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初中英语必考2000词 P Pacific→put

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初中英语必考2000词 P Pacific→put

Pacific [pəˈsɪfɪk ] a. 太平洋的 n. 太平洋

配  Asia pacific 亚太地区;亚太区

Pacific Ocean 太平洋

例  In 1935, she was the first person to fly over the Pacific from Hawaii to California by herself. 1935年,她成为了独立横跨太平洋,从夏威夷飞到加利福尼亚的第一人。(2010·长春)

pack [pæk ] n. 包,背包,包裹 vt. 包装;捆扎

配  a pack of 一包;(野兽等的)一群;一盒

pack up 整理;把……打包

例  I had planned to run away from home and I was going home to pack my things. 我计划好了离家出走,我要回家去收拾我的东西。(2011·扬州)

package [ˈpækɪʤ ] n. (尤指包装好或密封的容器)包,袋 vt. 把……打包(或装箱)

构  pack(n. 包,背包)+age(名词后缀)

拓  packaged a. 包装过的

例  Now potato chips are packaged and sold in stores. 如今薯条被包装起来,在商店出售。(2011·天津)

Don't worry. Your package will be kept here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. 别担心,你的行李可以寄存在这里,购物愉快!(2011·安徽)

page [peɪʤ ] n. 页,页码

配  web page 网页 home page 主页;第一个界面

例  The web is made up of millions of documents called web pages . 网站是由数百万的被叫做网页的文件组成。(2012·大连)

pain [peɪn ] n. 疼,疼痛

拓  painful a. 痛苦的;疼痛的 painfully ad. 痛苦地,费力地 painless a. 不痛的

配  in pain 痛苦 with great pain 煞费苦心地

例  I don't feel any pain in my body, and I can run.我身体不觉得疼痛,而且我还能跑。(2010·沈阳)

He doesn't go hiking anymore because of the pain in his leg. 因为腿疼,他不再去远足了。(2010·乌鲁木齐)

paint [peɪnt ] n. 油漆 vt. 油漆;绘画

拓  painting n. 绘画;油画;着色

painter n. 画家;油漆匠

配  oil paint 油漆;油画颜料

例  Ben was watching Tom paint with great interest.

本饶有兴趣地看着汤姆画画。(2012·盐城)

painting [ˈpeɪntɪŋ ] n. 画,油画,水彩画

拓  paint n. 油漆 vt. 油漆;绘画

painting-room n. 画室

配  Chinese painting 国画

oil painting 油画;油画艺术

例  Her wish is to work for a few decades and then spend her time on music and painting . 她希望工作几十年,然后把时间消磨在音乐和画画上。(2012·上海)

pair [peə ] n. 一双,一对

拓  pairing n. 配对

配  a pair of 一对;一双

例  In deep winter, he could not do without a pair of gloves. 在隆冬时节,他不能没有一副手套。(2012·深圳)

He has quite a lot of pairs of shoes. 他有许多双鞋。(2011·十堰)

palace [ˈpælɪs ] n. 宫,宫殿

配  Palace Museum 故宫博物院

例  The Emperor asked his men to bring it to the palace . 国王让他的侍从把它带进皇宫。(2010·乌鲁木齐)

pale [peɪl ] a. 苍白的,灰白的

拓  palely ad. 苍白地;淡色地

配  turn pale(脸色)变得苍白

例  Then his face grew pale and his smile slowly disappeared. 然后他的脸色变得苍白,笑容慢慢消失了。(2010·佛山)

pancake [ˈpænkeɪk ] n. 薄煎饼

构  pan(n. 平底锅)+cake(n. 蛋糕)

例  In fact, pancakes were made long ago in ancient China. 事实上,薄煎饼在古时候的中国很早就有了。(2009·绵阳)

panda [ˈpændə ] n. 熊猫

配  giant panda 大猫熊

例  The movie Kung fu Panda 2 is so wonderful that many children enjoy watching it. 《功夫熊猫2》如此精彩以至于许多孩子都喜欢看。(2011·福建)

Shenzhen is expecting the pair of pandas for the Summer Univcrsiade. 深圳为迎接世界大学生运动会期待一对大熊猫的到来。(2011·深圳)

pants [pænts ] n. 裤子

拓  pantsuit n. 长裤与衣相配成套的便服

trousers n. 裤子,长裤

配  casual pants 休闲裤 hot pants 紧身短裤;热裤

例  How much is one pair of pants ? 一条裤子多少钱?(2009·乌鲁木齐)

paper [ˈpeɪpə ] n. (报)纸,论文

拓  paperwork n. 文书工作

配  on paper 以书面形式;在名义上

例  Paper provided an important way to communicate with knowledge. 纸为知识的交流提供了重要的途径。(2011·昆明)

To make sure that there are no mistakes, he will check the paper carefully. 他将仔细检查论文以确保无误。(2011·镇江)

pardon [ˈpɑːdn ] n. 原谅,宽恕

拓  pardonable a. 可原谅的

pardonably ad. 可原谅地;可宽恕地

配  beg your pardon 对不起,请原谅,请您再说一遍

例  —At lunch time I'd like to have a chat with you.

—Pardon ? Have what with me?

——午饭时间我想和你聊聊。

——对不起,想找我干吗?(2009·包头)

parent [ˈpeərənt ] n. 父亲,母亲,双亲

拓  parental a. 父母亲的,父母的

配  parent company 总公司,母公司

single parent 单亲;单身母亲;单身父亲

例  How often do you have a face-to-face talk with your parent(s) ? 你多长时间与你的父母进行一次面对面地交流?(2011·兰州)

park [pɑːk ] n. 公园 vt. 停放(汽车)

拓  parking a. 停车的 n. 停车

配  national park(美)国家公园

theme park(游乐园中的)主题乐园

例  There are many parks in Yancheng. Which is your favorite? 盐城有许多公园,你最喜欢哪一个?(2012·盐城)

If you have more than one car you will have to park it on the road. 如果你拥有的车超过一辆,你只能把车停在路上了。(2012·杭州)

parrot [ˈpærət ] n. 鹦鹉

例  I'll be away on holiday. Would you mind looking after my parrot ? 我要外出度假了,您介意帮我照看下鹦鹉吗?(2008·南京)

part [pɑːt ] n. 部分;角色;部件 a. 局部的,部分的 v. 分离,分开

拓  parted a. 分开的

配  in part 部分地;在某种程度上

take part in 参加,参与

part-time job 兼职

例  When the big earthquake hit Japan, people from different parts of the world helped a lot. 日本大地震后,世界各地的人们给予了很大帮助。(2011·陕西)

Why did the teacher change Frank's part in the school play? 为什么老师将弗兰克在这部学校话剧里的角色改变了?(2012·山西)

particular [pəˈtɪkjələ ] a. 特殊的,独特的

拓  particularly ad. 特别地,独特地

配  in particular 尤其,特别

例  In particular , trees are very important because they produce oxygen and control the climate.树木很重要尤其在于它能产生氧气,调节气温。(2009·辽宁)

partner [ˈpɑːtnə ] n. 伙伴,同伴,搭档

拓  partnership n. 合伙;合作关系;合伙契约

配  partner with 做伙伴

trading /business partner 贸易伙伴;合作伙伴

例  It's good to tell a study partner about your feeling. 告诉学习伙伴你的感受挺好的。(2011·安徽)

party [ˈpɑːti ] n. 聚会,晚会;党派

配  Communist Party of China n. 中国共产党

party member 党员

例  I am sorry for missing your birthday party . 很抱歉我没能参加你的生日派对。(2012·北京)

We are going to celebrate the 90th birthday of our Party on July 1st, 2011. 2011年7月1日,我们将庆祝建党90周年。(2011·盐城)

pass [pɑːs ] vt. 传,递;通过 vi. 经过 n. 通行证;通过

拓  passer n. 过路人;旅客;考试合格者

配  pass through 穿过……;通过……

pass on 传递;继续

pass by 经过;走过;逝去

例  How fast the time passed ! 时间过得真快啊!(2011·广州)

Will you please pass me a cup of tea? 请递给我一杯茶,好吗?(2011·金华)

passage [ˈpæsɪnʤ ] n. (文章等的)一节,一段;通道

配  safe passage 安全通行,安全通道

underground passage 地下通道;地底通道

例  This passage is mainly about the life of African Americans. 这篇文章主要描写非裔美国人的生活。(2012·无锡)

passenger [ˈpæsɪnʤə ] n. 乘客,旅客

配  passenger traffic 客运 passenger flow 客流 passenger train 客车

例  He has to be at the service of all kinds of passengers at all times. 他得随时为所有乘客服务。(2011·无锡)

The captain wishes the passengers a pleasant stay in New York. 船长希望乘客在纽约玩得愉快。(2012·河北)

passport [ˈpɑːspɔːt ] n. 护照

构  pass(n. 通过)+port(n. 港口)

例  He said his wallet and passport were in the jacket. 他说他的钱包和护照都在夹克口袋里。(2011·贵阳)

On Saturday, the opening day of the Expo, the 110,000 Expo passports were sold out within a few hours. 周六世博会开幕日,11万多个世博护照在几小时内销售一空。(2010·青岛)

past [pɑːst ] ad. 过 n. 过去,昔日 prep. 过……,经过

配  in the past 在过去

例  I don't know whether EXPO was held in our country in the past . 我不知道我们国家过去是否举办过世博会。(2010·黄石)

He gets back home at a quarter past six. 他六点一刻回到了家。(2011·南宁)

path [pɑːθ ] n. 小道,小径

拓  pathless a. 无路的;人迹罕到的

配  set sb. on the right path 使某人走上正路

例  Some cities now have special bicycle paths and many people cycle to work. 现在有些城市已经有了自行车专行道,许多人骑自行车上班。(2012·盐城)

If you ever find yourself in the path of a hurricane, be sure to remember the following safety tips. 如果你发现了自己在飓风影响的范围内,请一定要记住以下安全躲避的要点。(2011·南京)

patient [ˈpeɪʃnt ] n. 病人 a. 耐心的

拓  patiently ad. 耐心地;有毅力地

patience n. 耐性,耐心;忍耐,容忍

配  be patient with 对……有耐心

例  Are you patient enough to teach me how to send emails? 你有足够的耐心教我发电子邮件吗?(2011·镇江)

Did the doctor operate on the patients yesterday? 昨天这位医生为病人做手术了吗?(2010·江苏)

pay [peɪ ] v. (paid, paid) 付钱,给……报酬 n. 工资

拓  payment n. 付款;报酬

配  pay attention to 对……注意

pay for 支付,赔偿

pay back 偿还(借款),报答,报复

例  Nowadays more and more people pay attention to food safety. 如今越来越多的人关注食品安全。(2011·福建)

The money pays for the child's school expenses, food, medical care and clothing. 这些钱用于支付孩子们的学校开支、食物、医疗以及服装。(2011·上海)

P.E. [ˈpiːˈiː ]〈缩〉=physical education n. 体育

例  —What's your favorite subject?

—My favorite subject is P.E.

——你最喜欢哪门课?

——我最喜欢的科目是体育。(2011·湘西)

He is our new P.E. teacher. 他是我们新的体育老师。(2011·厦门)

P.C. [ˈpiːˈsiː ]〈缩〉=personal computer 个人电脑

例  They thought that the computer would be a very important tool in every office and in every home, so they began developing software for personal computers . 他们认为电脑将会是每个办公室和每个家庭非常重要的工具,所以他们开始研发个人电脑软件。(2011·南宁)

peace [piːs ] n. 和平

拓  peaceful a. 平静的;安宁的

配  make one's peace with sb. 与……和解,重新和好 at peace 处于平静状态

例  You'll enjoy better health and peace of mind. 你将拥有更健康的身体和平和的心态。(2009·河北)

They both wanted to break the world record for the longest handshake to bring more love and peace to the world. 他们俩都想打破世界最长握手时间的纪录,以带给世界更多的爱和和平。(2012·陕西)

peaceful [ˈpiːsfl ] a. 平静的;安宁的

构  peace(n. 和平)+ful(形容词后缀)

拓  peace n. 和平

例  Some colors make us feel calm and peaceful . 一些颜色使我们感到平静和安宁。(2011·宁波)

Hopefully, in the near future, humans can enjoy the clear and beautiful sky again and all the wildlife will live a peaceful and undisturbed life, too. 希望在不久的将来,人类可以重又享受到清晰美丽的天空,而所有的野生动物们也能过上平静自在的生活。(2009·常州)

pear [peə ] n. 梨;梨树

拓  pear-shaped a. 梨形的

例  Which do you like best, apples, pears or bananas? 苹果、梨和香蕉,你最喜欢哪种?(2009·包头)

peel [piːl ] vt. 剥皮,去皮

拓  peeling n. 剥皮,剥下的皮

配  peel off 剥去;脱掉

例  Peel the banana first and blend it with milk. 先剥掉香蕉皮,然后与牛奶混合。(2009·绵阳)

pen [pen ] n. 钢笔,笔

拓  pen-friend n. 笔友

配  pen pal 笔友

ball pen 圆珠笔

例  Peter, could you please lend me your pen ? 彼得,可以把笔借给我吗?(2011·贵阳)

pence [pens ] n. (复)便士,美分

拓  penny n. 〈单〉便士;美分

例  These pears are selling at 40 pence a kilo. 这些梨子售价每公斤40便士。

pencil [ˈpensl ] n. 铅笔

配  pencil sharpener 卷笔刀 eyebrow pencil 眉笔

例  Louisa didn't have a pencil , so I let her borrow mine. 路易莎没有铅笔,所以我把我的借给她了。(2011·黄冈)

penguin [ˈpeŋgwɪn ] n. 企鹅

例  He asked some birds if they knew where the penguin came from. 他问一些小鸟知不知道企鹅是从哪里来的。

penny [ˈpeni ](pl. pence)n. 〈英〉便士;美分

拓  pence n. (复)便士,美分

penniless adj. 身无分文的;贫穷的

配  not a penny 不名一文,一分钱也没有

例  —I think you can save money by yourself to buy a birthday present for your mother.

—OK. I'll try. I'll not let a penny waste.

——我认为你可以省着点钱给你妈妈买礼物。

——好的,我尽量。我不会浪费一分钱。(2011·湖北)

people [ˈpiːpl ] n. 人们;人民

拓  person n. 人(单)

例  Shakespeare's plays are seen by millions of people every year. 每年都有数以百万计的人观看莎士比亚的戏剧。(2011·天津)

per [pə ] prep. 经,由,靠

配  per cent 百分之……,百分数

例  Sound travels through air at a speed of about 340 metres per second. 声音通过空气,以每秒340米的速度传递。(2011·无锡)

percent [pəˈsent ] n. 百分之一;百分比 a. (与基数词连用)百分之……的

拓  percentage n. 百分比;百分率,百分数

配  one hundred percent 百分之百;不折不扣

例  They discovered that those who regularly ate apples were 20 percent less likely to suffer heart illnesses and stroke. 他们发现那些经常吃苹果的人,可能患心脏病和中风的几率低20%。(2011·常州)

perfect [ˈpɜ:fɪkt ] a. 完美的;全然的

构  per(词根表示完全,彻底)+fect(词根表示做,制造)

拓  perfectly ad. 完美地;完全地

perfection n. 完善;完美

配  perfect oneself in 精通;熟练;完全掌握

例  I'm sure she had been a perfect homemaker. 我确信她是一个完美的主妇。(2011·扬州)

You cannot expect to be perfect , so you must learn not to be too unhappy when you make a mistake. 你不能期望十全十美,所以你必须学会犯错误后不会太难过。(2011·镇江)

perform [pəˈfɔːm ] vt. & vi. 演出,表演,行动

拓  performance n. 表演,演出,行动

performer n. 表演者

配  perform an operation 动手术;做手术

perform a contract 执行合同

例  Young musicians from all over Germany perform at Young Scene Concert at Berlin's famous Quasimodo music hall. 全德国的年轻音乐家们齐聚柏林著名的卡西莫多音乐厅,为年轻人现场音乐会献上演出。(2012·烟台)

After the story was broadcast, some doctors called, offering to perform the operation for free. 新闻播出后,有些医生打电话来,表示愿意提供免费手术。(2008·南京)

performance [pəˈfɔːməns ] n. 表演,演出,行动

构  perform(v. 演出 表演)+ance(名词后缀)

拓  perform v. 表演,演出;行动

例  Jeremy Lin's excellent performances in basketball attracted the eyes of both Americans and Chinese this year . 杰里米·林(林书豪)今年在篮球场上优异的表现吸引了所有中国人和美国人的目光。(2012·深圳)

perhaps [pəˈhæps ] ad. 可能,也许

构  per(词根表示“由于”)+haps(词根表示“运气”)

拓  probably ad. 可能,或许

例  Natural gas perhaps will last about 38 years. 天然气资源也许还能用38年。(2011·哈尔滨)

period [ˈpɪəriəd ] n. 时期;时代

拓  periodic a. 周期的;定期的

periodical n. 期刊;杂志

配  period of time 一段时间;时段

例  It showed that it was quite safe for a man to be outside the spaceship for a certain period of time. 证据显示,在一定的时间里,人类走出太空舱是很安全的。(2009·黄冈)

permission [pəˈmɪʃn ] n. 允许,许可

构  permi(t)(v. 许可,允许,准许)+ssion(名词后缀)

拓  permit vi. & vt. 许可;允许

配  without permission 未经许可

with one's permission 如果……允许的话

ask for permission 征求许可;请求允许

例  Never smell or taste chemicals unless your teacher gives permission . 除非老师允许,否则不要闻或尝化学品。(2011·武汉)

person [ˈpɜ:sn ] n. 人

拓  people n. 人们(复)

personal a. 个人的,私人的

配  in person 亲自;外貌上

例  I met a strange person in World Expo 2010 Shanghai. 我在2010年上海世博会上遇见了一位奇怪的人。(2010·四川)

personal [ˈpɜ:sənl ] a. 个人的,私人的

构  person(n. 人)+al(形容词后缀)

拓  personally ad. 亲自地;当面;个别地

配  personal information 个人信息,个人情况;个人资料

personal data 个人资料

personal computer 个人电脑;个人计算机

personal income 个人所得,个人收入

例  It was a sadness that her sister never found lasting personal happiness. 她姐姐从未找到过个人长久的幸福,这是凄凉的。(2012·深圳)

pet [pet ] n. 宠物,爱畜

配  pet food 宠物食品

例  We all know that Millie has a pet dog named Eddie. 我们都知道米莉有只宠物狗叫埃迪。(2011·盐城)

phone [fəʊn ]=telephone v. 打电话 n. 电话;电话机

拓  phonecard n. 电话磁卡

配  on the phone 在打电话

phone call 电话

pay phone 自动收费的公用电话

例  Last week we phoned each other every day. 上周我们每天都通了电话。(2010·宁夏)

photo [ˈfəʊtəʊ ] n.(=photograph)照片

拓  photographer n. 摄影师

配  photo album 相册;相簿 take a photo 拍照

例  Maybe you can send me a few photos of your city today. 或许你可以给我一些你所在城市的近况照片。(2012·陕西)

physics [ˈfɪzɪks ] n. 物理(学)

拓  physical a. [物]物理的;身体的;物质的

physicist n. 物理学家;唯物论者

例  Jessica solved the physics problems without any help. 杰西卡独立解答出了物理问题。(2012·上海)

piano [pɪˈænəʊ ] n. 钢琴

拓  pianist n. 钢琴家,钢琴演奏家

配  play the piano 弹钢琴

例  I often ask my music teacher how can I play the piano well. 我经常请教音乐老师怎样才能弹好钢琴。(2010·广东)

pick [pɪk ] v. 拾起;采集;挑选

配  pick up 捡起;获得;收拾;接某人

pick out 挑选出

例  Then he bent down, picked another starfish, and threw it into the sea. 然后他弯下腰,捡起另一只海星,扔回了海里。(2012·盐城)

I had to go to the airport at 9:00 am to pick up Uncle Jim and take him to my father's house. 我得早上九点赶到机场接吉米叔叔,送他去我父亲那里。(2012·烟台)

picnic [ˈpɪknɪk ] n. & v. (picnicked, picnicked) 野餐

配  go on for a picnic 去野餐

例  Boys and girls, pick up the litter after the picnic , please. 孩子们,野餐后请收拾好垃圾。(2011·上海)

picture [ˈpɪktʃə ] n. 图片,照片

配  out of the picture 不合适,不相干的

take a picture 照相

例  Today's TV screens are thinner and thinner, yet the pictures are better and better. 现在的电视屏幕越来越薄,但是画面却越来越清晰。(2012·河北)

Listen and match the picture to the sentence you hear. 根据你听到的句子,选出内容相符的图片。(2011·上海)

pie [paɪ ] n. 派,馅饼;饼图

配  apple pie 苹果派;苹果馅饼

例  The banana pie tastes delicious. Could I have another one? 这个香蕉馅饼尝起来味道很好,我能再要一个吗?(2011·山东潍坊)

piece [piːs ] n. 一块(片,张,件……)

配  a piece of 一片,一块 a piece of cake 小菜一碟

例  Then I began to learn that“a piece of cake”is not only a piece of cake, but also means a thing that is very easy. 那时我才明白,一小块蛋糕不仅仅指的是一小块蛋糕的意思,也可指轻而易举的事情。(2010·南宁)

pierce [pɪəs ] vt. 刺穿,刺破

配  pierce through 突破,穿刺入

例  One bullet pierced the left side of his chest. 一颗子弹射入了他的左胸。

pig [pɪg ] n. 猪

配  when pigs fly 永无可能;决不可能

例  I am going to make a special house for my pet pig this weekend. 本周末我打算为我的宠物猪做一个特别的房子。(2011·湖南)

pilot [ˈpaɪlət ] n. 飞行员

配  pilot test 小规模试验;初步试验

例  How much time do pilots actually spend flying a plane? 飞行员驾驶飞机的实际花费时间是多少?(2011·青岛)

ping-pong [ˈpɪŋpɒŋ ] n. 乒乓球

拓  table tennis n. 乒乓球

配  play pingpong 打乒乓

例  I almost have no free time for my hobbies, such as playing volleyball and ping-pong . 我几乎没有空余时间来从事我的爱好活动例如打排球、乒乓球。(2012·广州)

pink [pɪŋk ] a. 粉红色的 n. 粉红色

配  in the pink 非常健康;气色红润;精力充沛

例  Bonnie looks very smart and is always in pink because pink is her favorite color. 邦妮看起来很时尚。她总是穿着粉红色的衣服,因为粉红是她最喜欢的颜色。(2011·绵阳)

pioneer [ˌpaɪəˈnɪə ] n. 先锋,开拓者

配  young pioneer 少先队员

例  What if I am a pioneer , or even a genius? 要是我是个开拓者,甚至是个天才怎么办?

pity [ˈpɪti ] n. 怜悯,同情

拓  pitiful a. 可怜的,令人同情的

配  what a pity 多可惜啊

have/take pity on 怜悯,同情

例  How great O'Neal is! But it is a pity that he has decided not to play basket-ball. 奥尼尔真棒啊!可惜他决定不打篮球了。(2011·黄石)

place [pleɪs ] n. 地方,处所 v. 放置;安排

配  in place 适当,适当的;在适当的地方,在恰当的位置

take place 发生;举行

in the first place 首先;起初

例  The importance is placed on how to arrive at an answer and not only to get the correct answer. 重要性在于追寻答案的过程而非正确答案本身。(2006·南京)

Great changes have taken place in China in the past ten years. 在过去的十年里,中国发生了巨大变化。(2010·盐城)

plain [pleɪn ] a. 家常的,普通的

拓  plainly ad. 明白地;坦率地;平坦地;朴素地

配  be plain with you 坦率地告诉你,老实对你说

in plain sight 显而易见;一览无遗

例  They prefer their tea plain , with nothing else in it. 他们喜欢素茶,什么都不加。(2009·辽宁)

But he himself lives a plain life. 但是他自己的生活却很朴素。(2010·黄冈)

plan [plæn ] n. & v. 计划,打算

拓  planning n. 规划;计划编制 planner n. 计划者,规划师 planless a. 无计划的

配  plan for 为……订计划 plan on 打算,计划

例  We have no choice but to give up the travel plan . 我们别无选择,只能放弃旅行计划。(2011·镇江)

plane [pleɪn ] n. (=aeroplane) 飞机配 by plane 乘飞机 on a plane 在飞机上

例  The best way to reach the Angel Falls is to take a plane . 去安赫尔瀑布最好的方式就是坐飞机。(2012·大连)

planet [ˈplænɪt ] n. 行星

例  After spending years searching for a planet with life, scientists may have found one. 科学家花费了毕生精力,可能已经找到了一颗行星。(2011·扬州)

plant [plɑːnt ] vt. 种植,播种 n. 植物

拓  planting n. 种植,栽培

配  in plant 生长着,活着

plant oneself 站立不动,安家落户

例  I'm glad to find that many trees were planted in our city last year. 我很高兴地发现在我们的城市去年种了许多树。(2011·重庆)

There are also thousands of different plants —and lots of tall trees! 还有数千种不同的植物和许多大树!(2012·盐城)

plastic [ˈplæstɪk ] a. 塑料的 n. (常用 pl. )塑料

配  plastic bag 塑料袋;塑胶袋

例  We should take our own cloth bags when shopping instead of using plastic bags. 我们应该在购物时带上自己的布制购物袋,不用塑料袋。(2009·呼和浩特)

plate [pleɪt ] n. 板;片;牌;盘子

拓  plateful n. 一盘,满盘

配  license plate 牌照

例  After the waiter took away the plate and the cup, the old man said,“Sorry for giving you too much trouble”. 在服务员拿走盘子和杯子后,老人说:“抱歉给你添太多麻烦了。”(2012·广州)

Earthquakes happen when two plates move against each other. 当两个(地理)板块互相碰撞,地震就发生了。(2010·阜康)

play [pleɪ ] v. 玩;打(球);游戏 n. 玩耍;戏剧

拓  player n. 运动员,比赛者;游戏者,表演者

playful a. 开玩笑的;幽默的

配  play an important role 起到重要作用

play with 与……一起玩

例  It took my brother a week to teach me how to play the guitar. 哥哥花了一个星期教我弹吉他。(2011·北京)

The TV play is about a true story that happened in Mianyang in 1998. 这部电视剧改编于1998年绵阳发生的真实事件。(2010·绵阳)

playground [ˈpleɪgraʊnd ] n. 操场,运动场

构  play(v. 玩;打(球))+ground(n. 地面)

例  Look! He is playing tennis on the playground . 瞧!他正在球场打网球。(2010·宁夏)

pleasant [ˈpleznt ] a. 令人愉快的,舒适的

构  pleas(e)(v. 使愉快)+ant(形容词后缀)

拓  unpleasant a. 不悦的,不愉快的

pleasantly ad. 愉快地;和蔼地,亲切地

配  pleasant to hear 好听;入耳

have a pleasant journey 一路顺风

例  A pleasant smile costs the least and does the most. 一个愉快的笑容所费最少,所得却最多。(2010·哈尔滨)

please [pliːz ] vt. 请;使人高兴 ad. 请

拓  pleased a. 高兴的,愉快的

pleasure n. 高兴,愉快

配  as you please 随你的意思,随你喜欢

例  Boys and girls, look at the blackboard, please . 同学们,请看黑板。(2011·柳州)

pleased [pliːzd ] a. 高兴的,愉快的

构  pleas(e)(v. 使人高兴)+ed(形容词后缀)

拓  please vt. 请;使人高兴

配  pleased with oneself 自鸣得意

pleased with 对……感到高兴;对……感到满意

pleased to meet you 见到你很高兴

例  She was so pleased with Tom's work that she gave Tom a large cake! 她对汤姆的工作如此满意,以至于她给了他一大块蛋糕。(2012·盐城)

His mother was always pleased to receive his letters. 他的母亲总是很喜欢收到他的来信。(2011·上海)

pleasure [ˈpleʒə ] n. 高兴,愉快

构  pleas(e)(v. 使人高兴)+ure(名词后缀)

配  with pleasure 愉快地;乐意地;愿意

for pleasure 为了消遣;为了取乐

take pleasure in 乐于;喜欢

例  The book you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation. 用于消遣的书可以在休闲的时候看。(2011·河南)

I hope I have time left to enjoy the success of others and to take pleasure in the day. 我希望我有时间剩下来可以分享别人成功的快乐,满足于今日的生活。(2011·杭州)

plenty [ˈplenti ] n. 充足,大量

拓  plentiful a. 丰富的;许多的;丰饶的

配  plenty of 大量;很多;许多

in plenty 大量;充足

例  There are plenty of reasons why a kid shouldn't cheat, but some students have already cheated. 有充足的理由说明孩子不应该作弊,但是有些学生已经作弊了。(2010·宜昌)

p.m. ad. 午后(的),下午(的)

例  Please pay for the tickets before 5:00 p.m. . 请在下午五点前付款买票。(2011·黄冈)

pocket [ˈpɒkɪt ] n. (衣服的)口袋

构  pock(词根表示袋)+et(后缀表示小)

配  in pocket 有钱;赢钱,赚钱

pocket money 零用钱

pocket PC 掌上电脑;袖珍型电脑

例  When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. 我的儿子马克,三年级时存了三个月全部的零用钱,用来买假日礼物。(2011·河南)

There was a hole in his pocket , but no money. 他的口袋有个洞,但是没钱。(2011·河南)

poem [ˈpəʊɪm ] n. 诗

拓  poetry n. 诗歌(总称)

配  narrative poem 叙事诗;叙述诗

prose poem n. 散文诗

例  They made poems and wrote Chinese calligraphy. 他们作诗,表演中国书法。(2010·广东)

poet [ˈpəʊɪt ] n. 诗人

拓  poetic a. 诗的,诗歌的;诗意的;诗人的

配  poet laureate 桂冠诗人;优秀的诗人

例  As the Russian poet Pushkin said,“Inspiration is needed in geometry just as much as in poetry.”正如俄罗斯诗人普希金所说:“灵感对于几何学,如同灵感对于诗歌一样必不可少。”(2012·北京)

point [pɔɪnt ] v. 指,指向 n. 点;分数

拓  pointless a. 无意义的

配  point of view 观点;见地;立场

point out 指出,指明

to the point 切题的,切中的

例  When I was about 12, a girl in my class liked to point out my problems. 当我大约12岁时,我班上的一个女生喜欢指出我的问题。(2011·包头)

Children can score a point by reading 10 books or 1,000 pages. 孩子们阅读10本书或1000页书,可以得一分。(2009·大连)

police [pəˈliːs ] n. (pl. ) 警察,警务人员;(the~)警察,警方

拓  policeman n. 警察

配  call the police 报警

police station 派出所;警察局;公安局

例  Try to remember what the robber looks like and tell the police later. 试着回忆劫匪的长相,然后告诉警察。(2011·乌鲁木齐)

policeman [pəˈliːsmən ] n. (pl. ~men)警察;巡警

构  police(n. (pl.) 警察,警务人员;(the ~)警察,警方)+man(n. 男人)

拓  police-officer n. 警官,警察

例  I would like to be a policeman when I grow up. Police can protect them from being hurt. 长大后我想当警察。保护人们不受伤害。(2010·咸宁)

policewoman [pəˈliːswʊmən ] n. (pl. ~women)女警察

构  police(n. (pl.) 警察,警务人员;(the ~)警察,警方)+woman(n. 女人)

例  She's a bank clerk, but she wants to be a policewoman . 她是银行柜台工作人员,但是她想当警察。(2011·黄冈)

policy [ˈpɒlɪsi ] n. 政策;方针

构  poli(s)(n. 城市,国家)+cy(名词后缀)

配  foreign policy 外交政策

public/national policy 国家政策

例  Thanks to the policy , the government is sending home-electric machines to farmers, they can pay much less money. 多亏了(家电下乡)政策,政府送家电下乡,农民可以节约许多的费用。(2009·黄冈)

politics [ˈpɒlɪtɪks ] n. 政治

构  poli(s)(n. 城市,国家)+tics(词根表示学科)

拓  political a. 政治的;党派的 politically ad. 政治上 politician n. 政治家,政客

例  They also listen to the news about sports, the weather, politics , and activities of American people. 他们同样也听有关体育、天气、政治和美国人的活动的新闻。(2009·山西)

polite [pəˈlaɪt ] a. 有礼貌的,有教养的

拓  impolite a. 不礼貌的

politely ad. 有礼貌的,客气的

配  polite society 上流社会;文雅社会

例  It's not polite to point at anyone with chopsticks at the dinner table. 吃饭的时候用筷子指着别人是不礼貌的。(2009·青岛)

pollute [pəˈluːt ] vt. 污染

拓  polluted a. 受污染的;被玷污的

pollution n. 污染

例  Acid rain pollutes our soil and crops, harms trees, and can even kill fish and plants. 酸雨会污染土地和农作物,也会导致动植物死亡。(2011·苏州)

U.S. Senator Gaylord Nelson first thought of the idea for Earth Day in 1962 when he saw polluted rivers and cities covered with smoke. 美国参议员盖罗德·尼尔森看到污染了的河水和烟雾弥漫的城市后,于1962年率先提出“地球日”。(2009·青岛)

pollution [pəˈluːʃn ] n. 污染

构  pollu(te)(vt. 污染)+tion(名词后缀)

拓  pollutant n. 污染物

polluter n. 污染者;污染源;污染物质

配  environment pollution n. 环境污染

例  In fact, the air pollution here is getting more and more serious. 事实上,这里的空气污染变得越来越严重了。(2011·清远)

pond [pɒnd ] n. 池塘

例  Acid rain poisons our rivers, ponds , lakes, and oceans along with all the life in them. 酸雨毒害了河流、池塘、湖、海洋以及里面所有的生物。(2011·苏州)

pool [puːl ] n. 水塘,水池

配  swimming pool 游泳池

indoor swimming pool 室内游泳池

例  I still get nervous if I'm in a pool alone. 如果一个人在泳池,我仍然会紧张。(2010·佛山)

poor [pʊə ] a. 贫穷的;可怜的;差的

拓  poorly a. 身体不舒服的;心情恶劣的 ad. 贫穷地;贫乏地;不充分地

配  as poor as a rat 一贫如洗 be poor in/at 贫乏

例  Recently two charity shows have been held successfully in Yancheng to raise money for the poor children. 最近,盐城已经成功地举办了两场为贫困儿童筹款的慈善演出。(2011·盐城)

He's poor at spelling. He made a lot of spelling mistakes in his writing. 他拼写不够好,写作中出现了许多拼写错误。(2012·杭州)

pop [pɒp ] a. (=popular)〈口〉(音乐、艺术等)大众的,通俗的

配  pop music 流行音乐

pop star 歌星;流行歌手

pop culture 流行文化;通俗文化

例  In their spare time, most students like to listen to pop music. 大多数学生在业余时间喜欢听流行音乐。(2011·温州)

popular [ˈpɒpjələ ] a. 流行的,大众的,受欢迎的

拓  popularity n. 普及,流行;受大众欢迎

popularly ad. 流行地;通俗地;普及地

配  popular with 受……欢迎;有好评

popular among 受……欢迎

例  The song is becoming widely popular . 这首歌正在广泛流行开来。

population [ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn ] n. 人口,人数

构  popula(te)(v. 使人民居住,移民)+tion(名词后缀)

拓  populous a. 人口稠密的;人口多的

populate v. 居住于;构成人口;移民于

配  population growth 人口的增长

例  The population is growing fast. 人口增长很快。(2011·南宁)

pork [pɔːk ] n. 猪肉

配  pork chop 猪排 roast pork 烤猪肉,叉烧

例  She often feels tired and doctor suggests that she eat some more meat such as beef or pork . 她经常觉得疲惫,医生建议她多吃些肉类食品例如牛肉或猪肉。(2011·杭州)

porridge [ˈpɒrɪʤ ] n. 麦片粥,粥

配  plain porridge 白粥 rice porridge 稀饭

例  While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge , eggs or toast. 其他孩子早餐可以吃糖果,而我只能喝粥,吃鸡蛋或面包。(2011·黄冈市)

position [pəˈzɪʃn ] n. 位置

构  pos(e→i)(n. 姿势,姿态)+tion(名词后缀)

拓  pose n. 姿势,姿态;装模作样 v. 造成,形成;摆姿势;装模作样;提出;讨论

配  be in a position to 能够;有做……的机会

例  your sleeping position shows the real you. 你睡觉的姿势可以揭示真正的你。(2011·河南)

You must stand in other person's position and look at the situation through their eyes in order to truly understand their ideas. 你必须设身处地,从他们的角度看问题,才能真正理解他们的想法。(2012·山西)

possible [ˈpɒsəbl ] a. 可能的

拓  impossible a. 不可能 possibility n. 可能性

possibly ad. 可能地;也许;大概

配  as much as possible 尽可能

if possible 如果可能的话;如有可能

make it possible 使它变成可能

例  The best way to learn English is to speak as much as possible . 学英语最好的方法是尽可能地多说。(2010·山东)

post [pəʊst ] n. 邮政;邮件 v. 投寄,邮寄 n. 柱 vt. 张贴(布告等)n. 职务;职位

拓  postal a. 邮政的;邮局的

poster n. 海报,广告;招贴

postage n. 邮资,邮费

配  post office 邮局

by post 以写信的方式

Washington Post 华盛顿邮报

例  I want to post a letter. 我要寄封信。(2009·达州)

postcard [ˈpəʊstkɑːd ] n. 明信片

构  post(n. 邮政;邮件)+card(n. 卡片)

例  You can always see or get a lot of newly-designed postcards , especially on New Year's Day. 你可能经常看到或收到新设计的明信片,尤其是新年。(2011·河北)

poster [ˈpəʊstə ] n. 招贴海报

构  post(n. 邮政;邮件)+er(名词后缀)

配  poster design 海报设计

poster board 广告纸板;海报用纸

例  Put up some posters to ask them not to litter. 张贴一些海报让他们别乱扔垃圾。(2009·宁波)

postman [ˈpəʊstmən ] n. 邮递员

构  post(n. 邮政;邮件)+man(n. 人)

拓  mailman n. 邮递员

例  That postman is in charge of this route. 那个邮递员负责这条投递线路。

posting [ˈpəʊstɪŋ ] n. 公布;邮递;布置构 post(n. 邮政;邮件)+ing(名词后缀)

例  Postings on the Internet can be accessed from anywhere in the world. 互联网上的帖子可以从世界任何地方看到。

potato [pəˈteɪtəʊ ] n. (pl. potatoes) 土豆,马铃薯

配  sweet potato 甘薯

couch potato 成天躺着或坐在沙发上看电视的人;极为懒惰的人

hot potato[口]烫手山芋(喻指棘手的问题)

例  And sometimes, if you are unhappy, you usually prefer being a couch potato , right? 有时候,如果不开心,你会宁愿整天坐在沙发上看电视,是吗?(2011·沈阳)

She likes fish and potato chips. 她喜欢吃鱼和薯条。(2011·杭州)

pound [paʊnd ] n. 磅;英镑

配  by the pound 按每磅(计价)

例  Our notebook computer weighs 5 pounds and costs about $2,000. 我们的笔记本有5磅重,大概要花2000美元。(2011·扬州)

They will cost you a few pounds , though. Take a taxi once, for the experience. 虽然要花你几英镑,坐一次出租车吧,就当体验了。(2012·上海)

power [ˈpaʊə ] n. 力量;能力;势力;权力;动力;功率

拓  powerful a. 强大的;强有力的

powerless a. 无力的

配  come to power(开始)掌权,上台

in power 当权的,在朝的

例  Many power stations burn fuels in order to create the electricity that we use in our homes and offices everyday. 许多发电厂用燃料发电,供我们家庭和单位每天的用度。(2011·苏州)

Never underestimate the power of your actions. With one small action, you can change a person's life. 永远不要低估行动的力量。你一个小小的行为,也许可以改变一个人的人生。(2009·哈尔滨市)

powerful [ˈpaʊəf ] a. 强有力的,强大的

构  power(n. 力量;能力)+ful(形容词后缀)

拓  powerfully ad. 强大地;强烈地;非常

例  Athens, the capital of Greece, is knows as the birthplace of Western civilization. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world's most powerful city. 希腊首都雅典,以西方文明发源地而闻名。2400多年前,它是世界上最强大的城市。(2008·南京)

practical [ˈpræktɪkl ] a. 实践的,实际的

构  practic(e)(n. 练习)+al(形容词后缀)

拓  practice n. 实践;练习;惯例

practically ad. 实际地;几乎;事实上

配  practical application 实际应用

practical use 实际用途;实用

例  Learning how to cook is not only a practical skill but a way of building a bridge to other people. 学习如何烹饪不仅仅是一项实用的技能,也是一个与人沟通的方式。(2011·扬州)

practice [ˈpræktɪs ] n. 练习 v. (英practise)练习,实践

拓  practiced a. 熟练的;有经验的;老练的

practicer n. 练习者,实践者

配  in practice 在实践中;实际上,事实上

into practice 实施;实行

Practise what you preach. 身体力行。

例  In order to speak English better, we shouldn't be afraid of losing face, because the most important thing is to practice . Remember, practice makes perfect. 为了说好英语,我们不应当害怕丢面子,因为最重要的就是实践。记住,熟能生巧。(2011·哈尔滨)

praise [preɪz ] n. & vt. 赞扬,表扬

拓  praiseworthy a. 值得称颂的

配  in praise of 歌颂;为赞扬

praise for 因为……赞美

beyond (all) praise 赞美不尽

例  Many teenagers think that happiness comes from good grades or praise from other people. 许多青少年认为,快乐来自好分数或别人的赞扬。(2009·长春)

prepare [prɪˈpeə ] vt. 准备;配制

拓  prepared a. 准备好的 preparation n. 预备;准备

配  prepare for 为……准备,使有准备

prepare for the worst 作最坏的打算

例  I know how hard you have all worked to prepare for this test. 我知道你们有多努力地准备这次测验。(2011·十堰)

present [ˈpreznt ] a. 出席的 n. 礼物

拓  presently ad. (美)目前;不久

presence n. 存在;出席;参加

配  at present 目前,现在

for the present 暂时;当前

例  He said that he would give her the present as soon as she came back. 他说等她一回来就把礼物送给她。(2010·兰州)

However, Barbie is facing some trouble at present . 无论如何,芭比目前面对着很多麻烦。(2012·广州)

president [ˈprezɪdənt ] n. 总统;主席

构  pre(前缀表示“在……前”)+sid(词根表示“坐”)+ent(词根表示“人”)

拓  presidency n. 总统(或董事长、会长、大学校长等)的职位(任期);管辖

配  vice president 副总统;副主席

honorary president 名誉会长,名誉主席

例  “ Many teachers are under greater pressure than ever before,”says Kylene Beers, President of the National Council for teachers of English. “许多教师承受比以前更多的压力”,英语教师国家委员会主席比尔斯说。(2011·沈阳)

pretty [ˈprɪti ] a. 漂亮的

配  pretty soon 不久 pretty good 非常好

例  To celebrate Barbie's birthday, some beautiful ladies wore the same pretty dresses as Barbie dolls'. 为了庆祝芭比娃娃的生日,一些美女穿着和芭比娃娃一样的漂亮的衣服。(2009·青海)

That sounds like a pretty good idea. 听起来这主意真不错!(2006·武汉)

prevent [prɪˈvent ] vt. 防止,预防

构  pre(前缀表示“提前”)+vent(词根表示“来”)

拓  prevention n. 预防;阻止;妨碍

配  prevent from 阻止,制止;妨碍

例  How can we prevent acid rain? 怎样防止酸雨现象发生?(2011·苏州)

price [praɪs ] n. 价格,价钱

拓  priceless a. 无价的;极贵重的

配  at any price 无论花多大代价;无论如何

without price 宝贵的,无价的

例  Liuxiang's success came at a price with a lot of hard work. 刘翔的成功是以大量的努力为代价的。(2012·深圳)

pride [praɪd ] n. 自豪,骄傲

拓  proud a. 自豪的,得意的,骄傲的

配  take pride in 以……为傲

例  Every middle school student is supposed to take pride in themselves because each of them has good points. 每个中学生都应该为自己感到自豪,因为每个人都有优点。(2010·乌鲁木齐)

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。(2010·常州)

primary [ˈpraɪməri ] a. 初级的;主要的

构  prima(l)(a. 最初的)+ry(名词后缀)

拓  primarily ad. 首先;主要地,根本上

配  primary school 小学

primary education 初等教育

例  In the UK, children start primary school at the age of five and stay until they are eleven. 英国的学生5岁上小学直到11岁。(2009·青海)

Use primary colors red, yellow and blue in a proper Way. 请用正确方法使用红黄蓝三原色。(2012·南通)

prince [prɪns ] n. 王子

拓  princess n. 公主

配  live like a prince 过王侯般的奢侈生活,养尊处优

例  The wedding of Prince William and Kate on April 29 was so striking that a lot of tourists went there to watch it. 威廉王子和凯特4月29日的婚礼如此引人注目,致使大量游客前去观看。(2011·四川乐山)

princess [ˈprɪnˈses ] n. 公主

构  prince(n. 王子)+ess(名词后缀表女性)

拓  prince n. 王子

例  When I was in the third grade, I was chosen to be the princess in the school play. 我读三年级的时候,被选中在学校剧目中扮演公主。(2010·常州)

print [prɪnt ] vt. 印刷

拓  printer n. 打印机;印刷工

printing n. 印刷;印刷术

配  in print 已出版;在销售中 print out(打)印出

例  Users can also print the pages on paper if they want to. 如果用户需要,也可以将这些页面打印出来。(2010·深圳)

printer [ˈprɪntə ] n. 打印机

构  print(vt. 印刷)+er(名词后缀)

配  laser printer 激光印刷机

ink jet printer 喷墨式打印机;喷墨印表机

例  His father died when he was just 12 years old and Clemens then went to work for a printer to help support his family. 克莱曼先生还只有12岁时,父亲就过世了。他于是干起了印刷工来帮忙养家。(2010·沈阳)

prison [ˈprɪzn ] n. 监狱

拓  prisoner a. 囚犯的 n. 战俘

配  in prison 坐牢 break prison 越狱

go to prison 入狱;被监禁

例  —Drunken drive is dangerous, isn't it?

—Yeah. That why drunken drivers are sent to prison even without causing accidents.

——酒后开车很危险,是吗?

——是的。这就是酒后开车的司机被送进监狱的原因,哪怕没有发生事故。(2011·绵阳)

prisoner [ˈprɪznə ] n. 囚犯构 prison(n. 监狱)+er(名词后缀)

配  prisoner of war 战俘 political prisoner 政治犯

例  He wrote that he was in a Japanese prisoner of war camp. 他写道他曾经在日本的战俘营待过。(2011·上海)

private [ˈpraɪvɪt ] a. 私人的

拓  privately ad. 私下地;秘密地

配  in private 私下地;秘密地

private property 私有财产;私有制

例  Finally, Snoopy, Charlie Brown's lovable dog who lives in his own private dream world, also had his “50th birthday”celebrated by China's Snoopy fans in 2000. 最终,在2000年,中国史努比迷为查理·布朗可爱的小狗——生活在他个人梦中世界的小狗——史努比,举办了50岁的“生日会”。(2010·大连)

prize [praɪz ] n. 奖赏,奖品

拓  prizeless a. 未获奖的

配  first prize 一等奖 prize winner 得奖者

例  He won the Nobel Prize in 1954 mainly because of the novel The Old Man and the Sea . 他主要凭借小说《老人与海》,获得了1954年的诺贝尔文学奖。(2012·温州)

probable [ˈprɒbəbl ] a. 很有可能的

拓  probably ad. 大概;或许;很可能

配  most probable 最可能的

例  It seems very probable that my neighbor wanted to please his mother. 看起来非常有可能,我邻居想要取悦他的母亲。(2009·宁夏)

probably [ˈprɒbəbli ] ad. 很可能,大概

构  probab (le)(a. )+ly(副词后缀)

拓  probable a. 很可能的;可信的

例  We'll probably finish the work before 10:00. 我们可能会在十点前完成工作任务。(2012·河北)

We would probably be bored to death. 我们可能会要无聊死了。(2012·济南)

problem [ˈprɒbləm ] n. 问题,难题

配  difficult problem 难题 no problem 没问题

例  No matter how difficult the problem is, I will try my best to work it out. 无论这道题有多难,我都将尽力把它解出来。(2010·四川)

produce [prəˈdjuːs ] vt. 生产;制造

拓  product n. 产品;结果 production n. 生产

producer n. 制作人,制片人;生产者

例  But in my opinion, the best thing is a bicycle. They don't produce any pollution and help you to keep fit at the same time. 但是依我看,最好的是自行车。他们不会产生任何污染,同时还能帮助你减肥。(2012·山西)

production [prəˈdʌkʃn ] n. 生产

构  produc(e )(vt. 生产;制造)+tion(名词后缀)

拓  productive a. 能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的

配  make a production (out) of 对……作不必要的发挥

例  They think that all our problems will soon be solved by car companies with the production of the Supercar. 他们以为随着超级轿车的生产,我们所有的问题都会被汽车公司很快解决。(2008·南京)

program [ˈprəʊgræm ](英 programme)n. 节目,节目表 vt. 把程序输入,为……编制程序

构  pro(前缀表示在前)+gram(词根表示写)

配  computer program 计算机程序

TV program 电视节目

例  In the end, they worked out a software program with the old machine. 最后他们在一台旧机器上终于开发出了一个电脑软件程序。(2011·南宁)

progress [ˈprəʊgres ] n. 进步,上进 vi. 进展,进行

构  pro(词根表示向前)+gress(词根表示步,走)

配  in progress 正在进行;在发展中

例  I didn't know if you had made progress last year. 我不知道你去年是否取得了进步。(2010·荆州)

As the transfusion progressed , he lay in bed next to his sister and smiled, seeing the colour returning to her face. 随着输血的进行,躺在姐姐隔壁的床上的他,笑看着血色逐渐回到她的脸上。(2010·佛山)

promise [ˈprɒmɪs ] n. & vi. 答应,允诺

拓  promising a. 有希望的,有前途的

配  promise oneself 指望

keep promise 守信

make a promise 允许;允诺

例  I cannot promise you anything at this moment, but I will try my best. 此刻我没办法许诺你什么,但是我会尽全力。(2012·无锡)

pronounce [prəˈnaʊns ] vt. 发音

拓  pronunciation n. 发音;读法

例  He helps kids pronounce English words properly. 他帮助学生们正确地英语单词发音。(2012·山西)

pronunciation [prəˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃn ] n. 发音

构  pronounc(e→i)(vt. 发音)+ation(名词后缀)

例  Which of the following underlined parts has different pronunciation ? 以下的画线部分中,哪个的发音不同?(2012·湖北咸宁)

proper [ˈprɒpə ] a. 恰当的,合适的

拓  properly ad. 适当地;正确地;恰当地

配  proper time 适当的时候 proper for 适合

例  A proper diet can have a good effect on your mental health. 正确的饮食可以对心理健康产生良好的影响。(2011·常州)

properly [ˈprɒpəli ] ad. 恰当地,正确地

构  proper(a. 恰当的,合适的)+ly(副词后缀)

拓  proper a. 恰当的,合适的

配  behave properly 行为正当

例  However, you have to know how to treat a snake properly ! 无论如何,你得知道怎么正确对待一条蛇。(2012·苏州)

protect [prəˈtekt ] vt. 保护

构  pro(前缀表示前)+tect(词根表示遮盖起来,引申为保护)

拓  protection n. 保护;防卫 protective a. 保护的

protector n. 保护者

配  protect against 使免受

protect from 使免受,保护

例  Everyone should do something to help protect the Earth's natural environment. 每个人都应该做些有助于保护地球自然环境的事。(2011·柳州)

proud [praʊd ] a. 自豪的,骄傲的

拓  proudly ad. 傲慢地,自负地;得意洋洋地

配  proud of 为……而感到骄傲

例  If someone looks very proud or satisfied with himself, we say he looks like the cat that ate the canary. 如果一个人看起来很自满或骄傲,我们说他看起来像偷吃了腥的猫。(2011·芜湖)

prove [pruːv ] vt. 证明 vi. 证明是,结果是

拓  proof n. 证明

配  prove to be 结果是,证明为

例  She proved to be highly professional at her job. 她证明了她在工作上的高度专业。(2011·温州)

provide [prəˈvaɪd ] vt. 提供

拓  provider n. 供应者;养家者

配  provide for 供养,供给;规定;为……作准备

provide with 供给

例  Playing basketball games can provide us with chances to learn team spirits. 参加篮球比赛能给我们提供学习团队精神的机会。(2010·盐城)

public [ˈpʌblɪk ] a. 公共的,公众的 n. 公众

拓  publicly ad. 公然地;以公众名义

配  in public ad. 公开地,当众

public security 公共安全

public opinion 民意;公众舆论

例  He said he would make his study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year. 他说在明年早些时候,他要把关于鱼类的研究刊登在美国杂志上公之于众。(2011·包头)

pull [pʊl ] v. 拉,拖 n. 拉力,引力

拓  push v. 推

配  pull down 摧毁,推翻;拉下来

例  A lady was pulling a bag of rubbish. 一位女士正拖着一袋垃圾。(2011·南京)

If they want to go faster, they get dogs to pull them on sleds. 如果他们想走得快些,可以坐在雪橇上让狗来拉。(2011·无锡)

punish [ˈpʌnɪʃ ] v. 惩罚,处罚

拓  punishment n. 惩罚

配  punish for 处罚,惩罚 punish with 用……惩罚

例  He would punish the assistant for having destroyed his painting. 他会因为助理损坏了他的画而惩罚他。(2009·烟台)

pupil [ˈpjuːpl ] n. (小)学生

拓  college student 大学生

例  Before the dance, pupils are given lessons in dancing. 跳舞之前,学生们要上舞蹈课。(2011·厦门)

purple [ˈpɜ:pl ] a. 紫色的 n. 紫色

配  purple flower 紫花;紫罗兰

born in the purple 出身显贵

例  You mean the purple sweater or the blue one? 你是指那件紫色毛衣还是蓝色的那件?(2010·泰安)

purpose [ˈpɜ:pəs ] n. 目的,意图

构  pro(前缀表示在……之前)+pose(词根表示放)

拓  purposely 故意地;蓄意地

配  for the purpose 为某目的

on purpose 有目的地,故意地

with the purpose of 目的是;为了……

例  Beside learning a practical skill, another purpose of learning to cook is to make friends. 除了学习实用技能,学习烹饪的另一个目的是交朋友。(2011·扬州)

purse [pɜ:s ] n. 钱包

拓  wallet n. 男用皮夹

例  I thought I lost my purse , but I didn't. I found it in my study! 我以为钱包丢了,其实没有。我在书房找着了!(2012·徐州)

push [pʊʃ ] n. & v. 推

拓  pull n. & v. 拉

配  push oneself 鞭策自己;发愤;自强;加劲

例  Once the actor Edwards told his fans,“ Be yourself and don't let anybody push you around.”有一次,演员爱德华告诉他的影迷:“做自己,不受别人的摆布。”(2012·武汉)

Then she pushed the button on her camera. 接着她按下了相机的按钮。(2009·黄冈)

put [pʊt ] vt. 放,摆

配  put forward v. 提出;拿出;推举出

put on 穿上;上演

put out 熄灭

put forth 提出;发表

put down 镇压;记下

put off 推迟

put away 放好

put up with 忍受

例  I think it's a good way to put out the fire with a blanket. 我认为用毯子把火扑灭是个好方法。(2010·江苏)

Put the shampoo in your hair and then turn on the shower and wash it out. 先把洗发露抹于头发上,再打开淋浴洗干净。(2011·贵阳)

It's cold outside. You'd better put on your coat and scarf. 外面冷,你最好穿外套带围巾。(2012·江苏)


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