主谓一致考点 语法一致原则

考点1 语法一致原则

所谓“语法一致原则”即谓语动词和主语在单复数形式上保持一致。也就是说，如果主语为复数，谓语动词（在一般现在时中）用动词原形，若谓语中含有be动词，则用其复数are或were，若谓语中含有助动词have，则不应使用其单数形式has，反之，如果主语为单数，谓语动词（在一般现在时中）用第三人称单数形式，或根据时态选用单数形式的be动词am, is或was，助动词选用has。

1. 动名词（短语）、不定式（短语）或者主语从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数

To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

Watching basketball games has become my hobby. 观看篮球比赛成了我的业余爱好。

Whether she will go abroad or not is not decided. 她是否要出国尚未决定。

2. 由and或both... and...连接的并列主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式

Jack and Henry are best friends. 杰克和亨利是最好的朋友。

Both Mary and Linda were satisfied with the new tutor.

玛丽和琳达都对这位新家教老师感到满意。

3. 被as well as, with, along with, like, together with等短语修饰的主语的主谓一致

由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than等引起的结构跟在主语后面，不能看作并列主语，该主语不受这些短语引导的插入语的影响，主语如果是单数，其谓语动词仍然用单数形式，主语为复数，谓语动词使用复数形式。

Mr. White, as well as his wife and children, has gone to London last Friday.

上周五，怀特先生及其夫人和孩子去了伦敦。

The film star, accompanied by his three assistants, was seen to enter the hotel.

有人看见这位电影明星在其三位助理的陪同下进入了这家宾馆。

The parents, together with their son, are about to leave for Shanghai.

这对父母和他们的儿子要前往上海。

4. 主语含义上虽为复数，但谓语仍用单数形式的情况

有些主语被many a, more than one, each, every或no修饰，虽为复数意义，谓语仍用单数；and连接的主语分别被many a, more than one, each, every或no等修饰时，谓语动词也用单数形式（但复数主语与each连用时，应不受each的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式）。

Many a student is going to take part in the English contest.

有许多学生要参加这项英语竞赛。

Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in that country.

在那个国家，每个男孩和女孩都有权利接受教育。

The old workers and the young ones each have their own tools.

老工人和年轻工人每人都有自己的工具。

5. 某些不定代词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式

此类不定代词有：either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。

Everything around us is matter. 我们周围的所有东西都是物质。

Someone has let the news out. 有人把这个消息泄露了出去。