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初中英语必考2000词 B baby→bye

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初中英语必考2000词 B baby→bye

baby [ˈbeɪbi ] n. 婴儿

拓  babe n. 婴儿;天真幼稚的人

babyhood n. 婴儿时代

配  have a baby 生孩子

例  A woman with a baby in her arms is trying to open the door, but fails. 手上抱着一个婴儿的女人试着开门,但是没能成功。(2011·黄冈)

babysit [ˈbeɪbɪˌsɪt ] vi. 临时受雇照顾小孩 vt. 临时受雇照顾

构  baby(n. 婴儿)+sit(v. 坐)

拓  babysitter n. (婴幼儿)保姆,照看婴儿的人

例  A favorite job for many teenagers is babysitting , and they can start before the age of 14 if their parents agree. 对于许多青少年来说,临时照看婴儿是份很理想的工作,只要父母同意,他们可以在14岁前开始从事这份工作。(2011·淄博)

back [bæk ] ad. 回;向后 n. 背(部),反面;背

拓  backward a. 向后的;反向的;发展迟缓的

配  go back 回去;追溯

turn one's back on 不理睬

back and forth 来回;往复

例  He's gone to London. But he'll be back next week. 他去伦敦了,但是他下周会回来。(2011·乌鲁木齐)

background [ˈbækɡraʊnd ] n. 背景

构  back(n. 背后)+ground(n. 场景)

配  in the background 在后面,在幕后

cultural background 文化背景

例  This unusual background made him wonder who he was. 不一般的背景使他开始奇怪他究竟是谁。(2009·烟台)

Teachers with background in computer skills preferred(优先). 具备计算机使用能力背景的教师优先。(2009·河北)

bad [bæd ](worse,worst)a. 坏的;有害的

拓  badly ad. 非常,很;严重地,厉害地;恶劣地

badness n. 坏,恶;不良;恶劣状态

配  be bad at 不善于

feel bad 不舒服;为……感到难过

be bad for 对……不利;对……有害

not so bad 并不坏;还凑合

in a bad mood 心情不好;处在不好的情绪中

例  The kids with bad manners should be punished. 行为不端的孩子应该被惩罚。(2009·哈尔滨)

Allowing pet cats to go outside is not just bad for birds and wildlife. 允许宠物猫外出对于鸟类和野生动物而言无碍。(2011·包头)

badly [ˈbædli ] ad. 非常,很;严重地;恶劣地

构  bad(坏)+ly(副词词尾)

例  I fell down and hurt my legs badly .(2011·乌鲁木齐)

Droughts can badly affect people and the land. 干旱会严重影响国家以及人们的生活。(2009·哈尔滨)

bag [bæɡ ] n. 书包,提包,袋

配  handbag 手提袋,手提包

例  Yes, I'm afraid I left my handbag on a taxi this morning. 是的,今天早上我恐怕把手提包掉在出租车上了。(2011·上海)

bake [beɪk ] vt. 烤、烘焙 vi. 使烤,使烘焙

拓  baked a. 烤的;烘焙的 bakery n. 面包店

baker n. 面包师;烘炉

例  This bake box is suitable for baking cakes and bread. 这个烤箱适合烤制面包糕饼类食品。

bakery [ˈbeɪkəri ] n. 面包房,面包店

构  bake(v. 烘烤)+ry(名词后缀表示场所)

例  On the way, they came by a bakery . 回来的路上他们顺路去了面包店。(2009·青海)

balance [ˈbæləns ] n. 平衡,均势 vt. 使平衡 vi. 保持平衡;相称

拓  balanced a. 平衡的;和谐的

配  keep a balance 保持平衡

例  We had better make a list of all the things we wish to do and try hard to keep a balance between work and play. 我们最好列出我们想做的事情并努力保持工作与休息的平衡。(2012·盐城)

It can be stressful to balance school, homework, and a part-time job. 在学习、家务和兼职工作方面达到平衡很紧张。(2011·淄博)

ball [bɔːl ] n. 球;(盛大、正式的)舞会

配  a ball of 球状, 团状(量词)

例  One of the rules is that a team must move the ball forward(向前)at least ten yards. 一条规则是球队向前运球必须超过十码。(2011·厦门)

He stole away from the ball without telling anybody. 他没和任何人打招呼就从舞会上溜走了。

balloon [bəˈluːn ] n. 气球(v. 乘气球上升;激增

配  hot-air balloon n. 热气球

例  Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon . 1863年他创作了《气球上的五星期》这部小说。(2008·南京)

bamboo [bæmˈbuː ]([复]~s) n. 竹

配  bamboo shoot 竹笋 bamboo leaf 竹叶

例  Some reserves need to be joined together by planting bamboo between them to make “corridors”. 一些保护区需要连起来,以种植竹子作为间隔。(2010·兰州)

banana [bəˈnɑːnə ] n. 香蕉

配  banana skin 香蕉皮;尴尬事

例  Help yourself to some bananas . 吃点香蕉吧。(2009·吉林)

bank [bæŋk ] n. (河、海、湖的)岸,堤;银行

拓  banker n. 银行家;银行业者

配  bank book 银行存折

例  Excuse me, is the bank far from here? 请问附近有银行吗?(2009·宁夏)

barber [ˈbɑːbə ] n. (为男子服务的)理发师

构  barb(拉丁词根胡子)+er(指人的后缀)→barber(剃胡须的人,理发师)

配  barbershop n. 理发店

例  The boy is having his hair cut at the barber's . 男孩子正在理发店理发。(2009·长春)

baseball [ˈbeɪsˌbɔːl ] n. 棒球

构  base(n. 地面)+ball(n. 球)

例  But I'm not very good at baseball . 我不擅长棒球运动。(2011·安徽)

basic [ˈbeɪsɪk ] a. 基本的

拓  basement n. 地下室

basically ad. 主要地,基本上

例  Where did he develop the BASIC language for the first microcomputer? 他在哪里学的微型计算机的BASIC语言?(2011·南宁)

But the basic idea is that each team tries to move the football across the goal line of the other team. 但是基本概念是每个队努力使足球射进对方的球门。(2011·厦门)

basket [ˈbɑːskɪt ] n. 篮子;(篮球比赛的)得分

例  He also enjoys himself in a basket , so he has another name: Basket Cat. 他同样很喜欢待在篮子里,所以他有另一个名字:篮子猫。(2011·沈阳)

basketball [ˈbæskɪtbɔːl ] n. 篮球

构  basket(n. 篮子)+ball(n. 球)

配  basketball player 篮球运动员

例  The park would even have basketball courts. 这个公园甚至还会有篮球场。(2011·南京)

bat [bæt ] n. 蝙蝠;球棒;球拍;vt. 用球棒击球

配  pingpong bat 乒乓球拍

例  “Ping”meant the sound of the bat hitting the ball? “呯”是不是击球的声音?(2009·西宁)

bath [bɑːθ ] n. 浴缸 浴盆 vt. & vi. 洗澡(盆浴)

拓  bathroom n. 浴室;厕所;盥洗室

配  take a bath 洗个澡

例  We had to clean clothes and take a bath every day. 我们每天都要洗澡洗衣服。(2011·黄冈)

bathe [beɪð ] vt. 沐浴;用水洗 vi. 洗澡;沐浴 n. 洗澡;游泳

构  bath(n. 洗澡)+e(动词后缀)

配  sunshine bathe 阳光浴

例  But she taught him how to bathe three times each morning and how to sing her song. 但是她教他怎样每天早上沐浴三次,怎样唱歌给她听。(2011·南京)

bathroom [ˈbæθrʊm ] n. 浴室,盥洗室

构  bath(n. 洗澡)+room(n. 房间)

例  The floor of the bathroom is covered with water. 浴室的地板上都是水。(2007·武汉)

BBC abbr. 英国广播公司

拓  英国广播公司 British Broadcasting Corporation 简称

例  Every day, BBC News on TV, radio and online brings you stories from across the world. 每天,电视、电台和网上的 BBC 新闻都在告诉我们全世界发生的事情。(2012·广东)

be [biː ](is,am,are) v. 是(原形,其人称和时态形式有 am,is,are,was,were, being,been)无词义,用于进行时态和被动语态

例  The more healthily you eat, the healthier you will be . 你吃得越健康,身体也将更健康。(2011·大庆)

beach [biːtʃ ] n. 海滨,海滩

拓  coast n. 海岸

配  on the beach 在海滩上;失业的;潦倒的

例  You can go swimming in the sea or have a walk on the beach . 你可以在海里游泳或者在沙滩上散步。(2011·包头市)

A group of swans flew down to a beach where a crow(乌鸦)was jumping around. 一群天鹅飞落在沙滩,那里有只乌鸦跳来跳去。(2010·常州)

bear [beə ] n. 熊 vi. 承受;结果实 vt. 忍受;具有;支撑

拓  born a. 天生的

bearable a. 可忍受的;支持得住的

配  bear/keep in mind 记住

例  I suggest buying her a Teddy Bear for her birthday. 我打算给她买一只泰迪熊作为生日礼物。(2011·青岛)

beat [biːt ] vt. (beat,beaten)敲打;跳动 vi. (心脏等)跳动 n. (音乐的)节拍

拓  beaten a. 被打败了的;精疲力竭的

配  heart beat 心跳

beat sb. to pieces 把某人打得落花流水

beat it 逃走;离开,走开

例  In a surprising result, the No. 69 Middle School girls' football team yesterday beat their school's boys' team. 昨天,六十九中足球女队打败了男队,这个结果让人大跌眼镜。(2011·金华)

It seemed that nothing could beat her.看起来没什么可以击倒她。(2010·哈尔滨)

beautiful [ˈbjuːtɪf ] a. 美丽的,出色的

构  beaut(y)(n. 美丽)+iful(形容词后缀)

拓  beautifully ad. 美丽地 beauty n. 美丽

例  Our school is as beautiful as a garden with lots of green trees all year round. 我们的学校就像绿树环绕的花园一样漂亮。(2010·常州)

beauty [ˈbjuːti ] n. 美,美丽,优美

拓  beautiful a. 美丽的

beautify vi & vt. 美化,使变美

配  beauty salon 美容院

sense of beauty 美感;审美感

例  They believed that the best things in life were free: sunshine, laughing, walks in the beauty of the country, friends and music. 他们认为生命中最珍贵的东西都是免费的:阳光、欢笑、在美丽的地方散步、友谊和音乐。(2009·哈尔滨)

because [bɪˈkɔːz ] conj. 因为

拓  for conj. 因为 since conj. 因为, 既然

配  because of 由于,因为

例  Because he knew that trees were important to forests and to the animals that lived in them. 因为他明白,树木对森林以及生活在森林的动物的重要性。(2011·南京)

Roads are usually closed because of road work or dangerous conditions. 道路经常由于修路或行路危险而被关闭。(2011·常州)

become [bɪˈkʌm ] vi. (became,become)变得;成为

构  be(动词前缀使)+come(v. 来)

拓  turn into 变成

例  Many young people become discouraged when they know their unpleasant qualities—selfishness, laziness, etc. 当许多年轻人了解了他们的缺点——自私、懒惰等,他们会开始变得泄气。(2011·常州)

bed [bed ] n. 床;基础 vt. 使睡觉;安置 vi. 上床;分层

拓  bedsheet n. 床单

配  in bed 在床上;卧床 go to bed 上床睡觉 on the bed 在床上

例  And you need a good rest in bed . 你需要上床好好休息。(2012·陕西)

They wanted me to get out of bed very early, and be ready for the day's activities soon. 他们希望我很早起床,马上为白天的活动做准备。(2011·长春)

bedroom [ˈbedrʊm ] n. 寝室,卧室

构  bed(n. 床)+room(n. 房间)

例  German scientists have found sleeping with roses in your bedroom may bring pleasant dreams. 德国科学家发现在卧室放置玫瑰,可以助人安眠。(2009·长春)

bee [biː ] n. 蜜蜂,蜂;勤劳的人

拓  honeybee n. 蜜蜂 beekeeper n. 养蜂人

beehouse n. 养蜂场

配  as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌,忙得不可开交

例  For me it was so difficult without you, as for a bee without a flower. 我离开你,就好像蜜蜂离开了花朵。(2010·茂名)

beef [biːf ] n. (pl. beeves[biːvz ])牛肉

拓  ox n. 公牛 cow n. 母牛

配  beef steak 牛排 dried beef 牛肉干

例  Yes. I'd like fifteen beef dumplings and a glass of orange juice. 是的,我要十五个牛肉饺子和一杯橙汁。(2012·陕西)

beer [bɪə ] n. 啤酒 vi. 喝啤酒

拓  wine n. 酒

例  How many days does the Beer Festival last? 啤酒节举办几天?(2012·武汉)

before [bɪˈfɔː ] prep. 在……以前;在……前面 ad. 以前 conj. 在……之前

构  be(在……周围、附近)+(fore prep. 前面)→before(在……以前;在……前面)

拓  after ad. & prep. & conj. 在……之后

配  before long 不久以后 long before 很久以前

例  The Browns have never had a pet before . 布朗一家之前从未养过宠物。(2006·武汉)

Last year, my mother went there to care for him because his health is not as good as before . 去年我母亲去照顾他,因为他的身体没有以前好了。(2012·广州)

beg [beg ] vt. 乞讨;恳求;回避正题 vi. 乞讨;请求

拓  beggar n. 乞讨者

配  beg for 乞求

beg your pardon 对不起,请原谅;请某人再说一遍

go begging 行乞

例  “Oh, please, Tom,”begged Ben. “I can do it.”“哦,汤姆,我能做到,请让我来吧!”本恳求道。(2012·盐城)

begin [bɪˈgɪn ] v. (began,begun) 开始,着手

拓  beginning n. 开始;起点 beginner n. 初学者;新手;创始人

配  begin with 以……开始;开始于……

begin to do/doing 开始做某事

begin as 作为……开始

例  It can begin as early as first grade. 可以从一年级开始。(2012·河北)

I don't know how to begin a talk with Betty. 我不知道怎么和贝蒂开始谈。(2011·包头)

behavior [bɪˈheɪvjə ] n. 行为,举止,表现

构  behave(e) vi. 表现+ior(名词后缀)

拓  behave vi. 表现;举止端正

例  We should pay attention to our behavior and try to be good citizens. 我们应该注意言行举止,做一个好公民。(2011·扬州)

behave [bɪˈheɪv ] vi. 表现;(机器等)运转;举止端正;(事物)起某种作用

构  be(动词前缀表示使)+have(v. 有)

拓  behavior n. 行为,举止;态度;反应

配  behave oneself 使举止规矩

behave well 表现好;举止得体;行为检点;表现良好

behave yourself 请检点一点,行为规矩些

例  The most important thing is to keep safe and behave yourselves on the way. 最重要的是注意安全,路上行为守规矩。(2011·陕西)

behind [bɪˈhaɪnd ] prep. (表示位置)在……后面 ad. 在后面;向后

配  fall behind 落后

from behind 从……后面

drop behind 落……之后;落伍

go behind 进一步斟酌;探究

例  With your help,I didn't fall behind others.由于你的帮助,我没有落后于其他人。(2010·呼和浩特)

Their scores fell behind a lot. 他们的比分大为落后。(2010·大连)

believe [bɪˈliːv ] v. 相信,认为

构  be(动词前缀使)+lieve(词根表示爱,欲望)

拓  belief n. 相信;信念,信仰

配  believe in 信仰;信任

believe it or not 信不信由你

例  If I believe in myself, I will be successful. 只要我相信自己,我一定能成功。(2009·乌鲁木齐)

bell [bel ] n. 钟,铃;钟形物

配  ring the bell 鸣钟;按门铃

alarm bell 警钟;警铃

ring a bell 使某人想起某事,使人回忆起

例  Sometimes we are the blind horse being guided by the little ringing bell of those in our lives. 有时候我们就像瞎了的马,被生命中的小铃铛所指引。(2010·大连)

The center of the church was like a bell . 教堂的中心像个钟。(2009·烟台)

belong [bɪˈlɒŋ ] vi. 属于……之财产;是(社团、家庭等)的成员

拓  belonging n. 所有物;行李;附属物

配  belong in 应归入

belong to 属于

例  Sometimes I have troubles on my job, but one thing is for sure, they don't belong to my wife and my son. 有时候我工作有困难,但有一件事可以肯定,这些问题不属于我的妻子和孩子。(2011·长春)

Those who consider sports the only way of losing weight also belong to this group. 那些认为运动是减肥的唯一方法的人,属于这个群体。(2010·青岛)

below [bɪˈləʊ ] prep. 在……下面 ad. 在下面

拓  under prep. 在……之下

配  far below 远低于

例  They could see the enemy entering the village in the valley below . 他们可以看到敌军进了峡谷下面的村庄。(2010·茂名)

bench [bentʃ ] n. 长凳;工作台;替补队员 vt. 给……以席位;为……设置条凳 n. 条凳,长凳

拓  stool n. 凳子

例  They studied together, sat on the same bench and became good friends. 他们一起学习,一起同桌,成为好朋友。(2011·徐州)

beside [bɪˈsaɪd ] prep. 在旁边;靠近;与……相比

构  be(在)+side(n. 边、旁)

配  beside the point 离题的;不相关的;不相干的

beside oneself 极度兴奋,神志失常

例  Don't stand beside someone who coughs or sneezes. 不要站在咳嗽或打喷嚏的人的旁边。(2011·苏州)

You only need to follow the bright traffic signs beside the highway and it will take you where you wish to go. 你只需跟着高速公路旁鲜明的交通标志的指示走,你就会到达想去的地方。(2011·无锡)

besides [bɪˈsaɪdz ] prep. 除……以外(还有)ad. 还有,此外

拓  except 除……以外

例  Besides , Shenzhen owns 2 million local vehicles, and about 300,000 vehicles from other places also run on the local roads every day. 除此之外,每天有深圳本地的200万辆车,以及其他地方的30万辆车也穿梭在深圳的马路上。(2012·深圳)

best [best ] a. 最好的;ad. 最好地;n. 最好的人或物

拓  good/well 的最高级形式

配  at (the) best 充其量,至多

do/try one's best 尽力,努力

make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理

例  One way is being unselfish,not wanting everything your own way or asking for the best share of everything. 一种不再自私的方法,即不再想用自己的方式得到所有东西或者不再要求得到最好的。(2011·常州)

better [ˈbetə ] n. 较好者 ad. 更好地;更多地;较大程度地 a. 较好的 vt. 改善;胜过 vi. 变得较好

拓  good/well 的比较级形式

配  for the better 好转,改善

had better 最好还是,应该

例  It is possible to act in such a way that other people will like us better . 用他人会更喜欢我们的方式来行动是有可能的。(2011·常州)

Luckily, increasing(增加)our word power can make us own the skills we need to communicate better with others and can also help us get better results in our study. 幸运的是,增加词汇量不仅能让我们拥有更好的沟通技能,也能帮助我们更好地促进学习。(2011·镇江)

between [bɪˈtwiːn ] prep. 在(两者)之间,在……中间

拓  among prep. 在(三者)之间,在……中间

配  in between 在中间

例  Healthy snacks between meals are fine. 餐间吃些健康的零食是很好的。(2011·青岛)

beyond [bɪˈjɒnd ] prep. (表示位置)在……的那边,远于;(指时间)迟于;(指范围)超出

配  go beyond v. 超出;胜过

例  No, that's beyond you. Let's have a flying competition. 不,你们不会,让我们来进行一场展示真正飞翔本事的比赛吧!(2010·常州)

bicycle [ˈbaɪsɪkl ] n. 自行车 vi. 骑脚踏车

构  bi(前缀表示两个)+cycle(n. 圆圈)

拓  bicyclist n. 骑脚踏车者

配  by bicycle 骑脚踏车

例  In the 1830s, the first bicycle was invented. 19世纪30年代,第一辆自行车问世。(2010·南宁)

big [bɪg ] a. 大的;重要的;量大的;ad. 大量地;顺利;夸大地

拓  large a. 大的

例  John doesn't know her big brother. 约翰不了解她哥哥。(2009·江西省)

Use these skills, and you will have a big weight loss. 运用这些技巧,你能减去很多的重量。(2009·宁波)

bike [baɪk ] n. (=bicycle) 自行车,脚踏车

配  by bike 骑自行车;骑单车

例  He usually goes to work by bike . 他经常骑自行车上班。(2012·烟台)

bill [bɪl ] n. 账单;法案,议案;〈美〉钞票,纸币

例  She paid with a hundred-dollar bill . 她拿出一百美元付账。(2011·广州)

So Mrs Smith still doesn't know who made the phone bill very high. 所以史密斯夫人仍然不知道谁打出了这样高的电话账单。(2008·成都)

biology [baɪˈɒləʤi ] n. 生物学,生态学

构  bio(前缀表示生命)+(o)logy(名词后缀表示学科)

拓  biologist n. 生物学家

例  We went to the Biology class instead of attending the English lesson. 我们去上生物课而不去上英语课。

bird [bɜ:d ] n. 鸟

拓  bird's-eye 鸟瞰的

例  Thousands of trees were cut down. And many birds lost their home. 成千上万棵树被砍倒,许多鸟失去了它们的家。(2011·邵阳)

birth [bɜ:θ ] n. 出生,诞生

拓  birth-rate n. 出生率

配  give birth to 生,产生;引起

例  Sadly for Mary, their first child died soon after birth in Italy. 令玛丽伤心的是他们的第一个孩子在意大利出生后不久就死了。(2011·广州)

Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. 一些鱼类在温水中诞生然后移动到冷水中饲养。(2009·宁夏)

birthday [ˈbɜːθdeɪ ] n. 生日

构  birth(n. 出生)+day(日)

配  birthday party 生日宴会

例  Tomorrow is the boy's seventh birthday . 明天是这男孩7岁生日。(2011·柳州)

biscuit [ˈbɪskɪt ] n. 饼干

拓  cracker(美)n. 饼干

例  She pours the tea and I take a chocolate biscuit . 她倒上了茶,我拿起一块巧克力饼干。

bɪt [bit ] n. 一点,一些,少量

配  a bit (of)有点

例  I feel a bit hungry now. 我现在觉得有点饿了。(2011·广州)

bitter [ˈbɪtə ] a. 有苦味的;痛苦的;严酷的

拓  bitterness n. 苦味,苦难 sweet a. 甜的

例  I like all kinds of chocolate, especially bitter chocolate. 我喜欢各式各样的巧克力,尤其是苦巧克力。(2011·河南)

black [blæk ] n. 黑色 a. 黑色的

拓  white n. 白色 a. 白色的

配  as black as ink/ coal 墨黑,极黑

black sheep 害群之马

call/make white black 颠倒黑白;混淆是非

black and white 白纸黑字

例  I have two cats. One is black , and the other is white. 我有两只猫,一只白色,一只黑色。(2011·聊城)

Look at the man in black over there. 看那边那个着黑色衣服的男人。(2011·遵义)

blackboard [ˈblækbɔːd ] n. 黑板

构  black(n. 黑色)+board(n. 木板)

拓  chalkboard n. 黑板

例  I can't see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting in front of me. 我看不清黑板。前面有两个高个子男孩。(2011·毕节)

blind [blaɪnd ] a. 失明的,瞎的 vt. 使失明

拓  blindly ad. 盲目地 blindness n. 失明,盲目性

配  go blind 失明

例  The ORBIS volunteers were proud to help so many blind people in need. 奥比斯眼科医院的志愿者们都因帮助了那么多需要帮助的盲人而感到自豪。(2012·盐城)

Most of us would give up if we were blinded at such a young age. 如果我们在很小的时候失明,我们大多数都可能会感到无望。(2012·武汉)

blood [blʌd ] n. 血,血液

拓  bloody a. 血腥的 bloodless a. 不流血的

例  Blood pressure(血压)and body temperature are directly shown on computers. 血压和体温都直接显示在电脑上。(2011·河北)

blow [bləʊ ] n. 击;猛攻;吹风 v. (blew, blown) 吹;刮风

配 blow out 吹灭

例 Smokejumpers in the U.S. for example, must be 54 to 91 kilograms, so they don't get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds. 例如,在美国,空降灭火员的体重必须在54至91公斤之间,只有这样他们不会在降落着地的时候受伤或被强风吹走。(2012·北京)

Though winds sometimes blow strongly in spring, it is quite warm. 尽管春天风有时很大但很暖和。(2010·哈尔滨)

blue [bluː ] n. 蓝色 a. 蓝色的;悲伤的,沮丧的

配  look blue 神色沮丧;脸色发青

out of the blue 完全出于意外

例  Which sweater do you like better, the red one or the blue one? 你喜欢哪件毛衣,红色还是蓝色的?(2009·吉林)

board [bɔːd ] n. 木板;布告牌;董事会 v. 上(船、火车、飞机)

拓  aboard ad. 在船(飞机、车)上,上船(飞机、车)

配  on board 在船(车,飞机)上

例  He put up a board in the garden facing the road. The board said, “No Parking”. 他在花园朝马路的门口挂起一个大牌子,牌子上写着“严禁停车”。(2009·辽宁)

boat [bəʊt ] n. 小船,船

拓  ship 大船

配  Dragon Boat Festival 端午节

例  What good weather! Let's go boating on the lake. 天气真好!我们到湖上去划船吧。(2007·北京)

body [ˈbɒdi ] n. 身体

拓  body-building n. 加强体质,健美运动

配  body and soul 全心全意

in body 亲自,自行

例  When you are eating, notice how your body feels. 当您吃的时候,请注意您的身体感觉如何。(2009·包头)

boil [bɔɪl ] vi. 沸开 vt. 煮,烧煮 n. 沸,沸腾

拓  boiled a. 煮沸的;煮熟的

例  Add enough water and boil it for about 15 to 20 minutes. 加足够的水煮15到20分钟。(2011·深圳)

bone [bəʊn ] n. 骨,骨头

拓  flesh n. 肉

配  make no bones 毫不犹豫,毫不隐讳地直言

例  She then took the chicken bones home and made soup out of them. 然后她把鸡骨头打包回家,做成了汤。(2010·沈阳)

book [bʊk ] n. 书 vt. 预订(房间、座位、车票等)vi. 预订

拓  bookcase n. 书柜 bookmark n. 书签 bookshelf n. 书架 reserve v. 预订,预约

例  I want to book a double room from June 23-25. 我想预订一间双人间,时间是从6月23日至25日。(2012·黄石)

Harry Potter is so interesting a book that lots of teenagers like to read it. 《哈利·波特》这本书很有趣,以至于很多年轻人都喜欢读它。(2011·青岛)

border [ˈbɔːdə ] n. 国界,边界,边缘

拓  boundary n. 边界,分界线

配  on the border of 在……的边界上,将要

例  He thought a simple card with a border would be a great way to send a note. 他认为一张加上饰边的简单卡片是寄送短笺的好方式。(2011·河北)

bored [bɔːd ] a. (人)感到无聊的

构  bore(v. 令人厌烦)+(e)d(形容词后缀表示感到)

拓  bore v. 令人厌烦

例  We would probably be bored to death. 我们会无聊至死。(2012·济南)

The young man was very bored and felt very disappointed. 这个年轻人感到乏味又失望。(2010·乌鲁木齐)

boring [ˈbɔːrɪŋ ] a. 乏味的,无聊的

构  bor(e)(v. 令人厌烦)+ing(形容词后缀表示令人觉得)

拓  bore v. 令人厌烦

例  —Is the film interesting?

— I thought it would be. But in fact, it's very boring .

——这部电影有趣吗?

——我原以为很有意思,但事实上,这部电影很无趣。(2011·扬州)

born [bɔːn ] a. 出生的;天生的

拓  bear v. 生产,结(果实)

配  be born in/into/to 降生到某家庭

be born with 天赋;命运

be born to do 生而为……;生来就是

例  About two-thirds of the students in our class were born in the 1990s. 我们班三分之二的学生都出生在1990年代。(2011·绥化)

She was born deaf, so tonight was the best time she ever heard me play the piano. 她天生耳聋,所以今晚是她听我弹钢琴的最好的时机。(2011·淄博)

borrow [ˈbɒrəʊ ] v. (向别人)借用,借

拓  lend v. 借出

配  borrow …from…从……借

例  The university student borrowed some money from his friends to start his own business. 这个大学生从他的朋友那儿借钱开始自己的事业。(2011·上海)

boss [bɒs ] n. 领班;老板,上司

拓  bossy 老板作风的;跋扈的

例  The boss made him work 14 hours a day. 老板要他一天工作14小时。(2011·河源)

both [bəʊθ ] a. & ad. (两者)都 pron. 两者,双方

拓  neither 两者都不

配  both…and…两者都,既……又……

both of ……中的两者

例  —What do you think of the two backpacks?

—Both of them are very nice.

——你认为这两个背包怎么样?

——两个都很好。(2011·贵港)

bottle [ˈbɒtl ] n. 瓶子

拓  bottled a. 瓶装的

配  a bottle of 一瓶

例  Han Fang wants to buy two pieces of bread, a bottle of orange juice and an ice cream. 韩方想买两片面包、一瓶果汁与一个冰激凌。(2011·崇左)

bottom [ˈbɒtəm ] n. 底部,底

拓  bottomless a. 无底的, 难解的

配  at the bottom of 在……底部

Bottoms up. 干杯!

例  Your friend's face appears on the screen,and the Chinese words appear at the bottom . 你朋友的头像出现在屏幕上,中文字显示在下面。(2009·吉林)

bow [bəʊ ] n. 弓,鞠躬 vt. 鞠躬,低头 vi. 鞠躬,低头

拓  bowknot n. 蝴蝶结

配  bow down 鞠躬,服从

bow out 由……退出

例  Archery has a 10,000-year history, when bows and arrows were first used for hunting and war. 射箭的历史可追溯到一万年前,最初弓箭是用于狩猎和战争。(2011·广州)

bowl [bəʊl ] n. 碗 v. 打保龄球

拓  bowling n. 保龄球

配  a bowl of 一碗

例  Use a plate or bowl when you eat. 吃的时候用盘子或碗。(2011·青岛)

box [bɒks ] n. 盒子,箱子

拓  boxer n. 拳击者

配  a box of 一盒

例  The box was too heavy for me to carry, so I pulled it into my room. 对我来说这个箱子太重了,以至于拿不动,所以我把它推到我的房间里了。(2011·沈阳)

I have bought a box of chocolates for them. 我买了盒巧克力给他们。(2011·温州)

boy [bɔɪ ] n. 男孩

拓  boyhood n. 少年时代  boyfriend n. 男朋友

例  Bill, who's the little boy in the picture? 比尔,照片里那个小男孩是谁?(2011·湘潭)

brain [breɪn ] n. 脑,头脑

拓  brainless a. 没有头脑的

brainy a. 聪明的;有头脑的

配  rack one's brains 绞尽脑汁

例  You know that your brain is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system.你知道你的大脑通过神经系统和身体的每一部分联系在一起。(2012·济南)

brave [breɪv ] a. 勇敢的

拓  bravery n. 勇气

配  (as) brave as a lion 勇猛如狮

例  The girl was brave and strong-minded. 这个女孩勇敢而且意志坚强。(2012·陕西)

bread [bred ] n. 面包

配  bread and butter 生计,谋生之道

例  I'm hungry, is there any bread in the fridge? 我饿了,冰箱里有面包吗?(2011·安徽)

break [breɪk ] vt. (broke, broken)打破,使碎裂 vi. 破裂 n. 中断;休息

拓  breakable a. 会破的,易碎的

配  break down 损坏,分解,瓦解

break away (from) 脱离,逃跑

break in 强行进入,闯入;打断,插嘴

break into 闯入

break out 突然发生,爆发

break through 突破

break up 终止,结束;打碎,拆散

例  Drivers shouldn't be allowed to drive after drinking, or they will break the law. 驾驶员不允许酒后驾车否则就是违法。(2011·山西)

Ask your friends to give you a break and not to make fun of you. 请朋友们饶你一次,不要笑话你。(2012·长沙)

breakfast [ˈbrekfəst ] n. 早餐

构  break(n. 中断)+fast(n. 节食)

拓  dinner 正餐 supper 晚餐

例  As I was having breakfast the newspaper arrived. 我正吃早饭的时候报纸来了。(2011·广州)

breast [brest ] n. 胸部;乳房

拓  bosom n. 胸部

配  at the breast(婴儿)在吃奶的

beat one's(或the)breast 捶胸悲叹,表示内疚、懊悔、忏悔或自责

例  He made a clean breast of the whole secret. 他把所有秘密全盘托出。

breath [breθ ] n. 气息,呼吸

拓  breathe vi. 呼吸 breath-taking a. 惊人的

配  draw/take a long (deep) breath 深深吸一口气

out of breath 喘不过气来,上气不接下气

例  I am out of breath . I can't go any further. 我已经喘不过气了,我走不动了。(2011·常州)

He thought for only a moment before taking a deep breath and saying,“Yes, I'll do it if it will save Lisa.”他只思考了一会儿然后深深地吸一口气说:“好,如果能救莉萨我愿意做这件事。”(2010·佛山)

breathe [briːð ] vi. 呼吸

构  breath(n. 呼吸)+e(动词后缀)

拓  breathing n. 呼吸

例  The trees and other plants in the forest help to make the air that we breathe . 树和森林里的其他植物帮助制造了我们呼吸的空气。(2012·盐城)

bridge [brɪʤ ] n. 桥

拓  overbridge n. 天桥

例  Each of us has a few life goals, which will guide us to a bridge future. 我们中的每个人都有几个生活目标,指引我们构架未来。(2011·哈尔滨)

bright [braɪt ] a. 明亮的;聪明的;(颜色)鲜艳的

拓  brightly ad. 明亮地 brighten v. (使)变亮

例  The moonlight goes through the window and makes the room bright . 月光穿过窗户使房间明亮起来。(2011·潍坊)

bring [brɪŋ ] vt. (brought,brought) 拿来,带来,取来

拓  bringing-up n. 教养

配  bring about 带来,造成

bring down 打倒,挫伤;降低

bring forth 产生,提出

bring forward 提出

bring up 教育,培养,使成长

例  —Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.

—It doesn't matter. You can have ours.

——噢!我来得匆忙忘记带食物了。

——不要紧。你可以吃我们的。(2011·广州)

Britain [ˈbrɪtn ] n. 不列颠,英国

拓  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(英国的正式名称,简称U.K.)

例  Franklin told them all how happy he was to be in Britain again. 富兰克林告诉他们大家能再一次来到英国他非常开心。(2011·杭州)

British [ˈbrɪtɪʃ ] a. 大不列颠的;英国的;英国人的 n. (总称)英国人

构  Brit(ain)(n. 英国)+ish(加在民族、国家、地方等名称后,表示某国的或某民族的,兼作名词后缀用,表示某国的语言)

例  Most British high school children wear uniforms at school. 大多数英国中学生在学校穿校服。(2011·济宁)

brother [ˈbrʌðə ] n. 兄;弟

拓  brotherhood n. 兄弟关系

brotherly a. 兄弟的,亲兄弟般的

例  In the piano contest, my brother didn't play well and I did even worse. 在钢琴比赛中,我兄弟没有发挥好,我表现更差。(2011·青岛)

brown [braʊn ] n. 褐色,棕色 a. 褐色的,棕色的

配  brown bread 黑面包

例  Which tie is better for my new shirt, the brown one or the blue one? 哪条领带适合我新买的衬衣,褐色还是蓝色的?(2012·重庆)

brush [brʌʃ ] vt. 刷;擦 n. 刷子;画笔

配  tooth brush 牙刷 brush up 重温,再练

例  Don't keep water running when you are brushing your teeth or washing your hands, Jack. 杰克,当你刷牙或洗手时不要让水不停地流淌。(2011·乐山)

build [bɪld ] v. (built,built) 建筑,建造

拓  building n. 建筑物

配  build up 积累;逐步建立;锻炼

例  A Disneyland Park will be built in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future.在不久的将来,一个迪士尼乐园将在上海浦东新区建成。(2012·济南)

building [ˈbɪldɪŋ ] n. 建筑物,房屋,大楼

构  build(v. 建筑,建造)+ing(名词后缀)

配  building site 建筑工地

例  The thief was noticed to enter the office building by the back door on the screen. 在屏幕上,那个贼被看到从后门进入办公大楼。(2011·大庆)

burn [bɜ:n ] v. 燃,着火;使烧焦;使晒黑 n. 烧伤;晒伤

拓  burnable a. 燃烧的,可燃的,灼伤的

配  burn out 烧掉

burn up 烧起来,旺起来;烧完,烧尽

例  Is this wood dry enough to burn ? 木柴干得可以烧了吗?(2012·苏州)

bus [bʌs ] n. 公共汽车

配  by bus 乘公共汽车 at the bus stop 在公交车站

例  I often go to school by bus . 我经常乘公交车上学。(2011·湘西)

business [ˈbɪznəs ] n. (本分)工作,职业;生意;事业

构  busy(a. 忙的)+ness(名词后缀)

拓  businessman n. 商人

配  on business 因公,因事

Mind your own business. 少管闲事。

例  Nowadays two thirds of business letters are written in English. 如今有三分之二的商务信函是用英语写的。(2011·呼和浩特)

As the Internet becomes more popular, many older media businesses are dying out. 随着互联网的日益普及,许多传统媒体的业务正在消失。(2012·河北)

busy [ˈbɪzi ] a. 忙碌的,繁忙的

拓  busily ad. 忙碌地 free a. 空闲的

配  be busy (in) doing something 忙着做…… be busy with 忙于……

例  The woman is very busy so she seldom watches TV. 这位女士很忙所以她很少看电视。(2011·雅安)

but [bʌt ] conj. 但是,可是

拓  however 然而,但是 yet 可是

配  all but 除……外全部

not only…but also…不仅……而且……

例  In many places in China, the old over 90 are taken good care of not only by their family but also by the government. 在中国的许多地方,超过90岁的人不仅受到家人的好好照顾还被政府照顾着。(2011·兰州)

butter [ˈbʌtə ] n. 黄油,奶油 vt. 涂黄油于拓 bread and butter 生计

例  You may find the bread and butter is free,and if you order coffee,you may get a free refill. 你会发觉,面包与黄油都是免费的,如果你点咖啡,你可以免费续杯。(2010·呼和浩特)

butterfy [ˈbʌtəfaɪ ] n. 蝴蝶

拓  butterfly stroke 蝶泳

配  (as) light as a butterfly 轻浮,轻佻

break a butterfly on(/upon) a (/the) wheel 杀鸡用牛刀;小题大做;浪费力气

例  Do you think butterfly is a type of insect? 你认为蝴蝶是一种昆虫吗?

buy [baɪ ] vt. (bought, bought) 购买 vi. 购物

拓  buyer n. 买主,顾客 sell v. 卖

配  buy back 买回

例  I'm expecting a digital camera for long, but dad has no time to buy one for me. 我一直想要一台数码相机,但爸爸没有时间给我买一台。(2011·舟山)

by [baɪ ] prep. 靠近,在……旁;不迟于;被;经……,由……;乘(车)

配  by the way 顺便说一下

one by one 一个一个地

by accident 偶然地

by all means 想尽办法

by no means 绝不

by oneself 独自

例  It takes us an hour or more to go to my hometown by train. 我们乘火车花了一个多小时回到我的家乡。(2011·呼和浩特)

By the way, we don't use the word“subway”here. 顺便说一下,我们这里不用“subway”这个词。(2012·陕西)

She learned to play the piano all by herself. 她靠自学,学会了弹钢琴。(2011·河北)

bye [baɪ ] int. 再见,再会

拓  Goodbye 再见 Bye 再见


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