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VOA慢速英语:孟买,洛杉矶——这两座城市都有大型猫科动物

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2022年09月30日

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VOA慢速英语:孟买,洛杉矶——这两座城市都有大型猫科动物

Los Angeles, California, and Mumbai, India, are both famous for movies, clothing, and traffic. But the two large cities are similar in another way: large cats live in and around them.
加利福尼亚的洛杉矶和印度的孟买都以电影、服装和交通而闻名。但是这两个大城市在另一个方面也很相似:大型猫科动物生活在它们的周围。
 
Los Angeles and Mumbai are the world's only major cities where large cats- mountain lions in one, leopards in the other - live. But Audra Huffmeyer, a biologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, predicted, "In the future, there's going to be more cities like this, as urban areas further encroach on natural habitats."
洛杉矶和孟买是世界上仅有的大型猫科动物——一个是美洲狮,另一个是豹——生活的主要城市。但加州大学洛杉矶分校的生物学家奥德拉·赫夫迈尔预测,“随着城市地区进一步侵占自然栖息地,未来像洛杉矶和孟买这样的城市将会越来越多。”
 
Los Angeles
洛杉矶
 
Twenty years ago, scientists in Los Angeles placed a tracking collar on a large male mountain lion that was from Santa Monica Mountains, an area next to the city. They named the big cat P1.
20 年前,洛杉矶的科学家在邻近城市圣莫尼卡山脉的一头大型雄性山狮身上放置了追踪项圈。他们将这只大猫命名为P1。
 
With GPS and camera traps, the scientists followed P1 for seven years. Seth Riley of the National Park Service was part of the effort. Riley said 2009 was the last time they learned about P1.
借助GPS跟踪和相机陷阱,科学家们跟踪了P1七年。国家公园管理局的赛斯·莱利 (Seth Riley) 参与了这项工作。Riley说,2009 年是他们最后一次看到P1 的踪迹。
 
"There must have been a fight. We found his collar, blood on a rock. And never saw him again. He was reasonably old," Riley said.
“他一定是打架了。我们发现了他的项圈,还有一块石头上的血迹。之后我们再也没有见过他,他已经相当老了。”莱利说。
 
Since then, Riley has helped put collars on around 100 more mountain lions in Los Angeles. The big cats in the Los Angeles area have not caused any human deaths but recorded one attack on a child in 2021.
从那以后,莱利帮助洛杉矶大约100多头美洲狮戴上了项圈。洛杉矶地区的大型猫科动物没有造成任何人类死亡,但在2021年记录了一次对儿童的袭击。
 
The biggest threat to mountain lions turns out to be inbreeding - mating between members of the same family. Living in small territories separated by highways has caused some males to mate with daughters and granddaughters. That has led to genetic problems such as fertility issues and unusual tails.
对美洲狮的最大威胁是近亲繁殖——同一家族成员之间的交配。由于生活在被高速公路隔开的狭小地区,导致一些雄性山狮被迫与女儿和孙女交配。这导致了遗传问题,例如生育问题和不寻常的尾巴。
 
Mumbai
孟买
 
In Mumbai, one of the world's most densely populated cities, about 50 leopards have lived in a space suited for 20. Yet the big cats keep mostly out of sight.
在孟买,世界上人口最稠密的城市之一,大约50只豹子拥挤的生活在20只豹的宜居空间里。然而,这种大型猫科动物大部分时间都躲在视线之外。
 
Vidya Athreya is the director of the Wildlife Conservation Society in India. "Because these animals are so secretive, you don't know much about them. You can't just observe them," Athreya said.
Vidya Athreya 是印度野生动物保护协会的主任。“因为这些动物非常神秘,所以对它们了解不多,我们不能只是观察它们。”Athreya 说。
 
The leopards' main area is centered around Sanjay Gandhi National Park. The protected area is surrounded on three sides by people, including an area that is home to 100,000 people and around ten leopards.
豹子的主要区域以桑杰甘地国家公园为中心。保护区的三边都被包围着,其中包括一个拥有10万人和12只豹子的社区。
 
Leopards in Mumbai mainly hunted wild dogs that go to garbage dumps outside the forest. They mostly attacked people when cornered or attacked. But in 2010, 20 people in Mumbai died in leopard attacks, said Jagannath Kamble, an official at Mumbai's protected forest.
孟买的豹子主要猎杀去森林外垃圾场的野狗。他们大多在被逼入绝境或受到攻击时才会攻击人类。但2010年,孟买有20人死于豹袭击,孟买受保护森林的官员贾格纳特·坎布尔 (Jagannath Kamble) 说。
 
How to deal with big cats?
如何与大型猫科动物一起生活
 
Huffmeyer, who studies mountain lions, said, "If we want to keep these large carnivores around on the planet, we have to learn to live with them."
研究美洲狮的 Huffmeyer 说:“如果我们想让这些大型食肉动物留在地球上,我们必须学会与它们一起生活。”
 
Both cities have learned that trying to capture, kill or move the cats away from their habitats is not the answer.
这两个城市都知道,试图捕捉、杀死或将它们从栖息地带走并不是解决办法。
 
In Mumbai, officials involved volunteers, nongovernmental groups and the media in a public education program in 2011. Since then, deaths have dropped, and no one has been killed in a leopard attack since 2017.
在孟买,官员在2011年让志愿者、非政府组织和媒体参与了一项公共教育计划。自那以后,死亡人数有所下降,自2017年以来,没有人类在豹袭击中丧生。
 
In Los Angeles, research showing the harm caused by limited territories helped fuel a campaign to build a wildlife crossing bridge over U.S. Route 101, one of the city's busiest freeways.
在洛杉矶,研究显示,美洲狮领土受限造成的伤害,有助于推动在美国101号公路——该市最繁忙的高速公路之一,建造野生动物过境桥的运动。
 
The building began on April 22. When it is finished in three years, the bridge will be covered in native plants and include special sound walls to reduce light and noise for the passing animals. It will connect the Santa Monica Mountains and Simi Hills, enlarging the area for mountain lions.
这座建筑于4月22日动工。等它在三年内完工后,这座桥将被本地植物所覆盖,还包括特殊的隔音墙,以尽量减少人类对夜行动物的光和噪音干扰。它将连接圣莫尼卡山脉和西米山,扩大常住美洲狮的栖息地。
 
Beth Pratt, a California director at National Wildlife Federation, said, "Relocation and killing make conflict worse." Avoidance is the safest strategy, she said.
加州国家野生动物联合会主任贝丝普拉特说:“搬迁和杀戮只会使冲突变得更糟。” 她说,避免才是最安全的策略。
 
"These big cats are shy - they tend to avoid human contact as much as they can. They're really extreme introverts of the animal kingdom."
“这些大型猫科动物都很害羞——它们尽可能避免与人类接触。它们在动物王国里真的是极内向的。”
 
I'm John Russell.
约翰·拉塞尔报道。
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