概括大意与完成句子 实战演练 二

（二）Three Kinds of Loneliness

Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary (暂时的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic (长期的) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e. g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons. First of all, they are unhappy and unable to socialize with others like normal people. Besides, most importantly, there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

1. Paragraph 2________.

2. Paragraph 3________.

3. Paragraph 4________.

4. Paragraph 5________.

* * *

A. Two kinds of loneliness

B. Two reasons for assisting people with chronic loneliness

C. Temporary loneliness

D. Psychologists' agreement

E. Habitual loneliness

F. One reason for loneliness—socialization

* * *

5. Family problems can lead to________.

6. People with chronic loneliness think they can do nothing to________.

7. We rely on our friends to a great extent because________.

8. The most important reason for psychologists to help habitually lonely people is that________.

* * *

A. improve their ability of socializing with other people

B. temporary loneliness

C. situational loneliness

D. go out with people

E. this kind of loneliness can lead to serious illness

F. we have common interests

* * *

［答案解析］

1．A。［解析］第二段没有主题句，但迅速浏览全段我们会发现The first kind of loneliness和The second kind这两个短语，这足以说明该段阐述了两种类型的孤独症。选项A与其意思一致，故A为正确答案。

2．E。［解析］第三段主题句为第一句：The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. 句子意为：第三种孤独症是最为严重的。继续阅读该段会发现这种孤独症也被称做habitual loneliness或是chronic loneliness，由此推断E为正确答案。

3．F。［解析］第四段主题句为第一句：Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e. g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. 句子意为：心理学家一致认为导致孤独症的一个重要因素是人们与朋友、家人以及同事间的社会交际。选项F与其意思一致，故F为正确答案。

4．B。［解析］第五段主题句为第一句：Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons. 句子意为：心理学家正试图找到治疗习惯性孤独症患者的方法，这主要出于两个原因。该段在后边分别阐述了这两个原因。这里正如在第二题中所提到的，习惯性孤独症又名长期性孤独症。故B选项为正确答案。

5．C。［解析］根据题目线索词family problems可将原文定位至第二段第四句：The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. 由此可推断，情境性孤独症可由特定情境导致，比如，家庭问题、爱人的离世、搬家等。故可确定C为正确答案。

6．A。［解析］根据题目线索词people with chronic loneliness可将原文定位至第三段，进而根据题目意思定位至最后一句：Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition. 这里their condition指代上文中的problems socializing and becoming close to others，选项A与其表达一致，故A为正确答案。

7．F。［解析］根据题目线索词friends可将原文定位至第四段第三句后半部分and our friends share similar interests and activities，而前面提到We depend on various people for different reasons，由此可推断，我们依赖于朋友是因为我们拥有共同的爱好，这与选项F意思一致，故F为正确答案。

8．E。［解析］根据“题目顺序与段落顺序基本保持一致”这一出题规律，我们将原文锁定至最后一段，其中提到most importantly, there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease，由此可推断，长期性孤独症即习惯性孤独症可能会导致严重的疾病。故可确定E为正确答案。