虚拟语气考点 状语从句中的虚拟语气

考点1 状语从句中的虚拟语气

1. 非真实条件句

（1）虚拟现在时（与现在事实相反），从句谓语形式用动词的过去式（be一般用were，而不用was），主句谓语形式为“should（would, could, might）+动词原形”。

If I knew her number I could ring her up.

要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。（事实是我不知道）

（2）虚拟过去时（与过去事实相反），从句谓语形式用“had+过去分词”，主句谓语形式为“should（would, could, might）+have+过去分词”。

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.

要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。（事实是我们没能早点找到他）

（3）虚拟将来时（与将来事实相反），从句谓语形式用动词的一般过去式，或“were to+动词原形”或“should+动词原形”，主句谓语形式“should（would, could, might）+动词原形”。

If I asked him, I’m sure he’d help us.

如果我恳求他，他肯定会帮助我们。（事实是我不打算恳求他）

注意特殊情况

① 虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种现象称为错综时间虚拟条件句。

If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.

如果你上次见他时和他说过话，你就会知道你现在要做些什么。（过去+现在）

② 若虚拟条件句中含有were或had, should等助动词或情态动词时，连词if可以省略，而将were, had, should提前，构成倒装语序。

Were I in your position（=If I were in your position）I would go.

如果我处在你的处境，我就走了。

Had you arrived five minutes earlier（=If you had arrived five minutes earlier）, you could have seen them off. 如果你早到五分钟，你就可以给他们送行了。

Should he come（=If he should come）, tell him to ring me up.

如果他来的话，叫他打电话给我。

③ 利用语境不直接说出条件的句子称为含蓄虚拟条件句。

A. 用介词引入条件

* but for（若不是，如没有）：注意，凡是出现这个复合介词的句子，必须要用虚拟语气。

We would have had a pleasant journey but for the rain.（=We would have had a pleasant journey if it hadn’t rained.）如果没有下雨，我们的旅程会很愉快。

* without/with（在不具备/具备……的条件下）。

Without his help, I could not have done it well.（=If he hadn’t helped me, I could not have done it well.）要是没有他的帮助，我们不可能做得这么顺利。

With favorable winds, we might have got there in two days.（=If there should be favorable winds, we might have got there in two days.）要是顺风的话，我们可能两天后就抵达那里了。

B. 分词短语充当条件状语（分词短语本身就具有充当条件状语的功能）。

Given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.（=If he had been given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.）要是能有一定的机会，他也许就能展示出更大的才能。

C. 用上下文暗示条件。常用来表示不具备条件的连词，如：but, or或otherwise等。

I would have failed but that you helped me. 要不是你们帮助我，我就会失败。（but表示让步关系，意为“除非，要不是”，常与that一起构成but that，相当于if... not...）

I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have finished it.（If I hadn’t been busy then, I would have finished it.）那时我很忙，否则我早就完成了。

I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.

我可能会给你更多的帮助的，但那时我太忙了。

More water and the young trees couldn’t have died.（=If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died.）如果你给那些小树多浇点水，它们就不会死了。

2. as if / though引导的从句

在as if或as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中，用过去时表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑；用过去完成时表示对过去事实或过去想象中的动作或情况。

The teacher treats the pupil as if/as though he were her own child.

这位老师对待这位学生就像对自己的孩子一样。（对现在的虚拟）

He looks as if/as though he had been hit by lighting.

他看起来像曾经被雷击过似的。（对过去的虚拟）

They talked and talked as if/as though they would never meet again.

他们说啊说，就好像他们再也见不到对方了一样。（对将来的虚拟）