演讲MP3+双语文稿:水危机的创造性解决方案

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听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:水危机的创造性解决方案，希望你会喜欢！

【演讲者及介绍】LaToya Ruby Frazier

视觉艺术家拉托娅-鲁比-弗雷泽（LaToya Ruby Frazier）将她的摄影镜头聚焦在工人阶级家庭，探索家庭、不平等、医疗卫生和环境种族主义等主题。

【演讲主题】密歇根州弗林特市水危机的创造性解决方案

【中英文字幕】

翻译者Jiasi Hao 校对者Yanyan Hong

00:13

So, in 2016, I was commissioned to producea photo essay about the water crisis in Flint, Michigan. And that's been goingon since 2014. And I accepted the commission with the idea that I wouldphotograph three generations of women dealing with the crisis on a daily basis.

在 2016 年，我受托制作一本专题摄影报道，内容关于密歇根州弗林特市从 2014 年开始的水资源危机。我接受了委托，想着我可以拍摄三个世代的女性如何应对日常水资源危机。

00:38

I was fortunate to meet two best friends,artists, activists and poets Amber Hasan and Shea Cobb, who took me aroundFlint. As a school bus driver, Shea Cobb became the central figure of the photoessay, along with her mother, Ms. Renée, and her eight-year-old daughter, Zion.I obsessively followed Shea's school bus routes. And when Shea wasn't drivingthe bus, she would be watching over Zion, making sure she was studying. Iembedded myself in every intimate facet of Shea's life. When Shea took me toZion's school, and I saw the water fountains covered with signs that said,"Contaminated. Do not drink," I couldn't pick up my camera tophotograph it. It rocked me to the core to see that in America, we can go fromfountains that say "Whites" or "Blacks only," to todayseeing fountains that say, "Contaminated water. Do not drink." Andsomehow, that's acceptable?

我很有幸认识两位最棒的朋友：艺术家、活动家和诗人安珀·哈桑 和 谢伊·科布。他们带我逛了弗林特。谢伊·科布是一名校车司机，和她的母亲蕾妮女士以及她 8 岁的女儿，锡安，成为了专题摄影的中心人物。我十分着迷地跟着谢伊的校车。当谢伊不在开车的时候，她会照看锡安，确保她有在学习。我全身心融入并感受谢伊生活的方方面面。当谢伊带着我去锡安的学校时，我看到饮水处挂着许多标志，上面写着：“受污染，不可饮用”。我无法拿起相机记录这个场景。我感到非常震惊，竟然会在美国看到这种事，那些饮水处的标示从“仅限白人”或“仅限黑人”，到现在所见的那个标志，“受污染，不可饮用”。而这竟然是可以接受的？

01:47

The residents in Flint have been forced todrink with, cook with and bathe with bottled water, while paying the highestwater bills in the country for water that is infected with deadly legionellabacteria.

当弗林特的居民正使用着被致命军团菌感染的水支付着国家高昂的水费的同时，他们却不得不被迫饮用瓶装水，和用瓶装水来烧饭、洗澡。

02:03

It was natural for me to go to Flint,because industrial pollution, bacteria-contaminated water were all too familiarfor me growing up in my hometown, Braddock, Pennsylvania, where my mother and Ibattled cancer and autoimmune disorders like lupus. Our 14-year collaboration,"The Notion of Family," was created out of our struggle to surviveenvironmental racism, healthcare inequity and chemical emissions that werebeing deregulated and released from the United States Steel Corporation, makingBraddock the town with the highest asthma and infant mortality rates in thecountry. From the Monongahela River to the Flint River, in the words of W.E.B.Du Bois, "The town, the whole valley, has turned its back upon the river.It has used it as a sewer, as a drain, as a place for throwing theirwaste."

我去弗林特没觉得不适应，因为工业污染、被细菌污染的水，对我来说再熟悉不过了，因为我成长的家乡也是如此——宾夕法尼亚布拉多克，在那里，我和我母亲一起对抗癌症和自身免疫性疾病，例如狼疮。我们 14 年的合作成果《家庭观》，是建立在我们的挣扎之上，我们努力求生存，对抗环境种族主义、医疗保健不平等，以及那些对美国钢铁公司化学物质排放管制的松懈。让布拉多克小镇有着整个国家最高的哮喘和婴儿死亡率。从莫农加希拉河到弗林特河，用杜波依斯（W.E.B. Du Bois）的话来说, “这个小镇，整个峡谷，已经背弃了这条河流，把它当作了下水道，排水沟，成为了一个丢垃圾的地方。”

03:11

General Motors has been cited for dumpingchemicals in the Flint River for decades. When my photo essay "Flint isFamily" came out in August of 2016, it was released to remind America thatalthough Flint was no longer headline news, the water crisis was far from over.And, of course, I knew it was going to take more than a series of photographson my part to bring relief to the people in Vehicle City. Shea and I bondedover our mothers and grandmothers. Amber and I bonded over our battles withlupus. Together, we decided to remain in each other's life and continue ourcreative efforts.

数十年来，通用汽车都因为在弗林特河倾倒化学药品而被传讯。当我的专题摄影《弗林特是家》在 2016 年 8 月发行时，它的目的是为了提醒美国尽管弗林特不再是新闻头条，水资源危机却还是没有结束。当然，我知道，光是在我这里推出一个摄影合集，还不足以给这座汽车城的人们带来慰藉。谢伊和我是因为我们的母亲和祖母而产生的连结，而安珀和我是因共同对抗狼疮建立了友谊。我们一起决定留在彼此的生活中，并继续我们具有创造性的努力。

03:57

In 2017, Shea and Amber cofounded artistcollective The Sister Tour, whose mission is to provide a safe space for Flintartists. One year later, I mounted my solo exhibition, "Flint isFamily," here in New York City at Gavin Brown's Enterprise on West 127thStreet. As the audience approaches the facade of the building, they see a30-foot billboard. The 30-foot billboard is made of three large color negativeswith the message "Water Is Life," spelled out in Nestle water bottlesby The Sister Tour. Nestle, the largest water-bottling company in the world,pumps 400 gallons of water per minute out of aquifers in Lake Michigan, nearlyfree of charge. The company also extracts millions of liters of water fromFirst Nation reservations, while they have no access to clean water at all.

在 2017 年，谢伊和安珀共同创办了艺术家集团“姐妹之旅（The Sister Tour）”，旨在为弗林特艺术家们提供安全的空间。一年后，我在纽约西 127 街上的加文布朗画廊中，筹备了个人展《弗林特是家》。当观众走近建筑立面时，他们会看到一个 30 英尺的广告牌，由三个大型彩色底片组成的，广告牌上有着由“姐妹之旅”用雀巢水瓶拼写出的“水是生命”的信息。雀巢，世界上最大的瓶装水公司，从密歇根湖的蓄水层每分钟抽取 400 加仑的水，几乎不用花钱。雀巢也从原住民保留区内抽取上百万升的水，尽管他们已经无法获取干净的水资源。

04:59

This is a fundraiser print that I used toraise money to send The Sister Tour to different venues to educate people onthe ongoing crisis. I also continued to keep it in the public eye by producingcountdown flags that were raised on institutions across the country. This pastJune, Amber emailed me with the news that Michigan's attorney general droppedall criminal charges in the Flint Water Crisis investigation, where eight stateand city employees were facing charges as serious as manslaughter.

这是我曾经用来筹集资金的活动图片，资金用于把“姐妹之旅”送往各地来教育人们关注这个不断发酵的危机。我也通过在国家各个机构前挂起倒计时旗帜，将这事持续曝光在公众眼中。在刚过去的 6 月，安珀写邮件告诉我一个新闻，消息称，密歇根总检察长在弗林特水危机的调查中放弃了所有刑事指控。在这调查中有 8 名州和市的政府雇员本应面临着严重到过失杀人罪同等的指控。

05:35

I could no longer idly stand by and waitfor the government to do its job. Justice has been delayed, and justice hasbeen denied. It's been five years, and we're still waiting on justice for themen, women and children in Flint. I asked Amber, "What can I do?" Shetold me about a man named Moses West that she met in Puerto Rico, who inventeda 26,000-pound atmospheric water generator. Amber took Moses to electedofficials in the city of Flint. None of them seemed interested in bringing themachine for relief to Flint at all. Amber needed to get the machine from amilitary base in Texas all the way to Flint. Nobody in Flint had that kind ofmoney lying around. And it was at that point that I decided to take theproceeds from my solo exhibition "Flint is Family," along with thegenerous match grant from the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, and sent it toMoses West.

我无法再袖手旁观，等待政府去尽责了。公正已经被拖延，而且，公正已经被否认。已经 5 年了，然而我们依旧在等待弗林特的男人、女人和孩子们获得公正。我曾问安珀，“我能做什么？”她告诉我，她在波多黎各遇到一个名叫摩西·夭斯特的男人，在大气水生成器的项目上投资了 2.6 万英镑。她带着摩西找到了弗林特当地的公职人员。他们没有一个人对引进这样的机器从而解决危机感兴趣。安珀需要从德州的军事基地弄来这台机器，一路带到弗林特。在弗林特，没人有足够的经济能力为此支付。于是在那时，我决定把我从个人展《弗林特是家》得到的收益，和来自罗伯特·劳森伯格基金会慷慨提供的比赛奖金一起交给了摩西·夭斯特。

06:52

This past July, Moses West and hisatmospheric water generator arrived to Flint, Michigan, on North Saginawbetween Marengo and Pulaski, and is actually still there right now, operating.This community that sits three miles from downtown has been stripped of itsschools, access to healthy grocery stores and clean water. Socially, it'sviewed as a violent, poor community. But I see something completely different.

在刚过去的 7 月，摩西·夭斯特和他的大气水发生器到达了密歇根弗林特市，被安置在马伦戈和普拉斯基之间的北萨吉诺，这台机器现在依旧在那运作着。这个距离市区 3 公里的社区已经关闭了学校、没有健康的杂货店，也没有干净的水。在社会上，它被视为暴力且贫穷的社区。但是我看见的景象却完全不同。

07:27

Moses, an officer, Ranger, veteran, wasvery clear about his water rescue mission: Bring relief of free, clean water tothe people in Flint. Teach them how to use the machine, teach them how to takecare of it, and most importantly, take ownership of the machine. Tell everybodyacross the city to bring all their containers and come and take as much wateras they can stock up on, especially before the winter season hits; the machinedoesn't extract moisture in freezing temperatures. This technology pulls airthrough a high-volume air filter. It mechanically creates condensation, whichproduces 2,000 gallons of water per day. Residents are free to walk up to themachine anywhere between 9am and 8pm daily and take as much as they want,alleviating them from standing in long lines for bottled water.

摩西是一位军官、突击队员，和退伍军人，对自己拯救水资源的使命非常清晰：给弗林特的人民带来免费、干净的水。教会他们如何使用机器，教会他们如何维护机器，还有最重要的是，主动为机器承担所有者的责任。告诉市里每一个人带上他们的容器来这里灌水，尽可能装满他们的容器，特别是在冬天来临之前。这台机器不会在冰冻的气温下抽取水分。它的技术核心是将空气压入大容量空气过滤器，水气自动冷凝，每天产生 2 千加仑的水。居民可以在每天早上 9 点到晚上 8 点前来使用机器，并且随意取水，而免于为领取瓶装水大排长龙。

08:34

I've been at the machine, interviewingpeople, asking them, "What does it mean to see Moses and his machine in[your] community?" And, "What has it been like living without accessto clean water?" Alita told me, "It's a miracle that God gave Mosesthe knowledge and technology to provide us with pure drinking water." Shealso told me that prior to the machine coming, she had severe headaches, andthe water made her so sick to her stomach, she couldn't eat. Tina told me thatthe lead-contaminated water made her hair fall out. Usually, she's weak andvery light-headed. Since using the machine, she's had energy and strength.David, he was overwhelmed with joy that someone from Texas cared. When hetasted the water, he thought to himself, "Now, this is the way Godintended water to be." He brings three seven-gallon containers to refillto use at his barbecue stand.

我去到机器那里，采访人们，问他们，“摩西和他的机器的到来，对你意味着什么？”以及“没有干净水源的生活是怎么样的？”艾丽塔告诉我，“这简直是一个奇迹，上帝把摩西的知识和技术带给我们，给我们带来了可以喝的纯净水。”她也告诉我，在那台机器出现之前她有很严重的头疼，那些污染的水，使她的病痛从头扩散到了胃，她无法进食。蒂娜告诉我，铅污染的水让她脱发。她很虚弱，经常感到头晕目眩。但是自从开始用那台机器后，她的体质和气色都有了明显好转。大卫实在太高兴德州会有人在意这件事。当他尝到机器供给的水时，他想：“这是神创造的水该有的样子。”他带着 3 个曾经用于他烧烤小摊的 7 加仑容器来灌水。

09:45

Through creativity and solidarity, AmberHasan, Shea Cobb, Tuklor Senegal, The Sister Tour, myself, the people of Flint,Dexter Moon, Moses West and his atmospheric water generator have been able toprovide 120,000 gallons of free, clean water.

通过创意和团结，安珀·哈桑，谢伊·科布，图克洛·塞内加，姐妹之旅，我，弗林特的人们，德克斯特·莫，摩西·夭斯特和他的空气制水机已为人们带来了 12 万加仑免费、干净的水。

10:10

(Applause)

（掌声）

10:17

The people in Flint deserve access to cleanwater. Water is life. It is the spirit that binds us from sickness, death anddestruction. Imagine how many millions of lives we could save if Moses'smachine were in places like Newark, New Jersey, South Africa and India, withcompassion instead of profit motives.

弗林特的人们值得拥有干净的水。水是生命。是一种精神，从疾病、死亡和毁灭中连系你我的精神。想象一下我们能拯救多少人的生命？如果摩西的机器能够在纽瓦克、新泽西州、南非，和印度出现，而且是出于怜悯，而非利润驱动。

10:45

I loaded my camera, I locked my focus, andI placed my finger over the shutter release, as Shea and Zion went to taketheir first sip of clean water. When the shutter released, I was overcome witha deep sense of joy and righteousness. When I sent Shea some of thephotographs, she wrote, "Thank you again for the light that you bring tomy city." I immediately replied, "The light was already there withinyou."

我装载好相机，我锁定聚焦点，把手指放在释放快门的地方，当谢伊和锡安第一次去尝试喝那干净的水的刹那，我按下了快门。我被深刻的喜悦和正义感所征服。当我把一些照片寄给谢伊后，她写道，“再次谢谢你，感谢你为我的城市带来光明。”我马上回复道，“光明已经属于你们。”

11:21

It's been four years since I've beenphotographing in Flint, and finally, I've been able to render a poetic justice.No matter how dark a situation may be, a camera can extract the light and turna negative into a positive.

我装载好相机，我锁定聚焦点，把手指放在释放快门的地方，当谢伊和锡安第一次去尝试喝那干净的水的刹那，我按下了快门。我被深刻的喜悦和正义感所征服。当我把一些照片寄给谢伊后，她写道，“再次谢谢你，感谢你为我的城市带来光明。”我马上回复道，“光明已经属于你们。”

11:42

Thank you.

谢谢。

11:43

(Applause)

（掌声）