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> 行业英语 > 外贸英语 > 国际合同 >  第38篇

关于英文合同条款的42例说明

所属教程:国际合同

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2022年05月07日

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在经济活动中,尤其在国际贸易经济中,撰写合同文书,通常会涉及“法律的适用”有关争议条款、仲裁条款等内容,有的术语来自国际惯例。学习相关的法规、国际惯例和国际规则对掌握英语合同有很大帮助。

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例1:

In entering into a contract, the parties shall have the appropriate capacities for civil rights and civil acts. A party may appoint an agent to enter into a contract on its behalf under the law.

译文:

当事人订立合同,应当具有相应的民事权利能力和民事行为能力。当事人依法可以委托代理人订立合同。

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例2:

The limitation period for claims with regard to contracts of marine insurance is two years, counting from the day on which the peril insured against occurred.

译文:

根据海上保险合同向保险人要求保险赔偿的请求权,时效期间为二年,自保险事故发生之日起计算。

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例3:

After the establishment of a limited liability company, it is discovered that the actual value of the tangible goods, industrial property, non-patented technology, or land use rights contributed as capital is significantly below their value fixed in the articles of association, the shareholder who contributed such item as capital shall contribute the difference in value, and the other shareholders of the company at the time it was established shall be jointly and severally liable.

译文:

有限责任公司成立后,发现作为出资的实物、工业产权、非专利技术、土地使用权的实际价值明显低于公司章程所定价值的,应当由交付该出资的股东补交其差额,公司设立时的其他股东对其承担连带责任。

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例4:

If the seller has delivered goods before the date for delivery, he may, up to that date, deliver any missing part or make up any deficiency in the quantity of the goods delivered, or deliver goods in replacement of any non-conforming goods delivered or remedy any lack of conformity in the goods delivered, provided that the exercise of this right does not cause the buyer unreasonable inconvenience or unreasonable expense. However, the buyer retains any right to claim damages as provided for in this Convention.

译文:

如果卖方在交货日期前交付货物,他可以在那个日期到达前,交付任何缺漏部分或补足所交付货物的不足数量,或交付用以替换所交付不符合同规定的货物,或对所交付货物中任何不符合同规定的情形做出补救,但是,此一权利的行使不得使买方遭受不合理的不便或承担不合理的开支。不过,买方保留本公约所规定的要求损害赔偿的任何权利。

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例5:

If a party has possession of the other party's property according to contract and the other party violates the contract by failing to pay a required sum of money within the specified time limit, the possessor shall have a lien on the property and may keep the retained property to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the property pursuant to relevant legal provisions.

译文:

按照合同约定一方占有对方的财产,对方在规定期限内没有支付应付款时,占有人有权留置该财产,依照法律的规定以留置财产折价或者以变卖该财产的价款优先得到偿还。

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例6:

If the offeree dispatched its acceptance within the period for acceptance, and the acceptance, which would otherwise have reached the offeror in due time under normal circumstances, reaches the offeror after expiration of the period for acceptance due to any other reason, the acceptance is valid, unless the offeror timely advises the offeree that the acceptance has been rejected on grounds of the delay.

译文:

受要约人在承诺期限内发出承诺,按照通常情形能够及时到达要约人,但因其他原因承诺到达要约人时超过承诺期限的,除要约人及时通知受要约人因承诺超过期限不接受该承诺的以外,该承诺有效。

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例7:

Where a contract is concluded by way of standard terms, the party supplying the standard terms shall abide by the principle of fairness in prescribing the rights and obligations of the parties and shall, in a reasonable manner, call the other party's attention to the provision(s) whereby such party's liabilities are excluded or limited, and shall explain such provision(s) upon request by the other party.

Standard terms are contract provisions which were prepared in advance by a party for repeated use, and which are not negotiated with the other party in the course of concluding the contract.

译文:

采用格式条款订立合同的,提供格式条款的一方应当遵循公平原则确定当事人之间的权利和义务,并采取合理的方式提请对方注意免除或者限制其责任的条款,按照对方的要求,对该条款予以说明。

格式条款是当事人为了重复使用而预先拟定,并在订立合同时未与对方协商的条款。

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例8:

Upon discharge of the rights and obligations under a contract, the parties shall abide by the principle of good faith and perform obligations such as notification, assistance and confidentiality. in accordance with the relevant usage.

译文:

合同的权利义务终止后,当事人应当遵循诚实信用原则,根据交易习惯履行通知、协助、保密等义务。

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例9:

The parties to a contract involving foreign interests may choose the law applicable to settlement of their contractual disputes, except as otherwise stipulated by law.

If the parties to a contract involving foreign interests have not made a choice, the law of the country to which the contract is most closely connected shall be applied.

译文:

涉外合同的当事人可以选择处理合同争议所适用的法律,法律另有规定的除外。

涉外合同的当事人没有选择的,适用与合同有最密切联系的国家的法律。

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例10:

Cost, Insurance and Freight means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship's rail in the port of shipment.

The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the pods to the named port of destination, BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. However, in CIF the seller also has to procure marine insurance against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.

Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. The buyer should note that under the CIF term the seller is required to obligation insurance only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wish to have the protection of greater cover, he would either need to agree as such expressly with the seller or to make his own extra insurance arrangements.

The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

译文:

“成本、保险费加运费”是指在装运港当货物越过船舷时卖方即完成交货。

卖方必须支付将货物运至指定的目的港所需的运费和费用,但交货后货物丢失或损坏的风险及由于各种事件造成的任何额外费用即由卖方转移到买方。但是,在CIF条件下,卖方还必须办理买方货物在运输途中丢失或损坏风险的海运保险。

因此,由卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费。买方应注意到,CIF术语只要求卖方投保最低限度的保险险别。如买方需要更高的保险险别,则需要与卖方明确地达成协议,或者自行作出额外的保险安排。

CIF术语要求卖方办理货物出口清关手续。

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例11:

The mortgaged ship shall be insured by the mortgagor unless the contract provides otherwise. In case the ship is not insured, the mortgagee has the right to place the ship under insurance coverage and the mortgagor shall pay for the premium thereof.

译文:

除合同另有约定外,抵押人应当对被抵押船舶进行保险;未保险的,抵押权人有权对该船舶进行保险,保险费由抵押人负担。

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例12:

A contract of carriage of goods by sea is a contract under which the carrier, against payment of freight, undertakes to carry by sea the goods contracted for shipment by the shipper from one port to another.

译文:

海上货物运输合同,是指承运人收取运费,负责将托运人托运的货物经海路由一港运至另一港的合同。

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例13:

The defence and limitation of liability provided for in this Chapter shall apply to any legal action brought against the carrier with regard to the loss of or damage to or delay in delivery of the goods covered by the contract of carriage of goods by sea, whether the claimant is a party to the contract or whether the action is founded in contract or in tort.

译文:

就海上货物运输合同所涉及的货物丢失、损坏或者迟延交付对承运人提起的任何诉讼,不论海事请求人是否合同的一方,也不论是否是根据合同或是根据侵权行为提起的,均适用本章关于承运人的抗辩理由和限制赔偿责任的规定。

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例14:

Where a labor dispute arises, if a party does not desire a consultation, the parties fail to settle the dispute through consultation, or a party does not execute a reached settlement agreement, any party may apply to a mediation organization for mediation; if a party does not desire a mediation, the parties fail to settle the dispute through mediation, or a party does not execute a reached mediation agreement, any party may apply to a labor dispute arbitration commission for arbitration; and a party disagreeing to an arbitral award may bring an action in the people's court except as otherwise provided for by this Law.

译文:

发生劳动争议,当事人不愿协商、协商不成或者达成和解协议后不履行的,可以向调解组织申请调解;不愿调解、调解不成或者达成调解协议后不履行的,可以向劳动争议仲裁委员会申请仲裁;对仲裁裁决不服的,除本法另有规定的外,可以向人民法院提起诉讼。

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例15:

Where each party owes performance to the other party that is due, and the subject matters of the obligations are identical in type and quality, either party may set off its obligation against the obligation of the other party, except where set-off is prohibited by law or in light of the nature of the contract.

The party availing itself of set-off shall notify the other party. The notice becomes effective when it reaches the other party. Set-off may not be subject to any condition or time limit.

译文:

当事人互负到期债务,该债务的标的物种类、品质相同的,任何一方可以将自己的债务与对方的债务抵消,但依照法律规定或者按照合同性质不得抵消的除外。当事人主张抵消的,应当通知对方。通知自到达对方时生效。抵消不得附条件或者附期限。

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例16:

Documents means financial documents and/or commercial documents.

Financial documents means bills of exchange, promissory notes, cheques, or other similar instruments used for obtaining the payment of money.

Commercial documents means invoice, transport documents, documents of title or other similar documents, or any other documents whatsoever, not being financial documents.

译文:

单据是指金融单据和/或商业单据。

金融单据是指汇票、本票、支票或其他类似的可用于取得款项支付的凭证。

商业单据是指发票、运输单据、所有权文件或其他类似的文件,或者不属于金融单据的任何其他单据。

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例17:

In the case of documents payable at sight the presenting bank must make presentation for payment without delay.

In the case of documents payable at a tenor other than sight the presenting bank must, where acceptance is called for, make presentation for acceptance without delay, and where payment is called for, make presentation for payment not later than the appropriate maturity date.

译文:

如果是见单即付的单据,提示行必须立即办理提示付款不得延误。

如果不是即期而是远期付款单据,提示行必须在不晚于应到期日,如是要承兑立即办理提示承兑、如是付款时立即办理提示付款。

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例18:

Parties to a dispute over a contract concluded with foreign element or over property rights and interests involving foreign element may, through written agreement, choose the court of the place which has practical connections with the dispute to exercise jurisdiction. If a people's court of the People's Republic of China is chosen to exercise jurisdiction, the provisions of this Law on jurisdiction by forum level and on exclusive jurisdiction shall not be violated.

译文:

涉外合同或者涉外财产权益纠纷的当事人,可以用书面协议选择与争议有实际联系的地点的法院管辖。选择中华人民共和国人民法院管辖的,不得违反本法关于级别管辖和专属管辖的规定。

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例19:

If a party fails to perform its obligations under a contract, or rendered non-conforming performance, it shall bear the liabilities for breach of contract by specific performance, cure of non-conforming performance or payment of damages, etc.

译文:

当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的,应当承担违约责任,继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等。

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例20:

A bill of lading is a document which serves as an evidence of the contract of carriage of goods by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, and based on which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrendering the same.

译文:

提单,是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船,以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。

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例21:

The shipowner shall discharge the goods at the port of discharge specified in the charter party.

Where the charter party contains a clause allowing the choice of the port of discharge by the charterer, the Master may choose one from the agreed picked ports to discharge the goods, in case the charterer did not, as agreed in the charter, instruct in time as to the port chosen for discharging the goods.

Where the charterer did not instruct in time as to the chosen port of discharge, as agreed in the charter, and the shipowner suffered losses thereby, the charterer shall be liable for compensation.

Where the charterer has suffered losses as a result of the shipowner's arbitrary choice of a port to discharge the goods, in disregard of the provisions in the relevant charter, the shipowner shall be liable for compensation.

译文:

出租人应当在合同约定的卸货港卸货。

合同订有承租人选择卸货港条款的,在承租人未按照合同约定及时通知确定的卸货港时,船长可以约定的选卸港中自行选定一港卸货。

承租人未按照合同约定及时通知确定的卸货港,致使出租人遭受损失的,应当负赔偿责任。

出租人未按照合同约定,擅自选定港口卸货致使承租人遭受损失的,应当负赔偿责任。

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例22:

Where the collection instruction expressly states that interest may not be waived and the drawee refuses to pay such interest, the presenting bank will not deliver document and will not be responsible for any consequences arising out of any delay in the delivery of document(s). When payment of interest has been refused, the presenting bank must inform by telecommunication or, if that is not possible, by other expeditious means without delay the bank from which the collection instruction was received.

译文:

如托收指示中明确地指明利息不得放弃而付款人拒付该利息,提示行将不交单,并对由此所引起的延迟交单所产生的后果将不承担责任。当利息已被拒付时,提示行必须以电讯,当不可能时可用其他便捷的方式通知曾向其发出托收指示的银行,不得延误。

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例23:

A time charter party is a contract under which the shipowner provides a designated manned ship to the charterer, and the charterer employs the ship during the contractual period for the agreed service against payment of hire.

译文:

定期租船合同,是指船舶出租人向承租人提供约定的由出租人配备船员的船舶,由承租人在约定的期间内按照约定的用途使用,并支付酬金的合同。

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例24:

Where a contract has been validly concluded but does not expressly or implicitly fix or make provision for determining the price, the parties are considered, in the absence of any indication to the contrary, to have impliedly made reference to the price generally charged at the time of the conclusion of the contract for such goods sold under comparable circumstances in the trade concerned.

译文:

如果合同已有效订立,但没有明示或暗示地规定价格或规定如何确定价格,在没有任何相反表示的情况下,双方当事人应视为已默认引用订立合同时此种货物在有关类似贸易情况下销售的通常价格。

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例25:

The parties may prescribe that if one party breaches the contract, it will pay a certain sum of liquidated damages to the other party in light of the degree of breach, or prescribe a method for calculation of damages for the loss resulting from a party's breach. Where the amount of liquidated damages prescribed is below the loss resulting from the breach, a party may petition the People's Court or an arbitration institution to increase the amount; where the amount of liquidated damages prescribed exceeds the loss resulting from the breach, a party may petition the People's Court or an arbitration institution to decrease the amount as appropriate. Where the parties prescribed liquidated damages for delayed performance, the breaching party shall, in addition to payment of the liquidated damages, render performance.

译文:

当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付一定数额的违约金,也可以约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法。约定的违约金低于造成的损失,当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以增加;约定的违约金高于造成的损失,当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以适当减少。当事人迟延履行约定违约金的,违约方支付违约金后,还应当履行义务。

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例26:

For the purpose of giving effect to the instructions of the principal, the remitting bank will utilize the bank nominated by the principal as the collecting bank. In the absence of such nomination, the remitting bank will utilize any bank of its own, or another bank's choice in the country of payment or acceptance or in the country where other terms and conditions have to be complied with.

译文:

为了使委托人的指示得以实现,寄单行将以委托人所指定的银行作为代收行。在未指定代收行时,寄单行将使用他自己的任何银行,或者在付款或承兑的国家中、或在必须遵守其他条件的国家中选择另外的银行。

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例27:

A party who was unable to perform a contract due to force majeure is exempted from liability in part or in whole in light of the impact of the event of force majeure, except otherwise provided by law. Where an event of force majeure occurred after the party's delay in performance, it is not exempted from liability.

For purposes of this Law, force majeure means any objective circumstance which is unforeseeable, unavoidable and insurmountable.

译文:

因不可抗力不能履行合同的,根据不可抗力的影响,部分或者全部免除责任,但法律另有规定的除外。当事人迟延履行后发生不可抗力的,不能免除其责任。

本法所称不可抗力,是指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况。

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例28:

Parties to a foreign related contract may select the applicable law for resolution of a contractual dispute, except otherwise provided by law. Where parties to the foreign related contract failed to select the applicable law, the contract shall be governed by the law of the country with the closest connection thereto.

For a Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Contract, Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Contract, or a Contract for Sino-foreign Joint Exploration and Development of Natural Resources which is performed within the territory of the People's Republic of China, the law of the People's Republic of China applies.

译文:

涉外合同的当事人可以选择处理合同争议所适用的法律,但法律另有规定的除外。涉外合同的当事人没有选择的,适用与合同有最密切联系的国家的法律。

在中华人民共和国境内履行的中外合资经营企业合同、中外合作经营企业合同、中外合作勘探开发自然资源合同,适用中华人民共和国法律。

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例29:

A contract of marine insurance is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes, as agreed, to indemnify the loss to the subject matter insured and the liability of the insured caused by perils covered by the insurance against the payment of an insurance premium by the insured.

译文:

海上保险合同,是指保险人按照约定,由被保险人支付保险费,对被保险人遭受保险事故造成保险标的的损失和产生的债务负责赔偿的合同。

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例30:

Goods should not be dispatched directly to the address of a bank or consigned to or to the order of a bank without prior agreement on the part of that bank.

Nevertheless, in the event that goods are dispatched directly to the address of a bank or consigned to or to the order of a bank for release to a drawee against payment or acceptance or upon other terms and conditions without prior agreement on the part of that bank, such bank shall have no obligation to take delivery of the goods, which remain at the risk and responsibility of the party dispatching the goods.

译文:

未经银行事先同意,货物不得以银行的地址直接发送给该银行、或者以该行作为收货人或者以该行为抬头人。

然而,如果未经银行事先同意而将货物以银行的地址直接发送给了该银行,或以该行做了收货人或抬头人,并请该行付款或承兑或凭其他条款将货物交付给付款人,该行将没有提取货物的义务,其风险和责任仍由发货方承担。

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例31:

Amounts collected (less charges and/or disbursements and/or expenses where applicable) must be made available without delay to the party from whom the collection instruction was received in accordance with the terms and conditions of the collection instruction.

译文:

收妥的款项(扣除手续费和/或支出和/或可能的花销)必须按照托收指示中规定的条件和条款付给从其收到托收指示的一方,不得延误。

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例32:

The parties may prescribe that a party will give a deposit to the other party as assurance for the obligee's right to performance in accordance with the Security Law of the People's Republic of China. Upon performance by the obligor, the deposit shall be set off against the price or refunded to the obligor. If the party giving the deposit failed to perform its obligations under the contract, it is not entitled to claim refund of the deposit; where the party receiving the deposit failed to perform its obligations under the contract, it shall return to the other party twice the amount of the deposit.

译文:

当事人可以依照《中华人民共和国担保法》约定一方向对方给付定金作为债权的担保。债务人履行债务后,定金应当抵作价款或者退回债务人。给付定金的一方不履行约定的义务的,无权要求返还定金;收受定金的一方不履行约定的债务的,应当双倍返还定金。

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例33:

(1) A contract may be modified or terminated by the mere agreement of the parties.

(2) A contract in writing which contains a provision requiring any modification or termination by agreement to be in writing may not be otherwise modified or terminated by agreement. However, a party may be precluded by his conduct from asserting such a provision to the extent that the other party has relied on that conduct.

译文:

(1)合同只需双方当事人同意,就可更改或终止。

(2)规定必须书面更改或终止协议的书面合同,不得以任何其它方式更改或终止协议。但是,一方当事人的行为,如经另一方当事人寄以信赖,就不得坚持此项规定。

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例34:

A debt represents a special relationship of rights and obligations established between the parties concerned, either according to the agreed terms of a contract or legal provisions. The party entitled to the rights shall be the creditor, and the party assuming the obligations shall be the debtor.

译文:

债务是按照合同的约定或者依照法律的规定,在当事人之间产生的特定的权利和义务关系,享有权利的人是债权人,负有义务的人是债务人。

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例35:

A contract shall be an agreement whereby the parties establish, change or terminate their civil relationship. Lawfully established contracts shall be protected by law.

译文:

合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事关系的协议。依法成立的合同,受法律保护。

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例36:

A contract of marine insurance comes into being after the insured puts forth a proposal for insurance and the insurer agrees to accept the proposal and the insurer and the insured agree on the terms and conditions of the insurance.

The insurer shall issue to the insured an insurance policy or other certificate of insurance in time, and the contents of the contract shall be contained therein.

Before the contract is concluded, the insured shall truthfully inform the insurer of the material circumstances which the insured has knowledge of or ought to have knowledge of in his ordinary business practice and which may have a bearing on the insurer in deciding the premium or whether he agrees to insure or not.

The insured needs not inform the insurer of the facts which the insurer has known of or the insurer ought to have knowledge of in his ordinary business practice if about which the insurer made no inquiry.

译文:

被保险人提出保险要求,经保险人同意承保,并就海上保险合同的条款达成协议后,海事保险合同成立。

保险人应当及时向被保险人签发保险单者其他保险单证,并在保险单或者其他保险单证中载明当事人双方约定的合同内容。

合同订立前,被保险人应当将其知道的或者在通常业务中应当知道的有关影响保险人据以确定保险费率或者确定是否同意承保的重要情况,如实告知保险人。

保险人知道或者在通常业务中应当知道的情况,保险人没有询问的,被保险人无须告知。

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例37:

Where the obligor delegates its obligations under a contract in whole or in part to a third person, such delegation is subject to consent by the obligee.

Where the obligor has delegated an obligation, the new obligor may avail itself of any of the original obligor's defenses against the obligee.

Where the obligor delegates an obligation, the new obligor shall assume any incidental obligation associated with the main obligation, except where such incidental obligation is exclusively personal to the original obligor.

译文:

债务人将合同的义务全部或者部分转移给第三人的,应当经债权人同意。

债务人转移义务的,新债务人可以主张原债务人对债权人的抗辩。

债务人转移义务的,新债务人应当承担与主债务有关的附随债务,但该附随债务专属于原债务人自身的除外。

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例38:

The defence and limitation of liability provided for in this Chapter shall apply to any legal action brought against the carrier with regard to the loss of or damage to or delay in delivery of the goods covered by the contract of carriage of goods by sea, whether the claimant is a party to the contract or whether the action is founded in contract or in tort.

译文:

就海上货物运输合同所涉及的货物丢失、损坏或者迟延交付对承运人提起的任何诉讼,不论海事请求人是否合同的一方,也不论是否根据合同或是根据侵权行为提起的,均适用本章关于承运人的抗辩理由和限制赔偿责任的规定。

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例39:

(1) If the seller, in accordance with the contract or this Convention, hands the goods over to a carrier and if the goods are not clearly identified to the contract by markings on the goods, by shipping documents or otherwise, the seller must give the buyer notice of the consignment specifying the goods.

(2) If the seller is bound to arrange for carriage of the goods, he must make such contracts that are necessary for carriage to the place fixed by means of transportation appropriate in the circumstances and according to the usual terms for such transportation.

(3) If the seller is not bound to effect insurance in respect of the carriage of the goods, he must, at the buyer's request, provide him with all available information necessary to enable him to effect such insurance.

译文:

(1)若卖方按合同或本公约的规定将货物交付给承运人,如果没有在货物上加标记、或在装运单据或以其它方式清楚地注明有关合同,卖方必须向买方发出说明货物的发货通知。

(2)若卖方有义务安排货物的运输,他必须订立必要的合同,按通常运输条件,用适合的运输工具,把货物运到指定地点。

(3)若卖方无义务对货物的运输办理保险,他必须在买方提出要求时,向买方提供一切现有的、必要资料,使他能够办理这种保险。

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例40:

If a person acts as manager or provides services in order to protect another person's interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so, he shall be entitled to claim from the beneficiary the expenses necessary for such assistance.

译文:

没有法定的或约定的义务,为避免他人利益受损失进行管理或者提供服务的人,有权要求受益人偿付由此而支付的必要费用。

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例41:

When shares are issued, the principles of openness, fairness, and equity shall be followed, and each share in the same class must have the same rights and receive the same interests.

For shares issued at the same time, each share shall be issued on the same conditions and at the same price. All entities or individuals subscribing for shares shall pay the same price for each share.

译文:

股份的发行,实行公开、公平、公正的原则,必须同股同权,同股同利。

同次发行的股票,每股的发行条件和价格应当相同。任何单位或者个人所认购的股份,每股应当支付相同价额。

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例42:

In order to establish a branch within China, a foreign company must appoint a representative or agent in charge of such branch within China, and fund its branch as appropriate in light of the nature of its intended business.

Where operation of certain branches of foreign companies is subject to a minimum level of funding, such level shall be prescribed separately.

译文:

外国公司在中国境内设立分支机构,必须在中国境内指定负责该分支机构的代表或者代理人,并向该分支机构拨付与其所从事的经营活动相适应的资金。

对外国公司分支机构的经营资金需要规定最低限额的,应另行规定。


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