VOA慢速英语：价格上涨威胁到英国传统食品炸鱼薯条
VOA慢速英语：价格上涨威胁到英国传统食品炸鱼薯条
Fish and chips have been popular among Britons since the food was invented some 160 years ago.
自160年前炸鱼薯条被发明以来，炸鱼薯条一直深受英国人的欢迎。
Charles Dickens wrote about the dish in his well-known story of Oliver Twist.
查尔斯·狄更斯在他著名的小说《雾都孤儿》中就提到了这道菜。
Unlike other common food, it was not rationed during the world wars.
与其他常见食物不同的是，它在世界大战期间不限量供应。
But a third of fish and chip shops are at risk of going out of business this year due to price pressures, says Company Debt, a business advisory company.
但商业咨询公司Company Debt表示，由于价格压力，三分之一的炸鱼薯条店今年面临倒闭的风险。
In just a year, the prices for fish, like cod and haddock, are up 75 percent.
短短一年内，鳕鱼和黑线鳕等鱼类的价格上涨了75%。
Sunflower oil used for cooking is up 60 percent and even flour is up 40 percent.
用于烹饪的葵花籽油价格上涨了60%，甚至面粉也上涨了40%。
Overall, inflation in Britain reached a 40-year high of 9 percent in April, the highest among G7 countries.
总体而言，英国4月份的通货膨胀率达到了40年来的最高水平，为9%，是七国集团最高的。
And it is expected to rise even higher.
预计还会上升得更高。
At west London's Hooked Fish and Chips, Bally Singh is struggling to keep up sales for the traditional British dish.
在伦敦西部的钩鱼薯条店，巴利·辛格正在努力保持这道英国传统菜肴的销量。
Fish and chips in Singh's shop now cost almost 10 pounds, compared to around 8 pounds a year ago.
辛格店里炸鱼薯条现在的价格将近10英镑，而一年前大约是8英镑。
And Singh said if he passed on all the higher costs, the price would be closer to 11 pounds.
辛格说，如果他把所有更高的成本都转嫁到消费者身上，价格接近11英镑。
"We're finding it a struggle to keep our prices reasonable and competitive compared to other fast foods that are in the area, and we've actually seen a decline in fish sales and customers walking through the door," he said.
他说：“我们发现，与该地区的其他快餐相比，我们很难保持合理的价格和竞争力，实际上我们已经看到销量在下降，顾客也在减少。”
Some of the recent difficulties for fish and chip shops started with Britain's withdrawal from the European Union (EU).
炸鱼薯条店最近的一些困难始于英国退出欧盟。
UK Fisheries, a fishing company, said in 2022, Britain had to reduce its Arctic cod catch to around 40 percent of what it was before leaving the EU.
英国渔业公司表示，2022年，英国不得不将北极鳕鱼的捕鱼量减少到脱欧前的40%左右。
Russia's invasion of Ukraine has driven up fuel and electricity prices, further increasing the cost of catching, and frying, fish.
俄罗斯入侵乌克兰推高了燃料和电力价格，进一步增加了捕捞和油炸鱼类的成本。
The war has sent cooking oil, fertilizer and flour prices higher, too.
这场战争也推高了食用油、化肥和面粉的价格。
Cod and haddock are sourced in the Barents Sea, north of Norway and Russia.
鳕鱼和黑线鳕产于挪威和俄罗斯北部的巴伦支海。
The war has increased uncertainty over those supplies.
战争也增加了这些鱼类供应的不确定性。
In March, the British government listed Russian white fish as among goods to be hit with a 35 percent tax in response to the invasion of Ukraine.
今年3月，作为对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的回应，英国政府将俄罗斯白鱼列为征收35%关税的商品之一。
It has paused the move, for now, while the effects are investigated.
目前，在对其影响进行调查期间，这一政策处于暂停状态。
Sunflower oil is the main agricultural product that Britain imports from Ukraine.
葵花籽油是英国从乌克兰进口的主要农产品。
The government says it is working to replace it with other vegetable oils such as rapeseed.
英国政府表示，其正在努力用油菜籽等其他植物油来取代它。
A spokesperson for Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs said it was "working closely with industry, including the National Federation of Fish Friers (NFFF), to mitigate the challenges that they are facing."
环境、食品及农村事务部的一位发言人表示，该部门正在与包括全国炸鱼薯条联合会在内的行业密切合作，以缓解他们面临的挑战。
Mitigate means to make something less harmful or severe.
Mitigate的意思是使某事不那么有害或严重。
However, the federation said fish and chip shops are facing their biggest crisis ever.
然而，该联合会表示，炸鱼薯条店正面临着有史以来最大的危机。
"I'm getting daily phone calls from people that are worried that they're going to go out of business," NFFF President Andrew Crook told Reuters.
全国炸鱼薯条联合会会长安德鲁·克鲁克告诉路透社：“我每天都会接到一些人的电话，他们担心自己会倒闭。”
Malcolm Petherick is 73 years old.
马尔科姆·佩瑟里克今年73岁。
He worried changes he has seen over his lifetime might result in Britain losing a part of its cultural history.
他担心目前所看到的变化可能会导致英国失去一部分文化历史。
"When I was growing up, it was a poor man's meal," he said about fish and chips.
谈到炸鱼薯条，他说：“在我小时候，这是穷人的饭。”
He added that he just bought two orders of fish and chips for 23 pounds.
他还说，他刚刚花了23英镑买了两份炸鱼薯条。
"What family can afford that?" he asked.
他问：“哪个家庭能负担得起?”
I'm John Russell.
约翰·拉塞尔报道。
Fish and chips have been popular among Britons since the food was invented some 160 years ago.
自160年前炸鱼薯条被发明以来，炸鱼薯条一直深受英国人的欢迎。
Charles Dickens wrote about the dish in his well-known story of Oliver Twist.
查尔斯·狄更斯在他著名的小说《雾都孤儿》中就提到了这道菜。
Unlike other common food, it was not rationed during the world wars.
与其他常见食物不同的是，它在世界大战期间不限量供应。
But a third of fish and chip shops are at risk of going out of business this year due to price pressures, says Company Debt, a business advisory company.
但商业咨询公司Company Debt表示，由于价格压力，三分之一的炸鱼薯条店今年面临倒闭的风险。
In just a year, the prices for fish, like cod and haddock, are up 75 percent.
短短一年内，鳕鱼和黑线鳕等鱼类的价格上涨了75%。
Sunflower oil used for cooking is up 60 percent and even flour is up 40 percent.
用于烹饪的葵花籽油价格上涨了60%，甚至面粉也上涨了40%。
Overall, inflation in Britain reached a 40-year high of 9 percent in April, the highest among G7 countries.
总体而言，英国4月份的通货膨胀率达到了40年来的最高水平，为9%，是七国集团最高的。
And it is expected to rise even higher.
预计还会上升得更高。
At west London's Hooked Fish and Chips, Bally Singh is struggling to keep up sales for the traditional British dish.
在伦敦西部的钩鱼薯条店，巴利·辛格正在努力保持这道英国传统菜肴的销量。
Fish and chips in Singh's shop now cost almost 10 pounds, compared to around 8 pounds a year ago.
辛格店里炸鱼薯条现在的价格将近10英镑，而一年前大约是8英镑。
And Singh said if he passed on all the higher costs, the price would be closer to 11 pounds.
辛格说，如果他把所有更高的成本都转嫁到消费者身上，价格接近11英镑。
"We're finding it a struggle to keep our prices reasonable and competitive compared to other fast foods that are in the area, and we've actually seen a decline in fish sales and customers walking through the door," he said.
他说：“我们发现，与该地区的其他快餐相比，我们很难保持合理的价格和竞争力，实际上我们已经看到销量在下降，顾客也在减少。”
Some of the recent difficulties for fish and chip shops started with Britain's withdrawal from the European Union (EU).
炸鱼薯条店最近的一些困难始于英国退出欧盟。
UK Fisheries, a fishing company, said in 2022, Britain had to reduce its Arctic cod catch to around 40 percent of what it was before leaving the EU.
英国渔业公司表示，2022年，英国不得不将北极鳕鱼的捕鱼量减少到脱欧前的40%左右。
Russia's invasion of Ukraine has driven up fuel and electricity prices, further increasing the cost of catching, and frying, fish.
俄罗斯入侵乌克兰推高了燃料和电力价格，进一步增加了捕捞和油炸鱼类的成本。
The war has sent cooking oil, fertilizer and flour prices higher, too.
这场战争也推高了食用油、化肥和面粉的价格。
Cod and haddock are sourced in the Barents Sea, north of Norway and Russia.
鳕鱼和黑线鳕产于挪威和俄罗斯北部的巴伦支海。
The war has increased uncertainty over those supplies.
战争也增加了这些鱼类供应的不确定性。
In March, the British government listed Russian white fish as among goods to be hit with a 35 percent tax in response to the invasion of Ukraine.
今年3月，作为对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的回应，英国政府将俄罗斯白鱼列为征收35%关税的商品之一。
It has paused the move, for now, while the effects are investigated.
目前，在对其影响进行调查期间，这一政策处于暂停状态。
Sunflower oil is the main agricultural product that Britain imports from Ukraine.
葵花籽油是英国从乌克兰进口的主要农产品。
The government says it is working to replace it with other vegetable oils such as rapeseed.
英国政府表示，其正在努力用油菜籽等其他植物油来取代它。
A spokesperson for Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs said it was "working closely with industry, including the National Federation of Fish Friers (NFFF), to mitigate the challenges that they are facing."
环境、食品及农村事务部的一位发言人表示，该部门正在与包括全国炸鱼薯条联合会在内的行业密切合作，以缓解他们面临的挑战。
Mitigate means to make something less harmful or severe.
Mitigate的意思是使某事不那么有害或严重。
However, the federation said fish and chip shops are facing their biggest crisis ever.
然而，该联合会表示，炸鱼薯条店正面临着有史以来最大的危机。
"I'm getting daily phone calls from people that are worried that they're going to go out of business," NFFF President Andrew Crook told Reuters.
全国炸鱼薯条联合会会长安德鲁·克鲁克告诉路透社：“我每天都会接到一些人的电话，他们担心自己会倒闭。”
Malcolm Petherick is 73 years old.
马尔科姆·佩瑟里克今年73岁。
He worried changes he has seen over his lifetime might result in Britain losing a part of its cultural history.
他担心目前所看到的变化可能会导致英国失去一部分文化历史。
"When I was growing up, it was a poor man's meal," he said about fish and chips.
谈到炸鱼薯条，他说：“在我小时候，这是穷人的饭。”
He added that he just bought two orders of fish and chips for 23 pounds.
他还说，他刚刚花了23英镑买了两份炸鱼薯条。
"What family can afford that?" he asked.
他问：“哪个家庭能负担得起?”
I'm John Russell.
约翰·拉塞尔报道。
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