FT年度人物：他们，影响了世界的2016

01 FT年度人物：他们，影响了世界的2016

英国《金融时报》评选出2016年“FT年度人物”——美国当选总统唐纳德·特朗普。入围该称号的还有德国总理默克尔、印度总理莫迪、英国前独立党领导人法拉奇、软银集团的创办人兼社长孙正义和叙利亚男孩奥姆兰·达克尼什。

2016 FT年度人物：

Donald Trump/唐纳德·特朗普

特朗普誓言，将成为一名打破常规的总统，不会惧怕任何规则、机构、甚至宪法原则。若此话当真，民主制度可能遭受无法估量的损害。

It Can't Happen Here was the title of Sinclair Lewis's celebrated 1935 novel about fascism in America.It didn't then, and many well-informed Americans—Republicans and Democrats—believed that the election of Donald Trump wouldn't happen either.

《不可能在这里发生》是辛克莱尔·刘易斯1935年发表的关于法西斯主义在美国的著名小说。当时确实没发生，而美国的很多有识之士——共和党和民主党都有——也曾认为唐纳德·特朗普不可能当选。

Then came the night of Mr Trump's triumph.It was one that few with even the faintest political awareness will ever forget.Almost everyone turned out to be wrong—everyone, that is, except the man who apparently lived in a fantasy world.“It is going to be Brexit times five,” Mr Trump said during the campaign.For once he may have been understating things.

接着迎来了特朗普的胜利之夜。那是连最不具备政治意识的人也永远难忘的少数几个重大夜晚之一。几乎每个人都猜错了——或者说，除了那位明显生活在梦幻世界的人以外的所有人。“这带来的影响将是英国退欧的五倍，”特朗普在竞选期间曾经说道。那一次，他或许低估了事实。

Each circumstance may be unique but they are bound by powerful trends.The biggest is a general revulsion against established politics.Closely related is the collapse in trust for the media—or the Lügenpresse as Mr Trump's alt-right supporters call it, in a reprisal of Hitler's attacks on the “lying press”.

这些事件发生的舞台或许各不相同，但是它们都被强大趋势捆绑在一起。最大的趋势是公众对建制派政治的普遍反感。与之紧密相连的趋势是公众对媒体的信任坍塌——或者像特朗普的另类右翼支持者所称的“说谎的媒体”(Lügenpresse)，重现了当年希特勒对“说谎的媒体”发起的攻击。

A third is a rejection of globalisation.Mr Trump's vow to “put America first” echoes what his European counterparts say about their countries.The older, whiter, non-urban and heavily male coalition that helped to elect him is strikingly similar to populist demographics in Europe.

第三个趋势是拒绝全球化。特朗普誓言“把美国放在首位”，与他在欧洲的同僚对本国说的话遥相呼应。帮助特朗普胜选的人群——年龄较大、白人男性和非城市居民为主——与欧洲的民粹主义者在人口结构上惊人地相似。

Mr Trump's most extravagant claim was that “I alone can fix it”—by which he meant the “rigged” system of special interests who curry favour with politicians to further their ends.

特朗普最张扬的说法是“只有我才能搞定”(I alone can fix it)——他指的是搞定目前受到特殊利益集团“操纵”的体制，这些利益集团通过拉拢政客来达到自己的目的。

Mr Trump was happy to admit he was one of those special interests, having contributed to both the Democratic and Republican parties during a lifetime of political shape-shifting.He also bragged of having avoided taxes.Yet he vowed to be an iconoclastic president in which no rules, institution or even constitutional principle would be sacred.

特朗普乐于承认他是特殊利益集团之一，在他一生的政治变身中，他为民主党和共和党都做过贡献。他还吹嘘过自己的避税行为。不过，他发誓将成为一名打破常规的总统，不会惧怕任何规则、机构、甚至宪法原则。

If he meant it, the long-term damage to American democracy could be incalculable.Yet the thrice-married Mr Trump is nothing if not nimble.He can alter his stance with the same alacrity as he drops negotiating positions with creditors.The only thread is promotion of the Trump brand.Beyond that, does he have a core philosophy?

如果此话当真，美国的民主制度可能遭受无法估量的长期损害。不过，结过3次婚的特朗普极其滑头。他可以敏捷地改变立场，就像他在与债权人谈判时善于放弃谈判立场那样。唯一不变的主线是推广特朗普这个品牌。除此之外，他有任何核心理念吗？

2016 FT年度人物（入围）：

Angela Merkel/德国总理默克尔

FT年度人物入围人选之一：有呼声要求这位德国女总理接过美国总统奥巴马的角色，成为西方世界的领袖。

For German chancellor Angela Merkel, 2016 was another dramatic year that put her centre stage in global affairs and left her facing calls to take over outgoing US President Barack Obama's mantle as the leader of the western world.

对于德国总理安格拉·默克尔而言，2016年又是惊心动魄的一年，她被推上了全球事务的中央舞台，同时呼声四起，要求她接过即将离任的美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马的担子，成为西方世界的领袖。

While Ms Merkel dismissed such demands as “absurd”, she has recognised that the populist Donald Trump's election to the White House has added to her huge responsibilities.Any thought that, after three terms in power, she might retire at 62 has been swept away: she has decided to stand again in next year's parliamentary elections.

默克尔并不响应这种呼声，斥之为“荒唐”，但她已经意识到，民粹主义者唐纳德·特朗普当选美国总统后，她肩上的担子更重了。人们原本以为，在当了三任总理后，她可能在62岁退休。如今这种想法已经烟消云散，因为她已决定明年再次参加议会选举。

And she has made clear that she has far more than Germany on her mind—pledging to carry on the fight for liberal democracy, free trade and open societies even as rightwing populists are heading in a different direction.This promise alone was enough to make Ms Merkel the FT's Person of the Year for 2015, a leading contender for this year and will almost certainly put her in the running for 2017.

而且她明确表示，她心中所着想的绝不止是德国——她承诺继续为自由民主、自由贸易和开放社会而战，即便右翼民粹主义者正冲着不同的方向去了。这一承诺就足以让默克尔成为了英国《金融时报》2015年年度人物、2016年这一称号的有力争夺者，也几乎肯定会让她在2017年入围。

2016 FT年度人物（入围）：

Narendra Modi/印度总理莫迪

FT年度人物入围人选之二：对这位印度总理来说，突然取消大面值纸币的举措无疑是一场政治赌博。

Narendra Modi, the Indian prime minister, rode to power in 2014 with promises to revive economic growth, create jobs for unemployed youth, and find and repatriate money that rich Indians had hidden abroad.Yet change had been incremental.

2014年，印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪带着对恢复经济增长、为失业青年创造就业、以及找到并追回印度富人藏在海外的资金的承诺上台。不过，改变一直是渐进发生的。

But on November 8, Mr Modi set off a “big bang” that caught most Indians totally off-guard.In a televised speech, he declared an immediate ban on the use of Rs500 and Rs1,000 notes—86 per cent of India's circulating cash supply—in a highly cash-driven economy and ordered that they be returned to banks by the end of the year.

但在11月8日，莫迪引发了一场“大爆炸”，让大多数印度人完全措手不及。在电视讲话中，他宣布立即禁止在高度现金驱动的印度经济中使用面值为500和1000卢比的纸币——占印度流通中现金供应量的86%——并且下令在今年年底前把这些纸币存入银行。

It is a big political gamble for Mr Modi, who apparently decided on the sweeping step after limited consultations and with minimal preparation.

对莫迪来说，这是一场政治大赌博，他显然是在有限的磋商和几乎毫无准备的情况下决定了这项影响极为广泛的措施。

He is betting the political pay-off for demonstrating tough resolve on black money—and, incidentally, wiping out the cash reserves of his political rivals—will outweigh the economic costs of the acute cash scarcity.Several large state elections early next year will indicate whether he is right.

他在赌，展现自己对打击黑钱——并顺带清洗掉政治对手的现金储备——的坚定决心所带来的政治收益，将超过严重现金短缺所带来的经济成本。明年年初举行的多个大邦选举将表明他是否押对了。

2016 FT年度人物（入围）：

Nigel Farage/英国前独立党领导人法拉奇

FT年度人物入围人选之三：英国独立党前领袖推动了退欧运动，如今是欧洲民粹主义运动浪潮的代言人。

Nigel Farage, Eurosceptic scourge of “the political elite”, ended a remarkable 2016 appearing in the most potent and ironic picture of the year: smiling alongside a victorious Donald Trump outside the gold doors of the president-elect's New York apartment.

“政治精英”的克星、疑欧派人士奈杰尔·法拉奇用一张今年最有影响力、也最具讽刺意味的照片，为不寻常的2016年画上了句号。在这张照片上，他笑着站在赢得了美国大选的唐纳德·特朗普旁边，身后是这位当选总统纽约住宅的金色大门。

Leading Britain out of the EU already qualifies Mr Farage as a politician of huge significance.If Brexit leads to the unravelling of the EU project, historians will regard him as the catalyst and his role in the events of 2016 as a defining moment.

领导英国退出欧盟已经让法拉奇有资格被称为举足轻重的政客。如果英国退欧导致欧盟项目瓦解，历史学家们会将他视为促成这一过程的人，并将他在2016年各项事件中扮演的角色视为一个决定性时刻。

2016 FT年度人物（入围）：

Masayoshi Son/软银集团孙正义

FT年度人物入围人选之四：一旦看中目标，就迅速出击，这位韩裔日本人把软银打造成了世界互联网巨头。

Masayoshi Son, the risk-addicted billionaire who built Japan's SoftBank into a global internet powerhouse, is a man who moves fast to seize whatever he has set his eyes on.

孙正义一旦看中什么目标，就会迅速出击。这位爱冒险的亿万富翁把他在日本一手创办的软银(SoftBank)打造成了世界互联网巨头。

Less than a month after Britain voted to leave the EU, Mr Son clinched a deal to acquire UK chip designer Arm Holdings for £24.3bn.It was the largest Asian takeover of a British company.But the audacious deal was not enough to satisfy the 59-year-old known as Masa, who enjoys his reputation for having big and crazy ideas.

英国举行公投决定退出欧盟不到1个月，孙正义就敲定了一项协议，同意以243亿英镑收购英国芯片设计公司安谋国际(Arm Holdings)，成为亚洲企业对英国公司最大规模的收购案。但这笔大胆的交易还满足不了这位59岁、人称“Masa”的企业家。他喜欢人们说他总是有疯狂的奇思妙想。

After the summer had passed, Mr Son was off to Riyadh to meet Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Arabia's powerful deputy crown prince, to launch a $100bn technology fund.Armed with fresh funding power, Mr Son was next spotted in New York, forging ties with President-elect Donald Trump with a $50bn pledge to invest in US start-ups.

夏天刚过，孙正义动身前往利雅德，与沙特副王储、掌握实权的穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼王子会面，目的是发起设立一只1000亿美元的科技基金。携着新的资金实力，孙正义又现身纽约，与美国当选总统唐纳德·特朗普建立了关系，承诺向美国初创企业投资500亿美元。

2016 FT年度人物（入围）：

Omran Daqneesh/叙利亚男孩奥姆兰·达克尼什

FT年度人物入围人选之五：这个5岁的小男孩让整个世界意识到了它对叙利亚人民所受苦难的麻木不仁。

His tiny legs dangling from the seat of an ambulance, staring numbly and coated in dirt and blood, five-year-old Omran Daqneesh for a brief moment on August 17, 2016 reminded the world of its numbness to the tragedy ripping apart Syria's ancient city of Aleppo—and a war that has shaken the Middle East and sent its shockwaves across the world.

他的小细腿在救护车座椅边缘耷拉着，眼神呆滞地盯着前方，衣服上沾满了尘土和鲜血——5岁的奥姆兰·达克尼什在2016年8月17日的一个瞬间，让整个世界意识到了它对这场令叙利亚古城阿勒颇支离破碎的悲剧、以及这场撼动了整个中东并影响到世界各地的战争的麻木不仁。

Newspapers in Europe and the US spread the image of the small boy, injured and alone, and Omran became the face of a war the world is unable, or unwilling, to stop.After tens of thousands of civilians managed to flee amid intense fighting this month, Omran's whereabouts are currently unknown.

欧洲和美国的报纸纷纷登出了这个遍体鳞伤、形单影只的小男孩的照片，奥姆兰成了这场世界无法、或不愿阻止的战争的缩影。本月，上万名平民在激烈的交火中逃离阿勒颇，而奥姆兰目前下落不明。

词汇总结

demographics [demə'græfɪks]

n.人口结构特征；人口统计资料

The older, whiter, non-urban and heavily male coalition that helped to elect him is strikingly similar to populist demographics in Europe.

帮助特朗普胜选的人群——年龄较大、白人男性和非城市居民为主——与欧洲的民粹主义者在人口结构上惊人地相似。

special interest

特殊利益集团

Mr Trump was happy to admit he was one of those special interests.

特朗普乐于承认他是特殊利益集团之一。

brag [bræg]

v.吹牛，自夸

He also bragged of having avoided taxes.

他还吹嘘过自己的避税行为。

nimble ['nɪmb(ə)l]

adj.滑头的；敏捷的；聪明的；敏感的

Yet the thrice-married Mr Trump is nothing if not nimble.

不过，结过3次婚的特朗普极其滑头。

revive economic growth

恢复经济增长

Narendra Modi, the Indian prime minister, rode to power in 2014 with promises to revive economic growth, create jobs for unemployed youth, and find and repatriate money that rich Indians had hidden abroad.

2014年，印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪带着对恢复经济增长、为失业青年创造就业、以及找到并追回印度富人藏在海外的资金的承诺上台。

off-guard

措手不及

On November 8, Mr Modi set off a “big bang” that caught most Indians totally off-guard.

在11月8日，莫迪引发了一场“大爆炸”，让大多数印度人完全措手不及。

Eurosceptic [jʊərəʊ'skeptɪk]

n.疑欧派的；欧洲统一怀疑论者

Nigel Farage, Eurosceptic scourge of “the political elite”, ended a remarkable 2016 appearing in the most potent and ironic picture of the year.

“政治精英”的克星、疑欧派人士奈杰尔·法拉奇用一张今年最有影响力、也最具讽刺意味的照片，为不寻常的2016年画上了句号。