70 部分倒装 Track68
70 部分倒装 Track68
倒装在英文中是一种较为常见的语法现象。从结构上来讲，倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
全部倒装：将整个谓语部分全部放在主语之前。
部分倒装：只将谓语的一部分（例如助动词或系动词）放在主语之前，其余部分仍然放在主语之后。
a.Now comes your turn.（全部倒装）
b.Could you show me that book?（部分倒装）
（1）句首有否定词或否定短语时，句子要部分倒装。
1）常见的否定词有never，hardly，scarcely，little，seldom，not，not until，rarely，no sooner...than，nowhere等。
a. So scary are those three words, words spoken in passion, spoken in a whisper. At one precise moment they feel so true so right. Some use them casually in their everyday chatter, but I find them sacred. I can speak them only when I'm certain. I will not use them in vain. They've been spoken to me before under the shroud of darkness beneath a warm touch. But never before did they ring true. Never before did they grab my heart and caress it with the magic of a pure soul. Never before have they been sincere enough to have my lips echo their syllables in the most meaningful sentence I could ever speak. Those three words are only for you.
b. Nowhere in the world can you find a man who is more foolish than John.
c. Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much!
d. No sooner had I taken a bath than the bell rang.
e. Not a word did he say at the meeting.
f. Never before have I heard such a story.
g. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.
我在外国从来没有听到过演奏得这么好的美国音乐。
h. Not until he came back did I leave.（注意：主句中主谓结构部分倒装）
i. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
j.Nowhere but in Europe_________the results so clearly, which really have surprised us all.
A. we have seen
B. we saw
C. we must have seen
D. have we seen
正确答案：D。
2）常见的否定短语有in no way，in no case，at no time，by no means，in no sense，on no account，under no circumstances等。
这些否定短语常放在句首，表示强调，意为“绝不……”。大家一定要记住它们规定的介词搭配。
a. In no way do I blame you for what happened.
b.On no account_________rudeness from his employees.
A. the manager will tolerate
B. the manager will not tolerate
C. the manager tolerates
D. will the manager tolerate
正确答案：D。
c.A thermometer put in the water tells us the temperature of water, but _________ does it show the amount of heat the water contains.
A. on no time
B. in no way
C. in any way
D. in no account
正确答案：B。
3）如果否定词不是修饰整个句子，而只是限定句子主语，则句子不用倒装。
a.Hardly anyone has seen a man who eats mice/cats.
b.Not only I but also he has been there.
c.To me he is not dead at all. Hardly a day goes by that I don't think of him or speak of him.
d.Scarcely a sound came from among the crowd.
人群里没有发出一点儿声音。
（2） "So + 形容词 / 副词”及“to the extent/degree”放在句首，表示程度，句子要倒装。
a. To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire.
b. So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.
c.To such an extent_________his empty speech that some of us began to doze.
A. did he go on with
B. he would go on with
C. he went on with
D. he did go on with
正确答案：A。
（3）在含有were, had, should的虚拟语气中，若省去if，必须倒装。（详见“Chapter 8虚拟语气”中“67非真实条件虚拟语气句”第（3）点“倒装虚拟语气句”）
（4） as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装。（详见“Chapter 3状语从句”中“31让步状语从句”第（5）点“as的倒装句”）
a. Look as I would up and down, I could see no men at all.
b. Change your mind as you will, you won't gain his support.
（5） "only +状语”置于句首。
1） only +表示时间或方式的短语置于句首。
a. Only then did she realize she was wrong.
b. Only by working hard can you achieve your goal.
c. Only by having an independent ego can women fully control their own lives. 只有心怀独立的自我，女人才能完全主宰自己的生活。
d.Only under special circumstances_________to take make-up tests.
A. are freshmen permitted
B. freshmen are permitted
C. permitted are freshmen
D. are permitted freshmen
正确答案：A。
2） only若加各类状语从句置于句首，需要注意是主句中的主谓语必须倒装，而不是从句中的主谓语倒装，这一点与not until用法相同。
a. Only when he had failed three times did he turn to me for advice.
b. Only when a man's life comes to its end in prosperity dare we pronounce him happy.
只有当一个人的生命在辉煌中结束时，我们才能断言他是幸福的。
c.An intimate relationship does not banish loneliness. Only when we are comfortable with who we are and can function independently in a healthy way, can we truly function within a relationship. Two halves do not make a whole when it comes to a healthy relationship: it takes two wholes.
3）若only修饰的是句子主语，而非状语时，句子不用倒装。
Only she knew how to deal with this problem.
（6）代词so, neither, nor或no more置于句首。
a.I can't speak French, nor can he .
b.He had no money, nor did he know anyone he could borrow from.
c.A: Meal price has gone up.
B: So has tuition.
d.She never laughed,_________lose her temper.
A. or she ever did
B. nor did she ever
C. or did she ever
D. nor she ever did
正确答案：B。
此外，要注意：这种结构也可用来表达对别人讲的情况有同感，此时不用倒装。
e.A: It's a very nice day.天气真好。
B: So it is .可不是嘛！
（7）让步状语从句的倒装句：be it...。（详见“Chapter 3状语从句”中“31让步状语从句”第（7）点“be的倒装句表示让步”）
a.The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
b. Be he ever so tired, he continued to go farther.
全部倒装：将整个谓语部分全部放在主语之前。
部分倒装：只将谓语的一部分（例如助动词或系动词）放在主语之前，其余部分仍然放在主语之后。
a.Now comes your turn.（全部倒装）
b.Could you show me that book?（部分倒装）
（1）句首有否定词或否定短语时，句子要部分倒装。
1）常见的否定词有never，hardly，scarcely，little，seldom，not，not until，rarely，no sooner...than，nowhere等。
a. So scary are those three words, words spoken in passion, spoken in a whisper. At one precise moment they feel so true so right. Some use them casually in their everyday chatter, but I find them sacred. I can speak them only when I'm certain. I will not use them in vain. They've been spoken to me before under the shroud of darkness beneath a warm touch. But never before did they ring true. Never before did they grab my heart and caress it with the magic of a pure soul. Never before have they been sincere enough to have my lips echo their syllables in the most meaningful sentence I could ever speak. Those three words are only for you.
b. Nowhere in the world can you find a man who is more foolish than John.
c. Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much!
d. No sooner had I taken a bath than the bell rang.
e. Not a word did he say at the meeting.
f. Never before have I heard such a story.
g. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.
我在外国从来没有听到过演奏得这么好的美国音乐。
h. Not until he came back did I leave.（注意：主句中主谓结构部分倒装）
i. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
j.Nowhere but in Europe_________the results so clearly, which really have surprised us all.
A. we have seen
B. we saw
C. we must have seen
D. have we seen
正确答案：D。
2）常见的否定短语有in no way，in no case，at no time，by no means，in no sense，on no account，under no circumstances等。
这些否定短语常放在句首，表示强调，意为“绝不……”。大家一定要记住它们规定的介词搭配。
a. In no way do I blame you for what happened.
b.On no account_________rudeness from his employees.
A. the manager will tolerate
B. the manager will not tolerate
C. the manager tolerates
D. will the manager tolerate
正确答案：D。
c.A thermometer put in the water tells us the temperature of water, but _________ does it show the amount of heat the water contains.
A. on no time
B. in no way
C. in any way
D. in no account
正确答案：B。
3）如果否定词不是修饰整个句子，而只是限定句子主语，则句子不用倒装。
a.Hardly anyone has seen a man who eats mice/cats.
b.Not only I but also he has been there.
c.To me he is not dead at all. Hardly a day goes by that I don't think of him or speak of him.
d.Scarcely a sound came from among the crowd.
人群里没有发出一点儿声音。
（2） "So + 形容词 / 副词”及“to the extent/degree”放在句首，表示程度，句子要倒装。
a. To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire.
b. So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.
c.To such an extent_________his empty speech that some of us began to doze.
A. did he go on with
B. he would go on with
C. he went on with
D. he did go on with
正确答案：A。
（3）在含有were, had, should的虚拟语气中，若省去if，必须倒装。（详见“Chapter 8虚拟语气”中“67非真实条件虚拟语气句”第（3）点“倒装虚拟语气句”）
（4） as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装。（详见“Chapter 3状语从句”中“31让步状语从句”第（5）点“as的倒装句”）
a. Look as I would up and down, I could see no men at all.
b. Change your mind as you will, you won't gain his support.
（5） "only +状语”置于句首。
1） only +表示时间或方式的短语置于句首。
a. Only then did she realize she was wrong.
b. Only by working hard can you achieve your goal.
c. Only by having an independent ego can women fully control their own lives. 只有心怀独立的自我，女人才能完全主宰自己的生活。
d.Only under special circumstances_________to take make-up tests.
A. are freshmen permitted
B. freshmen are permitted
C. permitted are freshmen
D. are permitted freshmen
正确答案：A。
2） only若加各类状语从句置于句首，需要注意是主句中的主谓语必须倒装，而不是从句中的主谓语倒装，这一点与not until用法相同。
a. Only when he had failed three times did he turn to me for advice.
b. Only when a man's life comes to its end in prosperity dare we pronounce him happy.
只有当一个人的生命在辉煌中结束时，我们才能断言他是幸福的。
c.An intimate relationship does not banish loneliness. Only when we are comfortable with who we are and can function independently in a healthy way, can we truly function within a relationship. Two halves do not make a whole when it comes to a healthy relationship: it takes two wholes.
3）若only修饰的是句子主语，而非状语时，句子不用倒装。
Only she knew how to deal with this problem.
（6）代词so, neither, nor或no more置于句首。
a.I can't speak French, nor can he .
b.He had no money, nor did he know anyone he could borrow from.
c.A: Meal price has gone up.
B: So has tuition.
d.She never laughed,_________lose her temper.
A. or she ever did
B. nor did she ever
C. or did she ever
D. nor she ever did
正确答案：B。
此外，要注意：这种结构也可用来表达对别人讲的情况有同感，此时不用倒装。
e.A: It's a very nice day.天气真好。
B: So it is .可不是嘛！
（7）让步状语从句的倒装句：be it...。（详见“Chapter 3状语从句”中“31让步状语从句”第（7）点“be的倒装句表示让步”）
a.The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
b. Be he ever so tired, he continued to go farther.
