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初中英语必考2000词 A a→awful

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2022年05月12日

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初中英语必考2000词 A a→awful

a(an) [eɪ(æn);ə(ən) ] art. & a. 一,一个,一只,一件

拓  a用于以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词或字母前。

配  a few (of) 一些,少量(sugar)

a little 一点,少许(time)

a lot of 许多,大量(money/presents)

a pair of 一对,一双(shoes)

例  I'm not sure about the meaning of the word. You'd better look it up in a dictionary. 我不确定这个字的意思,你最好查字典。(2010·沈阳)

A low-carbon lifestyle has an effect on our daily life. 低碳生活方式影响了我们日常生活。(2010·哈尔滨)

ability [əˈbɪləti ] n. 能力,才能

拓  able a. 有能力的;能干的 inability n. 无能,无力

配  to the best of one's ability 竭尽全力

例  We have all been given the ability to make a difference to shape the future. 我们每个人都赋予了改变世界、塑造未来的能力。(2011·荆州)

able [ˈeɪbl ] a. 有能力的;能干的

拓  enable vt. 使能够

配  be able to do sth. 能够做某事

例  If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me by phone. 如果你明天能够拿到票,请通过电话告诉我。(2011·上海)

The boy was able to dress himself when he was very young. 这个男孩很小的时候就能给自己穿衣服(2011·哈尔滨)

about [əˈbaʊt ] ad. 大约;到处,四处 prep. 关于;在各处,四处

配  be about to 即将

How about…? 怎么样了?你看……怎么样?

What about…? ……怎样?

例  On the steps of one building, a group of engineering students were discussing the exam that was about to begin. 一幢教学楼的台阶上,一群工科生正在谈论即将开始的考试。(2011·镇江)

When Robert was a student in high school, his teacher asked him to write a composition about what he wanted to do when he grew up. 当罗伯特还是高中生的时候,他的老师要他写一篇关于他长大后想做什么的作文。(2012·大连)

above [əˈbʌv ] prep. 在……上面

拓  below prep. 在……下面

配  above all 最重要的

例  Ice turns into water when the temperature is above 0℃. 气温在零摄氏度以上时,冰变为水。(2011·镇江)

abroad [əˈbrɔːd ] ad. 到国外;在国外

拓  aboard 在船(飞机、车)上,上船(飞机、车)

配  from abroad 从国外,从海外 go abroad 出国

例  When we do buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad . 当我们买东西的时候,如可能的话,要选择当地的产品,尽量不买很多国外产品。(2011·盐城)

She has gone abroad , hasn't she? 她已经出国了,是吗?(2012·苏州)

absent [ˈæbsənt ] a. 缺席的,不在的

构  ab(离开)+sent(esse拉丁词根表存在)

拓  absence n. 缺席 absent-minded a. 心不在焉的present a. 出席的,当面的

配  be absent from 缺席

例  Miss. Evans thought it was wrong for her students to be absent from the lecture. 埃文斯小姐认为她的学生们缺课是不对的。(2005·宁夏)

absence [ˈæbsəns ] n. 不在,缺席

构  absen(t)(a. 缺席的)+ce(名词后缀)

拓  presence n. 出席,到场,存在

配  in the absence of 缺乏……时;当……不在时

例  Absence makes the heart fonder. 久别情更深。

In the absence of a will the courts decide who the guardian. 在没有遗嘱的情况下,由法庭指定监护人。

accent [ˈæksənt ] n. 口音;重音;腔调

拓  pronunciation n. 发音

例  Daming and Lingling found their accents really difficult to understand. 大明和玲玲觉得他们的口音很难懂。(2012·大连)

accept [əkˈsept ] vt. 接受,认可

拓  acceptance n. 接受 acceptable a. 可接受的,合意的 receive vt. 收到

例  Perhaps we parents should stop trying to brainwash children into accepting our taste in literature 也许我们家长应该试着阻止自己对孩子洗脑,不再强迫他们接受我们的文学口味。(2011·黄冈)

accident [ˈæksɪdənt ] n. 事故,意外事件

拓  accidental a. 意外的,非主要的,附属的

配  by accident 意外地,偶然地

a traffic accident 交通事故

例  He met with an old schoolmate of his by accident at the railway. 他在火车站偶然遇到了他的一位老校友。(2012·烟台)

Eighteen kids died in the school bus accident in Gansu Province. It's the most serious one that I have ever heard of. 在甘肃省有18个孩子死于校车事故,这是我所听说的最严重的一例。(2012·广州)

according [əˈkɔːdɪŋ ] ad. 依照,根据 a. 相符的,和谐的 prep. 根据;据……所示/说

构  accord(n. 一致,符合)+ing

拓  accordingly ad. 照着;相应地

配  according to 根据;据……所示/说

例  According to a recent survey microbes as well as fingerprints could be used to identify the criminal. 根据最近的一项调查,手上的细菌和指纹可以用来辨别罪犯。(2011·深圳)

ache [eɪk ] vi. & n. 痛,疼痛

拓  headache 头痛 toothache 牙痛

配  ache for 渴望

例  She felt an ache in her back. 她感到后背隐隐作痛。

He ached for her friendship. 他渴望和她交朋友。

achieve [əˈtʃiːv ] vt. 完成;实现;达到;取得

拓  achievable a. 做得成的,可完成的,可有成就的 achievement n. 成绩,成就 achiever n. 成功者

例  According to the survey, many students were willing to work hard to achieve their aims. 据调查,许多学生都会为了实现自己的目标而努力学习。(2012·烟台)

You will achieve nothing unless you work hard. 你如果不努力,你将一事无成。(2011·青岛)

across [əˈkrɒs ] prep. 横过……;在……的对面 ad. 从一边到另一边

构  a(表示加强)+cross(v. 横穿)

配  come across 偶然发现;偶然遇到

例  The boy is a good swimmer. He can swim across the wide river. 这男孩很会游泳,他能游过这条宽河。(2012·深圳)

The old woman walked across the road carefully. 这位老妇人小心地穿过马路。(2011·扬州)

act [ækt ] n. 行动,动作;法令 vi. 行动;做,做事;表演 vt. 扮演(角色)

配  act as(临时)担任,充当,起……的作用

例  We must act now because time is running out. 时间不多了,我们必须立即行动。(2011·苏州)

They hoped that government would act quickly to conserve nature. 他们希望政府能够快速地采取行动以保护自然。(2011·南宁)

action [ˈækʃn ] n. 行动

构  act(v. 行动)+tion(名词后缀)

配  take action 采取行动

例  The answer is to control your actions and try not to get upset. 答案就是控制你的行为并且尽量避免沮丧。(2012·长沙)

I like action movies best, but I don't like comedies and documentaries. 我最喜欢动作片,但我不喜欢喜剧片和纪录片。(2009·厦门)

actor [ˈæktə ] n. (男)演员

构  act(v. 表演)+or(名词后缀表特定事情的人或物)

例  As a well-known actor , are you feeling happy? 作为著名演员,你感觉开心吗?(2010·青岛)

actress [ˈæktrəs ] n. 女演员

构  act(v. 表演)+ress(名词后缀表示女性)

例  The actress is already 50, but she looks much younger than she really is. 这位女演员已经50岁了,但她看起来比她实际年龄要年轻得多。(2011·广州)

active [ˈæktɪv ] a. 积极的,主动的;勤奋的

拓  actively ad. 活跃地,积极地

例  They should also take an active part in social activities . 他们也应该积极参加一些社会活动。(2011·宜昌)

On the train the British often spend their time reading newspapers or books.But Americans are more active and easier to talk with. 在火车上,英国人经常靠读报或读书来打发时间,但美国人却更活跃,也使人易于和他们交谈。(2010·哈尔滨)

activity [ækˈtɪvəti ] n. 活动

构  act(v. 活动)+ivity(名词后缀)

例  Anyone who sings well can take part in the activity in our school. 任何唱歌好的人都可以参加我们学校的活动。(2011·陕西)

add [æd ] vt. 添加,增加

拓  addition n. 增加;〈数学〉加法

配  add up to 总计达

例  Pace and pause add color to your speech. 节奏和停顿为你的演讲增色。(2011·成都)

Many Americans choose to add sugar to sweeten the drink. 许多美国人会加些糖来增加甜甜的口感。(2010·兰州)

address [əˈdres ] n. 发言,致词;正式演讲,演说;地址,住址

拓  addresser n. 发信人,发件人,发言人

addressee n. 受信人,收件人

例  If anybody calls, tell them I'm out and ask them to leave their name and addresses . 如果有人打电话来,告诉他们我出去了,请他们留下他们的姓名和地址。(2011·扬州)

advantage [ədˈvɑːntɪʤ ] n. 有利条件,有利因素;优势 vt. 有利于,使处于有利地位

拓  disadvantage n. 不利,不利条件,缺点,劣势

配  gain/have an advantage over 胜过,优于

take advantage of 利用

例  The advantages of texting are obvious. These advantages are so amazing that many people are crazy about it. 短信的优点是显而易见的,这些惊人的优点使人们疯狂迷恋于它。(2012·温州)

advertisement [ədˈvɜ:tɪsmənt ] n. 广告

构  advertise(v. 为……做广告,登广告)+ment(名词后缀)

拓  advertise v. 为……做广告,登广告

例  They handed out lots of advertisements to lead people to buy their products last month. 为了让人们购买他们的商品,上个月他们发了一些广告。(2011·包头)

advice [ədˈvaɪs ] n. 忠告,劝告,建议

拓  advise vt. 忠告,劝告,建议

配  give sb. advice on (doing) sth. 就(做)某事向某人提出建议

take (follow/listen to) one's advice 接受(遵从/听从)某人的建议

ask for one's advice 征询某人意见

ask sb. for advice on sth. 在某事上征询某人意见

例  Post your problems on the blog and get other bloggers' advice ! 把你的问题写在博客上可以得到其他博客写手的建议。(2012·大连)

She not only gives them medicine care but also provides advice on how to relax from busy work. 她不仅给予他们药物治疗还提供如何从忙碌工作中放松的建议。(2012·广州)

advise [ədˈvaɪz ] vt. 忠告,劝告,建议

拓  advice n. 忠告,劝告,建议

配  advise (sb.) against doing sth. 建议(某人)不做某事

advise sb. on sth. 对于某事给某人忠告

例  My doctor advised me to take the medicine twice a day, in the morning and evening. 我的医生建议我每天吃两次药,早上和晚上各一次。(2011·杭州)

The main purpose of this passage is to advise on how to deal with nervousness. 这篇短文的主要目的是就如何应付紧张提出建议。(2011·广州)

afford [əˈfɔːd ] vt. 负担得起(……的费用);提供

配  can't afford to 负担不起

例  I can't even afford to buy a small house. 我甚至买不起一个小房子。(2011·宜昌)

I knew we needed to find that shoe, for our mother couldn't afford new shoes. 我知道我们需要找到那只鞋,因为我们的母亲买不起一双新鞋。(2011·舟山)

afraid [əˈfreɪd ] a. 害怕的;担心的

拓  afraid 只用作表语,不用作定语

配  be afraid of 害怕, 担心

例  I used to be afraid of the dark so I want to sleep with the light on. 我以前怕黑所以我想开着灯睡觉。(2011·厦门)

Africa [ˈæfrɪkə ] n. 非洲

例  There are rainforests in many parts of the world but the biggest forests are in South America, Africa and South East Asia. 世界上许多地方都有热带雨林,然而最大的热带雨林位于南美洲、非洲和东南亚。(2012·盐城)

African [ˈæfrɪkən ] a. 非洲的,非洲人的 n. 非洲人

例  Obama was born to an African father and a white American woman from a small town in the US in 1961. 奥巴马生于1961年,随他的非洲裔父亲和美国籍白人妈妈出生在美国的一个小镇。(2009·烟台)

after [ˈɑːftə ] ad. 在后;后来 prep. 在……之后;在……后面 conj. 在……以后

拓  before ad. 在前,以前 prep. 在……之前 conj. 在……之前

配  after all 终究,毕竟

one after another 一个接一个的

time after time 再三,常常

after a while(过了)一会儿

look after 照顾

例  —I'm sorry. I didn't do a good job.

—That's OK. You did your best after all.

——抱歉。我没干好。

——没关系。毕竟你尽力了。(2009·杭州)

afternoon [ˌɑːftəˈnuːn ] n. 下午,午后

构  after(prep. 在……后)+noon(n. 中午)

配  in the afternoon 在下午

on Monday afternoon 在星期一下午

on the afternoon of 在某天下午

例  However, in the afternoon , when we finished our picnic at one o'clock, it was dark and windy. 然而,在下午一点我们结束野餐的时候,天色变得阴沉并且开始刮风。(2012·河北)

Obama spent 50 minutes in the Forbidden City on the afternoon of 17th November.11月17日下午,奥巴马花了50分钟在紫禁城参观。(2010·昆明)

afterwards [ˈɑːftəwədz ] ad. 然后,后来地

拓  backwards ad. 向后 forwards ad. 向前

例  She then decided to become a nurse. Afterwards for five years she worked in an English hospital where she proved to be highly professional at her job. 那个时候她就决定成为一名护士,在后来的五年,她在一家英国医院工作,在那里证明了她在工作上超高的专业水平。(2011·温州)

again [əˈɡen ] ad. 再一次;再,又

配  again and again 一次又一次地,反复地,再三地

now and again 时而,偶尔,有时

例  They try again and again until they succeed. 他们一再尝试直到成功。(2012·武汉)

against [əˈɡenst,əˈɡeɪnst ] prep. 对着;反对

拓  be for 支持 be against 反对

例  Are you against building a new zoo in the town? 你们反对在城里建一个新的动物园吗?(2012·烟台)

He walked right under a ladder standing against a building. 他走在斜靠在建筑物上的梯子的正下方。(2011·吉林)

age [eɪʤ ] n. 年龄;时代;老年

拓  aged a. 年老的 middle-aged a. 中年的

配  at the age of 在……岁时

for ages 很长的时间,很久

例  It is hard to say, but 53 is surely not the age to retire。这很难说,但是53岁绝对不是要退休的年龄。(2012·广州)

Susan joined an art club at the age of six and paints well. 苏姗在六岁时参加了一个艺术俱乐部并且画画很好。(2011·广元)

ago [əˈɡəʊ ] ad. 以前

拓  ago 用于一般过去时,它所指的时间是从现在算起

before 一般用于过去完成时,所指的时间从过去某一时刻算起

配  long ago 很久以前,从前

例  Paper was first made in China about 2,000 years ago . 纸在大约2000年前首先由中国制造。(2011·昆明)

But long ago people didn't eat potatoes. 但是很久以前人们不吃马铃薯。(2009·河北)

agree [əˈgriː ] v. 同意,应允

拓  disagree vi. 不同意

配  agree to 同意(计划、安排、意见之类的名词或动词原形,表示愿意协助工作)

agree with 与……(意见)一致(接人,也可接意见、看法等,但不含有协助的意思)

例  I agree with you. In this way, we can make fewer mistakes. 我同意你的意见,只有这样我们才能比较少地犯错误。(2011·成都)

agreement [əˈgriːmənt ] n. 同意,一致(认为);协定,协议

构  agree(v. 同意)+ment(名词后缀)

拓  disagreement n. 不同意

配  arrive at /come to / reach / make an agreement 取得一致意见

例  We are in agreement that the meeting should be put off till tomorrow. 我们一致同意将会议推迟到明天。(2009·烟台)

The two cities have reached an agreement to develop science and technology. 这两个城市在发展科学技术方面达成协议。(2011·盐城)

ahead [əˈhed ] ad. 在前;向前;预先

构  a(前缀表示“在,向”)+head(n. 头)

配  ahead of 在……前面,先于

go ahead 表示同意,放手干

例  —Jack, would you mind if I use your ipad?

—Of course not, go ahead .

——杰克,你介意我用一下你的ipad吗?

——当然不会介意,用吧。(2011·大庆)

A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves. 在我前面有一对看画的年轻夫妇,他们之间聊个不停。(2012·武汉)

aid [eɪd ] n. (U)救助;援助;救护(C)辅助物;辅助设备

拓  help n. 帮助 first-aid 急救的,急救用的 band-aid 创可贴

配  by /with the aid of 借助于,通过……的帮助

例  The girl handed the band-aid tightly held in her hand to the neighbor. 女孩把紧攥在手里的创可贴递给了邻居。(2008·武汉)

He should be able to read this without the aid of a dictionary. 他应当能够不用字典就读懂这个。

aim [eɪm ] vi. 瞄准;对准;致力于;旨在 vt. 把……瞄准;把……对准 n. 瞄准;对准

配  aim at 瞄准,旨在

例  According to the survey, many students were willing to work hard to achieve their aims . 据调查,许多学生都会为了实现自己的目标而努力学习。(2012·烟台)

The Dragon's Heart Foundation aims to meet the needs of poor children and the elderly in the hardest-to-reach areas of the country. 龙之心基金旨在满足那些在偏远、最难企及地区的贫穷孩子及老人们的需求。(2009·常州)

air [eə ] n. 空气;气氛;飞机;航空

拓  airless a. 空气不流通的

配  by air 乘飞机 in the air 在空中,渺茫的 in the open air 在户外,在露天

例  There are so many students here, so we want to keep the air nice and clean. 这里有许多学生,所以我想让空气非常干净。(2011·襄阳)

If it had been fine yesterday, we could have watched that air show. 如果昨天天气好的话,我们本可能会看航空展览的。(2011·十堰)

airline [ˈeəlaɪn ] n. 航空公司;(飞机)航线 a. (飞机)航线的

构  air(n. 航空)+line(n. 线路)

例  Mothers today serve as presidents, CEOs, university teachers and airline pilots. 如今,母亲们可能当总统、执行总裁、大学教授及航空公司飞行员。(2009·河北)

airmail [ˈeəmeɪl ] n. 航空邮件

构  air(n. 航空)+mail(n. 邮件)

例  Can you tell me how much it cost to send this postcard to New York by airmail ? 你能告诉我用航空邮寄这张明信片要多少钱吗?(2011·台州)

airplane [ˈeəpleɪn ] n. 〈美〉飞机

构  air(n. 飞机)+plane(n. 飞机)→airplane(飞机)

例  On December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers made the first successful airplane flight on a windy beach at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. 莱特兄弟于1903年12月17日在北卡罗来纳州的基蒂霍克一个多风的海滩成功地试飞了第一架飞机。(2012·烟台)

Airplane food changes every season and is very delicious. 飞机上的饭菜随季节而改变而且很美味可口。(2011·青岛)

airport [ˈeəpɔːt ] n. 航空站,机场

构  air(n. 航空)+port(n. 港口)

例  —Oh, the traffic is so heavy.

—Let's change another route to the airport .

——哦,交通太拥挤。

——我们换别的路线去机场吧。(2011·连云港)

alive [əˈlaɪv ] a. 活着的,存在的

拓  dead a. 死的

alive 表示“活着的”,可以作表语、后置定语或补足语但不作前置定语

live 作形容词时,表示“现场的;活着的”,可以作前置定语

lively 表示“生动的,活泼的”,可以作定语、表语或宾补

living 表示“活着的”,可以作表语或前置定语。

例  The Mangrove Rivulus is a type of fish that can stay alive for months out of water. 红树林鳉是一种小型热带鱼,能够脱离水域在陆地上存活数月。(2011·包头)

all [ɔːl ] a. 全部的 pron. 全体;(整体中的)每一个;一切 n. 所有的一切

配  all kinds of 各种各样的

all over 遍布

all right 行,可以

not at all 根本不

in all 总共

例  Nobody teaches me English. I learn it all by myself. 没有人教我英语,我全部是自学的。(2011·清远)

The story is interesting and all of us are interested in it. 这个故事有趣,我们所有人都对它感兴趣。(2011·铜仁)

allow [əˈlaʊ ] vt. 允许,准许;承认

拓  permit v. 允许

配  allow for 虑及,体谅

例  Driving after drinking wine isn't allowed in China. 在中国禁止酒后驾车。(2011·陕西)

We should allow for unexpected difficulty. 我们应考虑到可能出现意想不到的困难。

almost [ˈɔːlməʊst ] ad. 几乎,差不多

拓  nearly ad. 几乎

例  —Is Bohai Bridge open to the public yet?

— Yes. It has been open for almost one and a half months.

——渤海大桥对公众开放了吗?

——是的,渤海大桥已经被开放将近一个半月了。(2011·阜康)

alone [əˈləʊn ] a. 单独的;仅仅(用于名词或代词后)ad. 单独地

拓  lonely 寂寞的,孤寂的(可用作表语或定语)

配  leave/let…alone 顺其自然,不要去管

let alone 更不用说

例  His grandparents live alone in a small house, but they don't feel lonely. 他的爷爷奶奶单独住在一个小房子里,但是并不感到孤独。(2011·雅安)

along [əˈlɒŋ ] ad. 向前;和……一起,一同 prep. 沿着,顺着

配  all along 始终,一直

along with 与……一道

get along (well) with 进展,相处融洽

例  Yesterday evening, I was walking along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher. 昨天晚上我在街上散步时,遇到了我的数学老师。(2011·广州)

Tom, along with three other boys, was seen playing football a moment ago. 刚才有人看到汤姆和另外三个小孩在踢足球。(2011·宁夏)

aloud [əˈlaʊd ] ad. 大声地;出声地

构  a(前缀,表示向着,至)+loud(a. 大声)→aloud(大声地;出声地)

拓  loud a. 大声的,响亮的  ad. 大声地,响亮地 loudly ad. 大声地,高声地

例  Do you read English aloud every day? 你每天大声读英语吗?(2009·宁波)

already [ɔːlˈredi ] ad. 已经

拓  already表示“已经”,其惊讶于某事比预期发生得早,在问句中表示意外、惊讶的程度更强;yet表示“尚(未),已经”用于否定句、疑问句中,谈论将要发生的事情。

例  —Peter doesn't mind lending you his camera.

—He needn't. I've already borrowed one.

——彼得不介意将他的照相机借给你。

——不必了。我已经借到一架了。(2011·无锡)

also [ˈɔːlsəʊ ] ad. 也

拓  also, too, as well 都有“也,而且”的意思;too 常用于句尾,可用逗号,也可不用;as well 一般置于句末。

配  not only…but also 不但……而且

例  This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I am good at drawing. 这是我的孪生姐妹露西,不仅她还有我都擅长画画。(2011·绥化)

They can not only watch the games but also take a short trip there. 他们不仅能够观看比赛还可以在那里进行短途旅行。(2012·温州)

although [ɔːlˈðəʊ ] conj. 虽然,尽管

拓  although和though用作连词,都表示“虽然”,两者大致同义,可换用,只是although比though更为正式;although一般不用作副词,而though可用作副词,意为“可是”。

例  They will try their best in the Dragon Boat Racing although they may fail. 在龙舟赛中他们将尽最大的努力,尽管他们可能失败。(2011·南京)

altogether [ˌɔːltəˈgeðə ] ad. 完全地,总而言之

拓  together ad. 一起,共同,协力

例  Canada and Costa Rica confirmed their first death case on Saturday, so there are altogether 4 countries which have reported confirmed human death cases. 加拿大和哥斯达黎加在星期六确认了他们的第一例死亡病例,由此总共有四个国家报道了已证实的死亡病例。(2009·烟台)

always [ˈɔːlweɪz ] ad. 总是;一直,永远

拓  usually ad. 通常

often ad. 经常,常常

sometimes ad. 有时,不时

seldom ad. 很少;不常

never ad. 从来不、未曾

例  —Miss Zhou is very popular with the students.

—Yes. Her classes are always lively and interesting.

——周老师很受学生欢迎。

——是的,她的课总是很生动有趣。(2011·莆田)

am [æm ] v. be 动词形式之一(第一人称单数的现在时)n. 早上,上午;(广播)调幅

拓  is v. be 动词形式之一(第三人称单数的现在时)

are v. be 动词形式之一(第二人称单数的现在时,各人称复数的现在时)

p.m. 下午,午后

例  I am going to make a special house for my pet pig this weekend. 本周末我打算为我的宠物猪做一个特别的房子。(2011·株洲)

—Excuse me. Is the library open all day?

—Sorry, I'm afraid not. Only from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m..

——打扰了,请问图书馆是全天开放的吗?

——对不起,恐怕不是的,开放时间只从上午8点到下午4点。(2011·兰州)

amazed [əˈmeɪzd ] a. 大为惊奇

构  amaze(vt. 使吃惊)+(e)d(过去分词表示感到)

配  be amazed at/by 对……感到吃惊

例  At the same time, you'll be amazed to see how much they like you.同时,你会惊讶地发现他们有多么地喜欢你。(2010·哈尔滨)

I was amazed at her ability to cope with the difficult situation. 她对付困境的能力使我惊讶。

amazing [əˈmeɪzɪŋ ] a. 令人惊异的;了不起的;好得惊人的

构  amaz(e)(vt. 使吃惊)+ing(现在分词表示令人)

例  —How amazing the noodle is!

—Yes, it is 1,704 meters long, and breaks the Guinness World Record as the longest handmade noodle.

——这面条太令人惊讶了!

——是的,它有1704米长,作为最长的手工面条打破了吉尼斯纪录。(2011·连云港)

America [əˈmerɪkə ] n. 美国;美洲

例  She used to work in America for three years and is good at doing heart operations. 她过去在美国工作了三年,擅长做心脏手术。(2012·广州)

American [əˈmerɪkən ] a. 美国的;美国人的 n. 美国人

例  Melvin Sheppard, 14, an American student, has done charity work for eight years. 梅尔文·谢普德,一位14岁的美国学生已经做慈善工作8年了。(2012·大连)

among [əˈmʌŋ ] prep. 在……中间;在(三个以上)之间

拓  among 用于“三者或三者以上之间”;between 则用于“两者之间”

例  The story that I read the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers. 在报纸上我读的故事是关于青少年中的一个普遍的问题。(2012·广州)

ancestor [ˈænsɪstə ] n. 祖先,祖宗

构  ance(前缀表示先,前)+(ce)st(行)+or(人)

拓  descendant n. 后代,后裔

例  She has worshipped her ancestor . 她已拜过她的祖先。

ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt ] a. 古代的,古老的

拓  ancient art 古代艺术

例  Sometimes, ancient techniques can also help cut down energy use. 有时候,古老的技术也可以帮助减少能源消耗。(2011·沈阳)

and [ænd,ənd ] conj. 和;又;而

配  and so on 等等

例  Factors affecting our attention are personal interest, experience, ability, feelings, knowledge, environment, timing, and so on. 影响我们注意力的因素有个人兴趣、经历、能力、情绪、知识、环境和时机,等等。(2012·深圳)

He has big eyes and a wide mouth. 他有大大的眼睛和一张大嘴。(2011·福州)

angry [ˈæŋɡri ] a. 生气的,发怒的

构  anger(n. 生气)+y(形容词后缀,表示多……的)

拓  anger n. 生气,愤怒 angrily ad. 生气地;发怒地

配  be/get angry with sb. (at/about sth.) 对某人(因某事)而生气

例  Grandmother got angry with Peter when she saw the paint on the floor. 当祖母看到地上的油漆时,她对彼得生气了。(2011·上海)

My mom is starting to get really angry about it. 我的母亲开始对此事生气了。(2010·宁夏)

animal [ˈænɪml ] n. 动物

配  wild animal 野生动物 rare animal 稀有动物

例  In 1998, she set up the Animal Foundation. 1998年,她建立了动物基地。(2011·黄冈)

another [əˈnʌðə ] a. 再一的;不同的 pron. 又一个,再一个

拓  another泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词

other 别的,其他的

the other 指两个人或物中的一个

others 是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”

the others是the other的复数形式,意思是“其他东西,其余的人”。

配  one another 彼此,互相

one after another ad. 接连地;一个接一个地

例  Wait before you buy that computer. Let's compare prices at another store. 等等再买那台电脑,我们再去另一家店比较下价格吧。(2012·武汉)

The banana pie tastes delicious. Could I have another one? 这个香蕉派尝起来味道很好,我能再要一个吗?(2011·潍坊)

answer [ˈɑːnsə ] n. 答复;答案(v. 答复;回信

拓  reply 表示“回答”,较answer正式

配  answer for 对……负有责任

例  The answer is to control your actions and try not to get upset. 答案就是控制你的行为,尽量避免焦虑。(2012·长沙)

He has read many books on history, so it's easy for him to answer these questions. 他读了很多历史方面的书籍,所以他回答这些问题轻而易举。(2011·陕西)

ant [ænt ] n. 蚂蚁

配  have ants in one's pants 坐立不安

例  When you look into an ant hole, who knows how many ants there are? 当你向一个蚂蚁窝张望时,谁会知道那里面有多少蚂蚁?

any [ˈeni ] pron. (无论)哪一个;任何的;(用于疑问句、否定句)一些 a. 任何的

拓  表示“任何”意义时,any指三者或三者以上的任何一个,不能指两者中的任何一个(指两者中的任意一个,要用either)。在表示请求或邀请的疑问句中,一般要用some,而不用any。如:Why not give her some flowers? 为什么不给她送些花呢?

配  any more 还,更 not any more 不再 not any longer 不再

例  I am out of breath. I can't go any further. 我喘不过气来了,再也无法向前走了。(2011·常州)

Did you have any problems on your journey? 你在旅途中遇到什么困难了吗?(2011·无锡)

anybody [ˈeniˌbɒdi ] pron. 任何人,无论谁

构  any(pron. 任何的)+body(人)

拓  anybody 只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不能接of短语。若是指物或后接of短语,可用any one(分开写)。

例  I didn't see anybody just sit doing nothing. 我没有看见有谁无所事事闲坐。(2011·成都)

If anybody calls, tell them I'm out and ask them to leave their name and addresses. 如果有人来电话,告诉他们我出去了,请他们留下姓名和地址。(2011·扬州)

anymore [ˈenimɔː ] ad. 不再 再也不

拓  anyhow ad. 无论如何,不管怎么说

例  She didn't want to be my best friend anymore . 她再也不想做我最好的朋友了。(2010·武汉)

anyone [ˈeniwʌn ] pron. 任何人

构  any(pron. 任何的)+one(人)

拓  anyone只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不能接of短语,与anybody同义;any one既可指人也可指物,常用于特指,后接of短语限制范围。

例  Anyone who enjoys a difficult game and loves the outdoors should think of taking rock climbing as a new hobby. 任何喜爱高难度游戏和户外运动的人可能都会将攀岩当成一项新的爱好。(2011·陕西)

Would anyone be happy if you don't let him go outside his home? 难道有人会因此开心,如果你不让他出门?(2011·上海)

anything [ˈeniθɪŋ ] pron. 任何事,任何东西

构  any(pron. 任何的)+thing(事情)

拓  anything主要用于疑问句、否定句及条件句中代替something;用于肯定句中表示“随便那件事”,something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词如有形容词修饰,形容词要后置。

配  anything but 除……以外任何事(物),根本不

例  Is there anything special in today's newspaper? 今天报纸上有什么特别的事吗?(2011·铜仁)

He knew she would give anything he liked if she could. 他知道她会尽可能给他所喜欢的任何东西。(2008·成都)

anyway [ˈeniweɪ ] ad. 不管怎样,无论如何

拓  anyhow ad. 无论如何

例  Anyway, when I iron, I think of her and silently thank her for all the things I learned. 无论如何,当我熨衣服的时候,我都会想到她,并且默默地感谢她教会我的一切。(2011·扬州)

Don't argue with him. Anyway he loves you. 别和他争辩,毕竟他是爱你的。(2011·深圳)

anywhere [ˈeniˌweə ] ad. 任何地方

构  any(pron. 任何的)+where(地方)

例  Auckland is called “The city of Sails”because it has more boats than anywhere else in the world. 奥克兰被称为“帆船之都”,因为这座城市拥有的船只比世界上其他任何一个地方都要多。(2010·深圳)

We should save water and energy at anytime and anywhere . 我们应该随时随地节水节能。(2010·青岛)

appear [əˈpɪə ] vi. 出现;显得;好像

拓  appearance n. 外貌;外观;出现 disappear vi. 消失

例  In 1968, the first computer mouse appeared in public. 1968年第一只电脑鼠标面世。(2012·烟台)

Every one of us was excited, for in a few minutes we would see Liu Xiang appear on the sports ground. 我们每个人都很兴奋,因为几分钟后我们将会看到刘翔出现在体育场上。(2011·无锡)

April [ˈeɪprəl ] n. 4月

拓  April Fool's Day 愚人节

例  Every year on April 22, Earth Day is celebrated all over the world. 每年的4月22日,世界各地都会庆祝世界地球日。(2009·青岛)

apple [ˈæpl ] n. 苹果

配  apple of one's eye 掌上明珠

例  He saw Ben eating an apple happily. 他看见本在开心地吃着苹果。(2012·盐城)

—What's your favorite fruit?

— Apples. You know, an apple a day keeps the doctor away.

——你最喜欢的水果是什么?

——苹果。你知道的,一日一个苹果让你远离医生。(2011·苏州)

are [ɑː,ə ] v. be的第二人称单数现在时及复数各人称的现在时

例  Many scientists think that people are making the Earth warmer by making a greenhouse effect. 一些科学家认为,人类行为产生的温室效应使得全球气候变暖。(2010·南宁)

area [ˈeərɪə ] n. 面积;地区;领域

拓  area通常用于面积可测量或计算的地区,强调面积,不指行政区划

region常指地理上有天然界限或具有某种特色(如气候、自然条件)而自成一个单位的地区,也可指较大的行政单位

zone通常指地理上的“(地)带”,尤指图表上的环形地带

district指行政划分的区,比region小,通常指市镇内的一区

例  The main reason why pandas are endangered is that the area where pandas can live has become smaller. 熊猫濒临灭绝危险的主要原因是它们生存的区域越来越小。(2010·兰州)

argue [ˈɑːgjuː ] vi. 争论 争吵

拓  argument n. 争论,争吵

配  argue with sb. 与某人争论

argue about/over sth. 为某事争论

argue into/out 说服某人做(不做)某事

例  They disagreed with each other, so they argued for a long time. 他们各执己见于是又争论了很久。(2010·兰州)

For years scientists have been arguing about whether nature or nurture decides what people will be like. 究竟是先天遗传还是后天培养决定了人的一生的这个问题,科学家们争论了很多年。(2011·宜昌)

arm [ɑːm ] n. 臂;(一件)武器;(~s)〈总称〉武器,军火(v. 以……装备,武装起来

拓  armchair 扶手椅 armed 武装的;有扶手的

配  arm in arm 手挽手

with open arms 张开双臂;热情地;亲切地

take up arms 拿起武器

例  Tom was so careless that he hurt his right arm when he was riding to school. 汤姆是如此不小心,以致当他骑车去上学时,伤着了他的右臂。(2011·武汉)

army [ˈɑːmi ] n. 军队;陆军

构  arm(n. 武器)+(-y 名词后缀)→army(军队;陆军)

配  join the army 参军 an army of 一大群

例  Later the German army found out what Edith had done and they arrested her. 后来德军发现了伊迪丝所做的事情并且逮捕了她。(2011·温州)

around [əˈraʊnd ] ad. 在周围;大约 prep. 在……周围;环绕

构  a(前缀表示在)+round(a. 圆的 prep. 在……周围)

配  look/walk around 四处看看/逛逛

例  I like traveling and I have traveled a lot around China. 我爱好旅游,已经游览了中国很多地方。(2012·广州)

arrive [əˈraɪv ] vi. 到达;达到

拓  arrival n. 到来,到达

配  arrive at 达成,得出 arrive in/at 到达

例  — I wonder if we will arrive at the meeting on time.

—I'm afraid we'll be late.

——我怀疑我们是否能按时到会。

——恐怕我们会迟到。(2011·青岛)

The importance is placed on how to arrive at an answer and not only to get the correct answer. 重点在于找寻答案的过程而不仅仅满足于结果。(2006·南京)

art [ɑːt ] n. 艺术,美术

拓  artist n. 艺术家

配  Bachelor of Arts 文学学士

Master of Arts 文学硕士

例  It was impossible to send both of them to study at the art college at the same time. 同时送他们俩去艺术学院学习是不可能的。(2009·宁波)

In a classroom in any countries, the teacher teaches more than art or history or language. 任何国家的教师在课堂上更多的是传授艺术、历史或语言。(2006·南京)

article [ˈɑːtɪkl ] n. 文章;物品;冠词

配  article by article 逐条

例  Can you imagine that we've translated 30% of the long article today? 你相信吗?我们今天就已经把这篇长的文章翻译了30%。(2009·宜昌)

artist [ˈɑːtɪst ] n. 画家 艺术家

构  art(n. 艺术)+ist(名词后缀表示人)

例  Your parents want you to be an artist , don't they? 你父母想要你成为一位画家,是吗?(2012·重庆)

as [æz,əz ] ad. & conj. 像……一样,如同;因为 prep. 作为,当作

配  as…as(用于比较)与……一样

as soon as 一……就

as a matter of fact 事实上

as a result 结果

as if 仿佛,好像

as long as 只要,和……一样长

as far as I know 据我所知

as well 也

as well as 和……一样好,连同,和

例  My birthday is coming. Dale will send me an e-dog as my birthday present. 我的生日就要到了,戴尔将送我一只电子狗作为我的生日礼物。(2011·内江)

Wow, your new bicycle looks the same as Mine. 哇,你的新自行车看起来跟我的一样。(2011·安顺)

Asia [ˈeɪʃə ] n. 亚洲

例  There are rainforests in many parts of the world but the biggest forests are in South America, Africa and South East Asia . 世界上许多地方都有热带雨林,然而最大的热带雨林位于南美洲、非洲和东南亚。(2012·盐城)

Asian [ˈeɪʒən,ˈeɪʃən ] a. 亚洲的;亚洲人的 n. 亚洲人

构  Asia(n. 亚洲)+n(人)

例  Asian company names are not new to the United States. 亚洲公司名称对美国来说并不陌生。(2012·北京)

ask [ɑːsk ] v. 问;请求,要求

拓  ask表示要求,它有待答复并且是肯定答复的含义

demand表示需求、要求时包含有强硬的意味

配  ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事

ask sb. for sth. 向某人索要

ask for 向……要求

例  My father asked me to sit next to him and he handed me this watch as a gift. 父亲要我挨着他坐,他给我这块手表作为礼物。(2012·烟台)

When you have difficulty, do remember to ask for help. Two heads are better than one. 当你有困难时要记得寻求帮助。两人智慧胜一人。(2011·德州)

asleep [əˈsliːp ] a. 睡着的,熟睡的

构  a(在)+sleep(n. 睡眠)

拓  awake a. 醒的

配  fall asleep 入睡

例  — Have you ever seen the movie called Los Angles 2011 ?

— Yes, but I think it's boring. I fell asleep when I saw it.

——你看过电影《洛杉矶之战2011》吗?

——是的,我认为它很无趣。当时我都睡着了。(2011·广东)

assistant [əˈsɪstənt ] n. 助手,助理,商店店员

构  assist(v. 帮助)+ant(名词后缀,表示人)

拓  assistance n. 援助,帮助

例  The assistant won't let you enter the cinema if you haven't a ticket. 如果你没有票,检票员不会让你进电影院的。(2011·肇庆)

He would punish(惩罚)the assistant for having destroyed his painting. 他会惩罚这位助理因为毁了他的画。(2009·烟台)

astronaut [ˈæstrənɔːt ] n. 宇航员

构  astro(名词前缀,表宇宙,星,天体)+naut(词根,表航行)

例  I wonder what it is like to be an astronaut . 我想知道作为一名宇航员是什么样子的。(2011·沈阳)

at [æt ] prep. 在(几点钟);在(某处)

配  at once 立刻,马上

at the same time 同时

at least 至少

at most 至多

例  You can see million of stars if you go out at night. 如果你晚上出去的话,你可以看到很多的星星。(2011·河源)

I think it very important for students to study by themselves in the school or at home. 我认为学生在学校或家里自学是很重要的。(2011·永州)

athlete [ˈæθliːt ] n. 运动员

拓  athletic a. 强壮的,擅长运动的,体育的

athletics n. 运动

例  Chinese athletes did a great job in the Winter Olympics in Canada.在加拿大冬奥会上中国运动员表现非常出色。(2010·昆明)

athletic [æθˈletɪk ] a. 强壮的,擅长运动的,体育的

构  athlet(e)(n. 运动员)+ic(形容词后缀)

拓  athletics n. 运动

athlete n. 运动员

例  John is an athletic boy. 约翰体魄健壮。

attention [əˈtenʃn ] n. 注意(力)

构  attent(a. 注意的,留意的)+ion(名词后缀)

配  pay attention to 注意

attract/draw one's attention 引起某人注意

例  It's time for us to pay attention to the differences between cultures, I think. 我认为,是到了我们关注文化差异的时候了。(2011·包头)

attract [əˈtrækt ] vt. 吸引

拓  attractive a. 吸引人的,有魅力的

attraction n. 吸引,吸引力,有吸引力的人或物

例  This is why a country such as Thailand attracts millions of people. 这就是为什么像泰国这样的国家能吸引数百万人。(2008·成都)

attraction [əˈtrækʃn ] n. 吸引,吸引力,有吸引力的人或物

构  attract(vt. 吸引)+tion(名词后缀)

拓  attract vt. 吸引 attractive a. 吸引人的,有魅力的

例  It is a nation's history and culture that are the main attractions . 这个国家的历史和文化是主要吸引大家的地方。(2008·成都)

August [ˈɔːɡəst ] n. 八月

例  The 30th Olympic Games will be held in London from July 27 to August 12 this summer. 第30届奥运会将于今年夏天7月27日至8月12日在伦敦举行。(2012·温州)

aunt [ɑːnt ] n. 姨;姑;婶母;舅母

拓  uncle n. 叔;伯;舅

例  My aunt is a writer. She has written more than ten books since 1980. 我阿姨是个作家,她从1980年到现在写了超过10本书。(2011·北京)

Australia [ɔːˈstreɪljə ] n. 澳洲,澳大利亚

例  In America, the UK, Australia and many other countries, Mother's Day is on the second Sunday in May and Father's Day is usually on the third Sunday in June. 在美国、英国、澳大利亚和其他一些国家,母亲节在五月的第二个星期天,父亲节通常是六月的第三个星期天。(2010·大连)

Australian [ɒˈstreɪljən ] a. 澳洲的;澳洲人的 n. 澳洲人

构  Australia(n. 澳洲,澳大利亚)+n(后缀表示人)

例  Follow Your Heart by Australian writer Andrew Matthews tells us that making our dreams real is life's biggest challenge. 由澳大利亚作家安德鲁·马修斯所著的《追随你的心》这本书告诉我们,使我们的梦想成真是人生最大的挑战。(2012·烟台)

autumn [ˈɔːtəm ] n. 秋,秋季

例  At that time, a week-long fair was held in the town every autumn . 那时,每年秋天镇上都会举行一周的会议。(2012·温州)

available [əˈveɪləbl ] a. 可取得的,可利用的

构  avail(v. 有用)+able(形容词后缀)

例  Language Centre needs experienced teachers for its new English teaching program. PT/FT(兼/专职)positions available . 语言学习中心全新英语课程招聘有经验的教师。专兼职均可。(2009·河北)

avenue [ˈævənjuː ] n. 林荫道,道路,大街,大道

拓  revenue n. 收入 street n. 大街

例  I'd like to write to a Chinese girl to practice Chinese and want to know more about Chinese culture. Please write to me: Cathy, Flat 4, 105 Fifth Avenue , New York, U.S. 我想给中国女孩写信来练习汉语和了解更多中国文化。请与我通信。美国纽约第五大道105号,4号公寓,凯西收。(2009·长春)

avoid [əˈvɔɪd ] vt. 避免,逃避

拓  escape v. 逃避;逃脱

配  avoid doing 避免做某事

例  What I really needed to learn at school was how to make polite conversations, or how to avoid getting into debt or how to develop good personality. 在学校我真正应该学会的,是如何礼貌地与人交谈或者如何避免欠债以及养成好的性格。(2012·北京)

awake [əˈweɪk ] a. 醒着的(v. 唤醒;醒来

构  a(前缀)+wake(醒来)

拓  asleep a. 睡着的

配  stay awake 保持清醒

例  He has trouble getting to sleep at night and usually stay awake till 2 am. 他晚上很难入睡,经常到了两点还是清醒的。(2012·广州)

award [əˈwɔːd ] n. 奖,奖品,奖状

拓  award的“奖品”是因优点奖励或授予的东西,后可接双宾语award sb. sth.

reward“报答,报偿,奖赏”,多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答reward sb. with sth.

配  academy award奥斯卡金像奖;学院奖(美国电影艺术科学院颁发的年度奖项)

award ceremony 颁奖仪式,颁奖典礼

例  You have been awarded a scholarship to study violin at our School of Music. 你已经被授予了奖学金,在我们音乐学校学习小提琴。(2010·兰州)

On April 21, the girl won Best New Performer(演员)at the Hong Kong Film Awards for her play in CJ7 . 4月21日,这个女孩凭借在 CJ7中的出色表演赢得了香港电影金像奖最佳新人奖。(2009·重庆)

away [əˈweɪ ] ad. 向远处;离开;向另一方向

配  break away 突然离开;破除,脱离

give away 赠送;分发

go away 离去,出去

put away 放好,把……收拾起来,存(钱)以备它日之用

right away 立即,马上

run away 逃走,离开

stay away (from) 不在家,外出

take away 拿走,带走,夺去,使离去

throw away 扔掉,浪费

例  The naughty boy ran into the garden and frightened the little cat away . 这淘气的男孩跑到花园将小猫吓跑了。(2012·盐城)

Whose home is the farthest away from school in our class? 我们班里谁家离学校最远?(2011·贵港)

awful [ˈɔːf ] a. 恐惧的,可怕的,极坏的,糟糕的

构  awe(n. 敬畏)+ful(形容词后缀表示多的)

拓  awfully ad. 可怕地;十分;非常

例  You said you had a good vacation but you had an awful time! 你说过你假期很棒,实际却过得很糟糕!(2012·黄石)


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