卖假货不打假这口黑锅马云不背，他呼吁把制假售假者关起来

他在致中国两会代表的公开信中，首次直接呼吁政府加大力度根除假货。他将假货猖獗归咎于法律宽松、处罚太轻。

Weibo/Jack Ma

2016年底阿里巴巴“二度”上榜美国贸易代表办公室（United States Trade Representative，简称USTR）发布的“恶名市场”黑名单，由此可知，阿里在打假运动上收效甚微。

马云此次向问题的另一端——中国政府呼吁，政府会否接受其意见尚未可知。可以确定的是，阿里巴巴自身仍须付出更大的诚意来改善假货问题。

The appeal to delegates at this week's National People's Congress marks an escalation by Mr Ma, one of China's richest men, and a reversal from his earlier comments that counterfeits are often better quality than the real thing.

马云在本周召开的全国人大会议上向代表们发出上述呼吁，此举标志着他在打假问题上的立场变得更加积极，态度也与以往截然不同——他曾说假货质量往往比正品更好。马云是中国最富有的人之一。

It also follows a renewed crusade against fakes that followed the return of Alibaba's ecommerce platform Taobao to the US blacklist of “notorious markets” for peddling counterfeit goods.

在此之前，阿里巴巴电商平台淘宝（Taobao）因销售假货再次被美国列入“恶名市场”黑名单，阿里巴巴由此掀起了新一轮的打假运动。

Photo Credit：The official site of USTR

USTR在2016年报告中，就阿里巴巴加强淘宝知识产权保护方面，提出三点改善建议：

（1） simplifying processes for right holders to register and request enforcement action;

简化产权持有人注册和请求执法行动的程序；

（2） making good faith takedown procedures generally available;

让诚信下架机制普遍适用；

（3） reducing Taobao's timelines for takedowns and issuing penalties for counterfeit sellers.

缩短淘宝假货下架时间，对假冒产品商家征收罚款。

Photo Credit：The official site of USTR

In an open letter to delegates of the NPC and The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference posted on China's Twitter-like Weibo platform, Mr Ma called for counterfeits to be tackled in the same way as drink driving.

马云在新浪微博（Weibo）上发表了一封致全国人大和全国政协代表的公开信，他在信中呼吁像治理酒驾那样治理假货。

“If, for example, we imposed a seven-day prison sentence for every fake product sold, the world would look very different both in terms of intellectual property enforcement and food and drug safety, as well as our ability to foster innovation,” he wrote.

他写道：“设想假如销售一件假货拘留七天，制造一件假货入刑，那么我想今天中国的知识产权保护现状、食品药品安全现状，我们国家未来的创新能力一定会发生天翻地覆的变化。”

Highlighting laws that enabled 99 per cent of counterfeit activities to go unchecked and inappropriately small penalties for those fined, he said there was “a lot of bark around stopping counterfeits, but no bite”.

他说，“人人喊打，却无人真打”，强调是法律让99%的制假售假行为不了了之，而且罚款数额也低得不像样子。

马云在打假运动上的努力一直存在争议，主要原因是其努力的结果并不让人满意。他到底是真心整改还是假意作秀，先来看看各方的意见。

Turning the onus on to Beijing is a calculated gamble for Mr Ma.He has been under pressure to clamp down on fakes since the US Office of the Trade Representative blacklisted Taobao, both by overseas regulators and big brands, but his plea may not align with the government's priorities, say observers.

对马云来说，把责任推到中国政府头上是一次经过精心计算的赌博。自美国贸易代表办公室（Office of the US Trade Representative）将淘宝列入黑名单以来，马云一直承受着海外监管机构和大品牌要求其打击假货的压力，但观察家们表示，他所呼吁的事情可能不会成为中国政府的优先事项。

While applauding Alibaba's efforts, some lawyers pointed to an element of lip-service：Alibaba has come out with a string of initiatives since the USTR move, including working with police in Shenzhen and Swarovski to sue two merchants selling fake watches.

一些律师虽然称赞阿里巴巴的打假努力，但指出这些努力有作秀成分：自美国贸易代表办公室将淘宝列入黑名单以来，阿里巴巴采取了一系列举措，包括与深圳警方和施华洛世奇（Swarovski）合作，起诉两个销售冒牌手表的商家。

“What he is saying is valid：China needs to do more,” said Paul Haswell, a partner at Pinsent Masons in Hong Kong, “Alibaba is investing more in anti-counterfeiting, hiring more lawyers and going after people.But it still feels very much like showboating.”

品诚梅森律师事务所（Pinsent Masons）驻香港合伙人保罗·哈斯维尔（Paul Haswell）表示：“他说中国需要采取更多措施，这是合理的。阿里巴巴投入更多资源打击造假，雇佣了更多的律师并追究售假者。但还是让人感觉它在作秀。”

Brands complain that merchants selling knock-offs that are closed down by Alibaba simply reappear under a different name a few hours later, and point to the swath of fake goods available across the platform.

品牌商家抱怨称，被阿里巴巴关掉的售假商家在几个小时后换个名字就会重新出现在平台上，它们指出，整个平台充斥着大量的假货。

阿里巴巴认为其努力收效甚微可归因于薄弱的法律法规。由于两者未能协同并进，努力便不能达到应有的成效。

Alibaba says it is harnessing big data, combining addresses and other information, to detect reincarnated merchants.But these efforts are undermined by laws, said Mr Ma.

阿里巴巴表示，它正利用大数据以及地址和其他信息来监测换了“马甲”的售假商家。但马云表示，由于法律法规滞后，这些努力效果不佳。

Big data enabled Alibaba to pass on 4,495 leads to cases for offline investigations, which resulted in the successful criminal prosecution of 469 cases, he said—a hit rate of roughly 10 per cent.

他说，阿里巴巴利用大数据排查出4495件线索让警方展开线下调查，结果被成功提起刑事诉讼的只有469件，打击率大约为10%左右。

Of the 200 counterfeit cases penalised by the Bureau of Commerce and Industry last year that Alibaba studied, the average fine was Rmb10,000.（$1,450）.“This reality only encourages more people to produce and sell fake goods!” he wrote.

在阿里巴巴研究的去年被工商行政管理局行政处罚的200例制假贩假案件中，平均罚款额不到10万元人民币（合1450美元）。马云写道：“这样的局面只会鼓励更多人前赴后继地参与制假售假！”

He said that manufacturers, rather than internet ecommerce platforms, were the root problem.“Counterfeit goods are being produced in a steady stream every day by illegitimate factories, just like the smog that comes from all directions and fills the streets …Manufacturers will always be the source of the problem; and the law has to be the root of the solution.”

他说，问题的根源是制造工厂而非互联网电商平台。“今天，现实世界里的假货源源不断地从黑工厂中产出，像雾霾一样四面八方袭来，充斥在大街小巷……法律基石永远是根，制造工厂永远是源。”

网络假冒商品是一个世界性的问题，那么其他国家是如何应对的呢？

法国

据财经网报道，法国制定的“禁止售卖假冒商品”的自律性宪章颇有成效。采取的主要手段是“上架前阻止”与“制假者惩罚”。前者从源头遏止，后者在事后打击，阻止问题再生。知识产权人可使用简化的通知和删除程序，对售卖假冒商品的商家，施以暂停销售6个月或注销账户的处罚。

美国

美国式打假是典型的“严刑重典”。新浪财经刊文指出，美国联邦法律规定，初犯者将面临10年以上的监禁，重犯者将面临20年以上监禁和500万美元的罚款，因假货造成死亡后果的个人将会被终生监禁。而对于公司处罚就更加严厉，罚金高达1500万美元。

德国

据新京报报道，为防止假货入关，德国法律规定，如果携带假货入关，通常情况下5件以下的予以没收；5至10件的还要追加罚款；10件以上的会被视为制售假冒产品，将会被送法庭审理，最高可被处以30万欧元的罚款并被判3年监禁。

日本

同样来自新京报，报道指出日本的商标法和防止不正当竞争法禁止贩卖、制造和进口假冒、仿冒产品，禁止以贩卖为目的持有仿冒产品。违者将判处5年以下拘役或者500万日元以下罚金；对违反法律的法人要处以最高达1亿5千万日元的罚金；除刑事处罚外，还可能被追究民事责任。

词汇总结

counterfeit[ˈkaʊntəfɪt]

adj.伪造的；仿造的；假冒的

It also follows a renewed crusade against fakes that followed the return of Alibaba's ecommerce platform Taobao to the US blacklist of “notorious markets” for peddling counterfeit goods.

在此之前，阿里巴巴电商平台淘宝（Taobao）因销售假货再次被美国列入“恶名市场”黑名单，阿里巴巴由此掀起了新一轮的打假运动。

erase[ɪˈreɪz]

v.清除；消除；消灭

Alibaba founder Jack Ma has for the first time called directly on China's government to ramp up efforts to erase counterfeiting, blaming modest penalties and lax laws for the scourge of fakes.

阿里巴巴（Alibaba）创始人马云（Jack Ma）首次直接呼吁中国政府加大力度根除假货，他将假货猖獗归咎于法律宽松、处罚太轻。

escalate[ˈeskəleɪt]

v.（使）逐步扩大,不断恶化,加剧

The appeal to delegates at this week's National People's Congress marks an escalation by Mr Ma, one of China's richest men, and a reversal from his earlier comments that counterfeits are often better quality than the real thing.

马云在本周召开的全国人大会议上向代表们发出上述呼吁，此举标志着他在打假问题上的立场变得更加积极，态度也与以往截然不同——他曾说假货质量往往比正品更好。马云是中国最富有的人之一。

lip service 空头支票，口头敷衍

While applauding Alibaba's efforts, some lawyers pointed to an element of lip-service.

一些律师虽然称赞阿里巴巴的打假努力，但指出这些努力有作秀成分。