b.We had an accident due to his carelessness .（不能说...due to he was careless.*）
c. Owing to his carelessness we had an accident.
（3） because的否定转移
在主句是否定的情况下，because引导的从句的翻译可分为1）和2）两种情形：
1）两种理解方式：
a.I didn't attend the meeting because he was present , too.
翻译1：因为他也出席，所以我没有去参加这个会议。
作这种理解时，原句主句和从句之间应该有一逗号：
I didn't attend the meeting, because he was present , too.
否则可以有下列理解方式：
翻译2：我出席这次会议并不是因为有他参加。
原句相当于：I attended the meeting, not because he was present, too.
这种形式上是否定主句，但在意思上是否定原因从句的情形我们称之为 否定转移。 同样的句子还有：
b.I did not marry her because I loved her.
翻译1：因为我爱她，所以我决定不跟她结婚。（不结婚是为了她的幸福）
翻译2：我并不是因为爱她才和她结婚。（而是因为她有钱或其他原因）= I married her, not because I loved her but for some other reasons.
2）只能作为否定转移来理解：
a.I don't study English just because I like to.
只能翻译为：我学英文并不只是因为我喜欢英文。（有其他原因，比如工作需要）
b.Certainly I don't teach because teaching is easy for me . Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.
我选择教书，并不是因为教书对我来说很容易。相反，在我尝试过的众多谋生方式当中，教书对我来说其实是最难的。我选择教书，不是因为我知道答案，也并不是因为我自认为自己学识渊博因而想要急切去炫耀。
我们来看一道托福听力题：
c.He doesn't exercise because he likes to.
A. He likes to exercise by himself.
B. He exercises for reasons other than enjoyment.
C. He's glad he doesn't have to exercise.
D. He doesn't have enough time to exercise.
正确答案：B。
分析：doesn't否定的不是exercise，而是because引导的原因状语从句中的likes，此时likes应该重读。所以选B。
d.The conference's purpose is to demonstrate that we’re all continuing to focus on the economy as the president promised to do when he came into office and that means not sitting around and patting yourself on the back because of the unemployment and inflation rates being low.
此次会议的目的就是要证明我们正一直致力于发展经济，这正如我们总统上台执政时所承诺的。我们政府并没有因为较低的失业率和通货膨胀率就无所事事，沾沾自喜。
3）其他类似的否定转移
这种否定转移不局限于because引导的原因状语从句。一般来说，句中什么词重读就否定什么词。
a.He won't go to just any school.
A. He's the only one who won't go with us.
B. He just won't go to school.
C. He'11 probably study in several locations.
D. He's particular about where he goes to school.
正确答案：D。
分析：此句中any重读，即表明“他”并不是随随便便上一个学校就算了，而是对上什么学校是很在乎的（particular），所以选D。
b.I didn't write that memo to the department chair to amuse myself.
A. I wrote a funny letter to department chair.
B. I don't think the department will write me a letter.
C. The department chair was amused by my letter.
D. I wrote to the department chair about a serious matter.
正确答案：D。
c.I didn't spend three hours repairing your vacuum so it could sit in the closet.
我花了三小时把你的吸尘器修理好并不是为了把它放在储藏室不用。
（4）其他复合连词表示原因
1） seeing (that)，now (that)，considering (that)，given (that)与since相近，它们都有“鉴于某个事实，考虑到……”的意思。
a. Seeing that it's raining hard, we'll have to stay here for the night.
b.They did the job very well, considering that they had no experience.
c. Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job.
d. Now that the semester is finished, I'm going to rest a few days and then take a trip.
e. Now that you are sixteen, you can get a driver's license.
2） in that的基本意思是“原因就在于……”，其引导的从句要放在主句后边，而且主句通常是在做比较。
a.The girl is like her mother in that she also has very delicate feeling.　这个女孩很像她妈妈，原因在于她的感情也很细腻。
b.Britain's press is unusual in that it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.
英国报业与众不同，原因就在于它的报纸分为内容严肃的大报和通俗报纸两种截然不同的类型。
c.Mercury differs from other industrial metals in that it is a liquid.　水银不同于其他种类的工业金属，原因就在于它是液体的。
d.Liquids are like solids_________they have a definite volume.
A. in that
B. for that
C. with that
D. at that
正确答案：A。
e.Lhasa is unique_________it is the highest city in China.
A. on that
B. so that
C. for that
D. in that
正确答案：D。
3） not that...but that意思是“不是因为……而是因为……”。
I haven't finished writing the report yet, not that I'm lazy, but that I have no time.
4）此外inasmuch as，insomuch as，in as much as，in so much as也可表原因，但显得比较文绉绉，不太常用，通常只用于很正式的书面语或演讲中。
Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.