64 名词从句的简化 Track62
64 名词从句的简化 Track62
逻辑思路：英文中只有动名词和不定式具有名词特征，可以当成名词来使用。所以属于名词类的名词从句自然可以简化成两种形式：一是简化为动名词，二是简化为不定式。
（1）名词从句与动名词
由that引导的名词从句一般换成动名词来表达，通常采用动名词复合结构的形式。
1） that引导的主语从句简化：
直接用动名词复合结构来替换主语从句，放在句首作主语。
a.It surprised us that John won the marathon .
b. That John won the marathon surprised us.
c. John's winning the marathon surprised us.
d. That he lost the game came as a surprise to everybody.
e. His losing the game came as a surprise to everybody.
2） that引导的同位语从句简化：
简化同位语从句时，先要在同位语从句所修饰的名词后边加上介词，通常是用of来表示同位关系，然后把从句换成动名词复合结构。
a.There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive . 戴维不可能从战场上生还。
b.There was no chance of Davy coming from the battle alive .
c.Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion that economic recovery would be just around the corner was untrue.
任何人只要稍稍看一眼目前失业率的数据就能知道，有关经济复苏即将到来的断言是不符合事实的。
d.Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery being just around the corner was untrue.
e.We were greatly encouraged by the news that China had launched another man-made satellite .
f.We were greatly encouraged by the news of China having launched another man-made satellite.
3） that引导的宾语从句简化：
宾语从句的简化较复杂，可转换成不定式或动名词，这与主句谓语动词的用法密切相关。
a.I hope that I can drive to work in my own car .
我希望能够开着自己的车去上班。
b.I hope to drive to work in my own car .（hope后要接不定式）
c.I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future .
d.I consider emigrating to America in the future. （consider后要接动名词）
有的动词后边还需接介词。
e.Jane's mother insisted that she should go swimming with her brother.
f.Jane's mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.
综上所述，宾语从句要简化成动名词还是不定式形式，完全取决于主句谓语动词。因此，我们要熟练掌握动词的用法。在前文“48动名词作宾语”已分别列出过接动名词或不定式作宾语的常用易错动词。
（2）名词从句与不定式
能简化成不定式的名词从句一般有两个共同的特征：
1）名词从句谓语往往含有情态意义，多见的是should, can和could。
2）通常是连接代词、连接副词以及whether引导的名词从句。
a.I don't know what I should do.
b.I don't know what to do.
c.Please tell me how I can get to the bus station.
d.Please tell me how to get to the bus station.
e.She can't decide whether she should go with him or stay home.
f.She can't decide whether to go with him or (to) stay home.
g.I haven't decided whether I should vote for Clint.
h.I haven't decided whether to vote for Clint.
（1）名词从句与动名词
由that引导的名词从句一般换成动名词来表达，通常采用动名词复合结构的形式。
1） that引导的主语从句简化：
直接用动名词复合结构来替换主语从句，放在句首作主语。
a.It surprised us that John won the marathon .
b. That John won the marathon surprised us.
c. John's winning the marathon surprised us.
d. That he lost the game came as a surprise to everybody.
e. His losing the game came as a surprise to everybody.
2） that引导的同位语从句简化：
简化同位语从句时，先要在同位语从句所修饰的名词后边加上介词，通常是用of来表示同位关系，然后把从句换成动名词复合结构。
a.There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive . 戴维不可能从战场上生还。
b.There was no chance of Davy coming from the battle alive .
c.Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion that economic recovery would be just around the corner was untrue.
任何人只要稍稍看一眼目前失业率的数据就能知道，有关经济复苏即将到来的断言是不符合事实的。
d.Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery being just around the corner was untrue.
e.We were greatly encouraged by the news that China had launched another man-made satellite .
f.We were greatly encouraged by the news of China having launched another man-made satellite.
3） that引导的宾语从句简化：
宾语从句的简化较复杂，可转换成不定式或动名词，这与主句谓语动词的用法密切相关。
a.I hope that I can drive to work in my own car .
我希望能够开着自己的车去上班。
b.I hope to drive to work in my own car .（hope后要接不定式）
c.I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future .
d.I consider emigrating to America in the future. （consider后要接动名词）
有的动词后边还需接介词。
e.Jane's mother insisted that she should go swimming with her brother.
f.Jane's mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.
综上所述，宾语从句要简化成动名词还是不定式形式，完全取决于主句谓语动词。因此，我们要熟练掌握动词的用法。在前文“48动名词作宾语”已分别列出过接动名词或不定式作宾语的常用易错动词。
（2）名词从句与不定式
能简化成不定式的名词从句一般有两个共同的特征：
1）名词从句谓语往往含有情态意义，多见的是should, can和could。
2）通常是连接代词、连接副词以及whether引导的名词从句。
a.I don't know what I should do.
b.I don't know what to do.
c.Please tell me how I can get to the bus station.
d.Please tell me how to get to the bus station.
e.She can't decide whether she should go with him or stay home.
f.She can't decide whether to go with him or (to) stay home.
g.I haven't decided whether I should vote for Clint.
h.I haven't decided whether to vote for Clint.
