演讲MP3+双语文稿:帮助别人让我们更幸福，但也取决于如何做
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:帮助别人让我们更幸福，但也取决于如何做，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲人】Elizabeth Dunn
【演讲主题】帮助别人能够让我们更幸福，但也取决于如何做
【中英文字幕】
翻译者：psjmz mz 校对：Jin Ge
00:04
So, I have a pretty fun job,which is to figure out what makes people happy.It's so fun, it might almost seen a little frivolous,especially at a time where we're being confrontedwith some pretty depressing headlines.But it turns out that studying happiness might provide a keyto solving some of the toughest problems we're facing.It's taken me almost a decade to figure this out.
我的工作很有趣，内容是搞清——什么让人快乐。它是如此有趣，以至看起来没啥用，尤其是当我们面临一些非常令人沮丧的头条新闻时。但结果发现研究幸福可能是解决我们面临的这些难题的钥匙。我花了快10年时间才明白这点。
00:35
Pretty early on in my career,I published a paper in "Science" with my collaborators,entitled, "Spending Money on Others Promotes Happiness."I was very confident in this conclusion,except for one thing:it didn't seem to apply to me.
在我职业的早期阶段，我和我的合作者在《科学》上 发表了一篇论文，题为“为他人花钱能带来幸福。”我对这个结论非常有信心，除了一点：它在我身上好像不起作用。
00:52
（笑声）
00:53
I hardly ever gave money to charity,and when I did,I didn't feel that warm glow I was expecting.So I started to wonder if maybe there was something wrong with my researchor something wrong with me.My own lackluster emotional response to giving was especially puzzlingbecause my follow-up studies revealed that even toddlers exhibited joyfrom giving to others.
我几乎不给慈善组织捐钱，就算当我捐款了，我也没感受到预期的充实。于是我开始怀疑 是不是我的研究存在问题或者我本人有什么问题。我自己在给予他人之后感觉很平淡， 这让我很困惑，因为我后续的研究发现， 即便是蹒跚学步的孩子也能在给予中感到快乐。
01:24
n one experiment, my colleagues Kiley Hamlin, Lara Aknin and Ibrought kids just under the age of two into the lab.Now, as you might imagine,we had to work with a resource that toddlers really care about,so we used the toddler equivalent of gold,namely, Goldfish crackers.
在一个实验中，我和我的同事 基利·哈姆林、劳拉·阿克宁把不到2岁的孩子带到实验室。正像你们想的那样，我们必须用一些小孩特别喜欢的玩意，所以我们使用了儿童非常喜欢的食物，也就是金鱼饼干。
01:43
（笑声）
01:44
We gave kids this windfall of Goldfish for themselvesand a chance to give some of their Goldfish awayto a puppet named Monkey.
我们给孩子们发了一笔 “金鱼横财”，并给他们一个机会 把他们的一部分金鱼送给一个叫猴子的木偶。
01:54
(Video) Researcher: I found even more treats,and I'm going to give them all to you.
（视频）研究员： 我发现了更多的糖果，我要把它们都给你。
01:58
Toddler: Ooh. Thank you.
孩子：噢，谢谢你！
02:02
Researcher: But, you know, I don't see any more treats.Will you give one to Monkey?
研究员：你知道嘛， 除了你没人有糖果了哦。你愿意给猴子一个吗？
02:07
Toddler: Yeah. Researcher: Yeah?
孩子：我愿意。 研究员：确定吗？
02:10
Toddler: Yeah.Here.
孩子：嗯啊。给你。
02:17
Researcher: Ooh, yummy. Mmmm.
研究员：哇~真好吃~嗯~
02:22
Toddler: All gone, he ate it.
孩子：都没了，他吃光了。
02:25
Elizabeth Dunn: Now, we trained research assistants to watch these videosand code toddlers' emotional reactions.Of course, we didn't tell them our hypotheses.The data revealed that toddlers were pretty happywhen they got this pile of Goldfish for themselves,but they were actually even happierwhen they got to give some of their Goldfish away.
伊丽莎白·邓恩： 接着，我们培训研究助理观看这些视频并记录儿童的情感反应。当然，我们并没有告诉他我们的假设。数据显示 这些蹒跚学步的孩子在得到金鱼饼干时非常高兴，但当他们把一些金鱼饼干分享给别人时，他们更高兴。
02:45
And this warm glow of giving persists into adulthood.When we analyzed surveys from more than 200,000 adultsacross the globe,we saw that nearly a third of the world's populationreported giving at least some money to charity in the past month.Remarkably, in every major region of the world,people who gave money to charity were happier than those who did not,even after taking into account their own personal financial situation.And this correlation wasn't trivial.It looked like giving to charitymade about the same difference for happinessas having twice as much income.
这种给予的热情会持续到成年。当我们分析来自全球20万成年人的问卷答案时，我们看到近1/3的全球人口表示至少在过去一个月有向慈善组织捐赠。值得注意的是， 在全球每一个主要地区都是如此：那些向慈善组织捐赠的人 要比那些不捐赠的人更快乐，即便考虑进了他们个人的经济情况。这种相关性并非微不足道。根据数据，给慈善机构捐款对幸福感的影响，相当于你的收入增加了一倍。
03:29
Now, as a researcher,if you're lucky enough to stumble on an effectthat replicates around the world in children and adults alike,you start to wonder:Could this be part of human nature?We know that pleasure reinforces adaptive behaviorslike eating and sexthat help perpetuate our species,and it looked to me like giving might be one of those behaviors.
作为一个研究员，如果你足够幸运，偶尔发现这种在全球各地的儿童和 成人身上都能复制的效应，你会开始好奇：这是人类本质的一部分吗？我们知道快乐能增强适应性行为，诸如吃饭和性爱有助于物种延续，看起来给予可能也属于这类行为。
03:58
I was really excited about these ideas,and I wrote about them in the "New York Times."One of the people who read this articlewas my accountant.
我对这些想法非常激动，还在《纽约时报》写了想法。其中一个看到这个文章的人是我的会计。
04:07
（笑声）
04:10
Yeah.At tax time, I found myself seated across from him,watching as he slowly tapped his penon the charitable giving line of my tax returnwith this look of, like,poorly concealed disapproval.
没错。报税时，我坐在他对面，看着他对着我的纳税申报单慈善捐赠栏的地方慢慢地敲打着笔，带着一种毫不掩饰的反对表情。
04:26
（笑声）
04:28
Despite building my career by showing how great giving can feel,I actually wasn't doing very much of it.So I resolved to give more.
尽管我的工作很多都是在揭示 给予的感觉是多么棒，我其实很少这么去做。所以我决定付出更多。
04:40
Around that time,devastating stories about the Syrian refugee crisiswere everywhere.I really wanted to help,so I pulled out my credit card.I knew my donations would probably make a difference for someone somewhere,but going to the website of an effective charityand entering my Visa numberstill just didn't feel like enough.
那段时间，关于叙利亚难民危机的毁灭性报道无处不在。我真的很想给予帮助，于是我掏出我的信用卡。我知道我的捐赠或许可以让 某地方的某个人改变人生，然而打开一个慈善机构的网站，输入我的信用卡信息仍然感觉做得不够。
05:06
That's when I learned about the Group of Five.The Canadian government allows any five Canadiansto privately sponsor a family of refugees.You have to raise enough money to support the familyfor their first year in Canada,and then they literally get on a plane to your city.One of the things that I think is so cool about this programis that no one is allowed to do it alone.And instead of a Group of Five,we ended up partnering with a community organizationand forming a group of 25.After almost two years of paperwork and waiting,we learned that our family would be arriving in Vancouverin less than six weeks.They had four sons and a daughter,so we raced to find them a place to live.We were very lucky to find them a house,but it needed quite a bit of work.So my friends came out on evenings and weekendsand painted and cleaned and assembled furniture.
就在那时，我了解到了“五人小组”。加拿大政府允许任意五名加拿大人联合起来资助一个难民家庭。你需要募集足够的钱来支持难民们初到加拿大第一年的费用，然后他们就坐飞机到你们城市。我觉得这个项目很酷的一个原因是没有人可以单独行动。我们没有选择“五人小组”，而是最终与一个社区组织合作，组成了一个25人的小组。在将近2年的手续办理和等待后，我们得知我们资助的家庭 将在不到六周的时间内到达温哥华。他们有4个男孩和1个女孩，所以我们赶紧给他们找地方住。我们很幸运给他们找到了房子，但需要花大量的时间来布置。所以我的朋友们在晚上和周末来粉刷、清洁和组装家具。
06:09
When the big day came,we filled their fridge with milk and fresh fruitand headed to the airport to meet our family.It was a little overwhelming for everyone,especially the four-year-old.His mother was reunited with her sisterwho had come to Canada earlier through the same program.They hadn't seen each other in 15 years.
当那一天终于到来时，我们在他们的冰箱里装满了 牛奶和新鲜水果，然后去机场迎接他们。这种场面让每个人都感觉有点紧张，尤其是那个四岁的小家伙。他的母亲和她的妹妹终于团聚了，她的妹妹早些时候也通过 同样的项目来到加拿大。她们已经有15年没见过彼此了。
06:35
When you hear that more than 5.6 million refugees have fled Syria,you're faced with this tragedythat the human brain hasn't really evolved to comprehend.It's so abstract.Before, if any of us had been asked to donate 15 hours a monthto help out with the refugee crisis,we probably would have said no.But as soon as we took our family to their new home in Vancouver,we all had the same realization:we were just going to do whatever it took to help them be happy.
当你听说有560多万 难民逃离叙利亚时，你所面临的惨状已经超过了大脑所能够理解的范围。它是如此抽象。以前，如果有人被要求 每月捐出15个小时来帮助解决难民危机，我们很可能会拒绝。但是当我们带我们资助的家庭 去温哥华的新家时，我们都有同样的认识：我们只想尽一切可能让他们开心。
07:11
This experience made me think a little more deeply about my research.Back in my lab,we'd seen the benefits of giving spikewhen people felt a real sense of connection with those they were helpingand could easily envision the difference they were makingin those individuals' lives.
这个经历让我对我的研究 思考得更深了一层。回到我的实验室，当人们与他们所帮助的人 产生真正的联系，以及可以很容易地想象到 这一切能给受助人的生活带来的改变时，我们看到了给予帮助的好处。
07:30
For example, in one experiment,we gave participants an opportunity to donate a bit of moneyto either UNICEF or Spread the Net.We chose these charities intentionally,because they were partners and shared the same critically important goalof promoting children's health.But I think UNICEF is just such a big, broad charitythat it can be a little hard to envisionhow your own small donation will make a difference.In contrast, Spread the Net offers donors a concrete promise:for every 10 dollars donated,they provide one bed net to protect a child from malaria.
举个例子，在一个实验中，我们为参与者提供一个捐钱给联合国儿童基金会或 Spread the Net的机会。我们有意选择了这些慈善机构，因为他们是合作伙伴， 有着促进儿童健康的同样至关重要的目标。但我认为联合国儿童基金会 是一个大而广的慈善机构，人们会很难想象你的小小捐赠会产生什么作用。相比之下，Spread the Net 给了捐赠者一个具体承诺：每捐赠10美元，他们会提供一个蚊帐来保护 儿童免受疟疾的侵害。
08:08
We saw that the more money people gave to Spread the Net,the happier they reported feeling afterward.In contrast, this emotional return on investmentwas completely eliminated when people gave money to UNICEF.So this suggests that just giving money to a worthwhile charityisn't always enough.You need to be able to envisionhow, exactly, your dollars are going to make a difference.
我们看到给Spread the Net 捐赠越多钱的人，他们事后报告的快乐也更多。相比之下，当人们把钱 捐给联合国儿童基金会时，这种情感上的投资回报就完全消失了。所以这就意味着把钱捐给 一个有价值的慈善机构并不足够。你必须得能够想象，确切地说，你的钱将如何发挥作用。
08:38
Of course, the Group of Five program takes this idea to a whole new level.When we first took on this project,we would talk about when the refugees would arrive.Now, we just refer to them as our family.Recently, we took the kids ice skating,and later that day, my six-year-old, Oliver, asked me,"Mommy, who is the oldest kid in our family?"I assumed he was talking about his plethora of cousins,and he was talking about them,but also about our Syrian family.
当然，“五人小组”的项目把这个 想法带到一个全新的高度。我们刚开始这个项目时，我们会讨论难民何时到达。现在，我们把他们称作我们的家人。最近，我们带孩子们去滑冰，那天晚些时候， 我六岁的儿子奥利弗问我，“妈妈，谁是我们家最大的孩子?”我猜想他指的是他那 一大堆堂兄弟姐妹，他谈的是他们，但也包括我们的叙利亚家人。
09:11
Since our family arrived,so many people and organizations have offered to help,providing everything from free dental fillingsto summer camps.It's made me see the goodness that exists in our community.Thanks to one donation,the kids got to go to bike camp,and every day of the week,some member of our group tried to be there to cheer for them.I happened to be therethe day the training wheels were supposed to come off,and let me tell you, the four-year-old did not think this was a good idea.So I went over and talked to himabout the long-term benefits of riding without training wheels.
自从我们的家人抵达后，很多的个人和组织提供了帮助，从提供免费的口腔牙龈保护到夏令营的一些东西。它让我看到了存在我们社区的善良。多一份捐赠，让孩子能够参加单车夏令营，每天都能去，我们组的一些成员都 在那里为他们加油。我碰巧在辅助轮（辅助学习骑车） 应该被取下的那天到那，我不得不说，这个四岁的孩子 觉得这不是好主意。所以我过去告诉他关于不使用辅助轮的长期好处。
09:52
（笑声）
09:55
Then I remembered that he was four and barely spoke English.So I reverted to two words he definitely knew:ice cream.You try without training wheels, I'll buy you ice cream.Here's what happened next.
然后我想起他才四岁， 几乎不会说英语。于是我回到了他肯定知道的单词：冰淇淋。你试试不带训练轮，我给你买冰淇淋。这是接下来发生的事情。
10:11
(Video) ED: Yes. Yeah!
（视频）伊丽莎白：是的，对！
10:13
Kid: I'm gonna try.
孩子：我试试。
10:14
ED: Oh my God! Look at you go!
伊丽莎白：老天，看你骑得多好！
10:16
(Squealing) Look at you go! You're doing it all by yourself!
(尖叫)看你骑得多好！ 完全不需要辅助轮了！
10:19
（观众）（笑声）
10:21
（视频）伊丽莎白：好样的！
10:23
（观众）（笑声）
10:25
（鼓掌）
10:29
ED: So this is the kind of helping that human beings evolved to enjoy,but for 40 years,Canada was the only country in the worldthat allowed private citizens to sponsor refugees.
伊丽莎白：享受这种帮助行为 是人类进化而来的能力，但是40年来，加拿大是全球唯一一个允许公民个人赞助难民的国家。
10:44
Now -- Canada!
如今——加拿大万岁！
10:46
（鼓掌）
10:48
好极了。
10:50
Now Australia and the UK are starting up similar programs.Just imagine how different the refugee crisis could lookif more countries made this possible.
现在澳大利亚和英国 也开始了类似的项目。试想一下，如果更多的国家 能够做到这一点，难民危机将会变得多么不同。
11:02
Creating these kinds of meaningful connections between individualsprovides an opportunity to deal with challengesthat feel overwhelming.One of those challenges lies just blocks from where I'm standing right now,in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver.By some measures, it's the poorest urban postal code in Canada.We actually debated whether to bring over a family of refugees,because there are so many people right here already struggling.My friend Evan told me that when he was a kidand his parents drove through this neighborhood,he would duck down in the back seat.But Evan's parents never would have guessedthat when he grew up,he would open up the doors of a local restaurantand invite this community inside to enjoy three-course dinners.The program that Evan helped build is called "Plenty of Plates,"and the goal is not just to provide free mealsbut to create moments of connectionbetween people who otherwise might never make eye contact.Each night, a local business sponsors the dinnerand sends a team of volunteerswho help make and serve the meal.Afterward, the leftovers get distributed to people who are out on the street,and importantly, there's enough money leftto provide a thousand free lunches for this communityin the days that follow.
在个人之间建立这种有意义的联系提供了来应对那些让人难以承受的挑战的机遇。其中一个挑战就在离我现在所站的 地方几个街区远的地方，在温哥华市中心的东侧。从某些方面来看， 它是加拿大最穷的城市地区。我们实际上在讨论是否要 把一个难民家庭带来，因为这里已经有很多人在挣扎。我的朋友埃文告诉我在他小的时候，他的父母开车穿过这个街区，他会在后座上蹲下身子。但埃文的父母绝不会猜到当他长大后，他会打开当地这家餐厅的门邀请这个社区来享受三道菜的晚餐。埃文帮助建立的这个项目 叫做“很多的盘子”，但其目标不仅是提供免费午餐，而是在那些从来不会 彼此有眼神接触的人中创造连接的机会。每个晚上都有一家本地企业赞助晚餐，并派出一队志愿者帮助制作和递送晚餐。之后，剩饭剩菜会分发给街上的人们，重要的是，还剩下了足够的钱在接下来的日子里为这个社区提供一千份免费午餐。
12:23
But the benefits of this program extend beyond food.For the volunteers, it provides an opportunity to engage with people,to sit down and hear their stories.After this experience, one volunteer changed his commuteso that instead of avoiding this neighborhood,he walks through it,smiling or making eye contact as he passes familiar faces.
但这个项目的益处超出食物本身。对于志愿者，它提供了 一个与人互动的机会，坐下来听听他们的故事。在这次经历后，一个志愿者 改变了他的通勤路线，这样就不会避开这个邻区，而是让他能够穿过去，当他经过熟悉的面孔时， 他们会对彼此微笑或通过眼神交流。
12:48
All of us are capable of finding joy in giving.But we shouldn't expect this to happen automatically.Spending money helping others doesn't necessarily promote happiness.Instead, it matters how we do it.And if we want people to give more,we need to subvert the way we think about charitable giving.We need to create opportunities to givethat enable us to appreciate our shared humanity.If any of you work for a charity,don't reward your donors with pens or calendars.
我们都能在给予中找到快乐。但我们不能预期它会自动发生。把钱花在别人身上未必带来幸福感，关键在于我们如何做。如果我们想让人们给予更多，就需要颠覆我们对慈善捐赠的看法。我们需要创造机会，使我们能够欣赏我们共同的人性。如果你们有谁在慈善组织工作，不要用笔或日历奖励你的捐赠者。
13:25
（鼓掌）
13:29
Reward them with the opportunityto see the specific impact that their generosity is havingand to connect with the individuals and communities they're helping.
奖励他们看到他们的慷慨产生的特别作用，还有提供他们与帮助的个人 和群体之间连接的机会。
13:41
We're used to thinking about giving as something we should do.And it is.But in thinking about it this way,we're missing out on one of the best parts of being human:that we have evolved to find joy in helping others.Let's stop thinking about giving as just this moral obligationand start thinking of it as a source of pleasure.
我们习惯于认为给予是 我们应该做的事情。的确是这样的。但这样想，我们就会错过人类最好的一面：我们已经进化到在助人中体会快乐。让我们停止把给予 仅仅看作是一种道德义务，开始把它视作快乐的源泉吧。
14:10
Thank you.
谢谢。
14:11
（鼓掌）
