初中·课本中不会教你的 572 宾语从句可以用哪些词引导
572 宾语从句可以用哪些词引导
宾语从句是作及物动词或介词宾语的句子。宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，要根据主句的时态和句义作相应的变化。宾语从句一定要用陈述句语序。宾语从句要用引导词引导，引导词有下面几种。
1 用that 引导的宾语从句。
原句如果是陈述句，变为宾语从句时，要用that引导。that引导宾语从句时，本身没有词义，只起引导作用，也常可省略。
Jack is from Nanjing. She says.
She says （that ） Jack is from Nanjing. 她说杰克来自南京 。
He studies very hard. She told me.
She told me (that) he studied very hard. 她告诉我他学习非常努力 。（主句是过去时，从句谓语动词要用过去有关时态 ）
Jim will go there soon. She said.
She said (that) Jim would go there soon. 她说吉姆不久就将去那里 。（从句改用过去将来时）
2 用if或whether引导的宾语从句 。
原句如果是一般疑问句，变为宾语从句时，要用if或whether引导，并把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。
注意：①if或whether不可省略，②用了if或whether，不可再用that。
Is he a worker? She asks.
She asks if he is a worker. 她问他是不是个工人 。
Does he live in the room? She wanted to know.
She wanted to know if he lived in the room. 她想知道他是否住在这间房里 。（主句为过去时，从句要用过去有关时态 ）
Will Tom try again?She asked me.
She asked me whether Tom would try again. （正）她问我汤姆是否将再试一次 。
She asked me whether Tom will try again? （误）
She asked me whether would Tom try again. （误）
She asked me that whether Tom would try again. （误）
3 用who, whom, whose, which, what, how many, how much等关系代词引导的宾语从句。
如果原句是由who等构成的特殊疑问句，变为宾语从句时，仍然用who等引导，并将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，但如果关系代词本身作主语或修饰主语，则语序不变。
注意：①who等不可省略，②用了who等不可再用that。
Who is the man over there? He asks.
He asks who the man is over there. 他问那边那个人是谁 。（who作表语 ）
Who is reading in the room?She asks.
She asks who is reading in the room. 她问谁在房间里读书 。（who作主语 ）
What book is he reading? She asked.
She asked what book he was reading. 她问他在读什么书 。（what作宾语的定语，时态也相应变化 ）
What has happened to him? She asked.
She asked what had happened to him. 她问他发生了什么事 。（what作主语，时态也应变化 ）
How much money does he have? She asked me.
She asked me how much money he had. 她问我他有多少钱 。（how much作宾语的定语，时态也相应变化）
4 用where, when, why等疑问副词引导的宾语从句。
如果原句是由where等疑问副词引导的特殊疑问句，变为宾语从句时，仍然用where等引导，并把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。
注意：①where等不可省略，②用了where等词，不可再用that。
Where does he work? She asks.
She asks where he works. 她问他在哪里工作 。
When will Jim return? She asked.
She asked when Jim would return. 她问吉姆什么时候回来 。（时态作相应变化 ）
How did Tom do it? She asked.
She asked how Tom had done it. 她问汤姆是怎样做那件事的 。（时态作相应变化 ）
提示
如果原句是祈使句肯定式，改为宾语时，要转化为不定式肯定式，即to do sth.；如果原句是祈使句否定式，改为宾语时，要转化为不定式否定式，即not to do sth.。
注意：①不定式前不可加that等引导词，②原句中的please要去掉，③不定式不受句中谓语时态的影响，④如果原句中有称呼语，要把这个称呼语改为宾语，⑤原句中的said要改为asked, told等。
Please close the window. He asks Tom.
He asks Tom to close the window. （正）他要汤姆把窗户关上。
He asks Tom to please close the window. （误）
老师告诉她不要说那么快。
Don't speak so fast. The teacher told her. （正）
The teacher told her not to speak so fast. （正）
The teacher told her don't speak so fast. （误）
“Jim , have a cup of tea”, he said . “吉姆，喝杯茶”，他说。
He asked Jim to have a cup of tea. 他要吉姆喝杯茶。
