VOA慢速英语：巴西政府无视森林砍伐

A recent study says illegal loggers have destroyed about 18,500 square kilometers of public forests over the past six years in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest.
最近的一项研究表明，在过去的六年里，非法伐木者已经在巴西亚马逊雨林破坏了约1.85万平方公里的公共森林。
 
But, the study says, the nation's Federal Police do not investigate the loss enough.
但是，该研究称，该国联邦警察对这一损失的调查并不充分。
 
The wood cutting took place in state and federal forests that are “unallocated.”
砍伐地发生在“未划分的”州和联邦森林中。
 
That means they are neither part of a national park nor are they considered native territories.
这意味着它们既不属于国家公园，也不被视为当地管辖的领土。
 
Official data says the Brazilian Amazon has about 580,000 square kilometers of unallocated forest.
官方数据显示，巴西亚马逊地区大约有58万平方公里未划分的森林。
 
That is an area almost the size of Ukraine.
几乎相当于乌克兰的国土面积。
 
The public forests have become a target for criminals who illegally seize land.
公共森林已经成为非法侵占土地的犯罪分子的目标。
 
Igarapé Institute, a Brazilian policy research group, released the study.
巴西政策研究机构伊加拉佩研究所发布了这项研究。
 
The group researched 369 environmental crime operations carried out by the Federal Police in the Amazon between 2016 and 2021.
该机构调查了2016年至2021年间，联邦警察在亚马逊地区开展的369起打击环境犯罪的行动。
 
Only two percent targeted people illegally seizing unallocated public lands.
只有2%的行动目标是非法侵占未分配的公共土地的人士。
 
It also found that the Federal Police created only seven operations to investigate this large loss.
研究还发现，联邦警察针对这一损失只发起了7次行动调查。
 
The Federal Police did not answer The Associated Press’s request for comment about its work in the Amazon.
联邦警察没有回应美联社就其在亚马逊地区的工作评论。
 
The report said the lack of enforcement likely comes from the weak legal protection of these areas.
报告称，执法不力可能是因为这些地区的法律保护薄弱。
 
Environmentalists have long pressed the federal government to turn unallocated public forests into protected areas.
长期以来，环保主义者一直在向联邦政府施压，要求其将未划分的公共森林变为保护区。
 
Brazil returned to democratic rule in 1985 after 20 years of military rule.
在经历了20年的军事统治后，巴西于1985年恢复了民主统治。
 
Most of the democratic governments have expanded protected forests.
大多数民主政府都扩大了森林保护区的面积。
 
Today about 47 percent of the Amazon is protected land, official data says.
官方数据显示，目前亚马逊地区约有47%的土地受到保护。
 
But President Jair Bolsonaro has said the country has too many protected areas and has slowed adding new protected land.
但总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗表示，该国的保护区太多，因此放慢了增加新保护区的速度。
 
In 2016, about 2,240 square kilometers of unallocated public land were illegally harvested for wood.
2016年，约有2240平方公里未划分的公共土地被非法采伐木材。
 
Last year, that area reportedly almost doubled.
据报道，去年，这一面积几乎翻了一番。
 
Over six years, the total amount of land with illegal harvesting activity reached 18,500 square kilometers.
六年多来，存在非法采伐活动的面积总量达到1.85万平方公里。
 
That information comes from the Amazon Environmental Research Institute which is linked to the World Bank.
该信息来自于与世界银行存在关联的亚马逊环境研究所。
 
Deforestation is increasingly taking place on unallocated lands.
在未划分土地上，森林砍伐行为越来越猖獗。
 
In 2016, unallocated land made up 31 percent of all illegally cut forest.
2016年，未划分土地占所有非法砍伐森林面积的31%。
 
Last year, the amount reached 36 percent.
去年，这一数字达到了36%。
 
The Brazilian nonprofit group Climate Observatory said that almost half of Brazil’s climate pollution comes from deforestation.
巴西非营利组织气候观测组织表示，巴西近一半的气候污染来自森林砍伐。
 
The group said there is so much destruction that the eastern Amazon has, on average, stopped absorbing carbon gasses from the Earth’s atmosphere.
该组织表示，破坏非常严重，换句话说，亚马逊东部地区已经停止从地球大气中吸收吸收二氧化碳。
 
Instead, a study published in 2021 in the journal Nature suggests it is now turning into a source of carbon gasses.
相反，2021年发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究表明，它现在正变成碳源。
 
Carbon gasses are blamed for trapping heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.
含碳气体是在地球大气中吸收热量的罪魁祸首。
 
Igarapé divides environmental crime in the Amazon into four major illegal activities: stealing of public land; illegal logging; illegal mining; and deforestation connected to agriculture and cattle raising.
伊加拉佩研究所将亚马逊地区的环境犯罪分为四大非法活动：窃取公共土地、非法采伐、非法采矿以及与农业和养牛有关的森林砍伐。
 
The enforcement operations were spread over 846 places.
执法行动分布在846个地区。
 
Nearly half were in protected areas, like the Yanomami Indigenous Territory.
其中近一半位于保护区，如亚诺玛米土著领地。
 
The area has a heavier police presence but has still been invaded by thousands of illegal gold miners.
该地区的警察人数较多，但仍有数千名非法淘金者入侵。
 
The Igarapé study also pointed to a large “ecosystem of crime,” as the police operations took place in 24 of Brazil's 27 states including eight cities in neighboring countries.
伊加拉佩研究所的研究还指出了一个庞大的“犯罪生态系统”，因为警方的行动发生在巴西27个州中的24个州，包括邻国的8个城市。
 
“Environmental crime stems from illicit economies that access consumer markets and financing outside the Amazon,” the report said.
该报告称：“环境犯罪源于进入消费者市场的非法经济活动和亚马逊地区以外的融资。”
 
I’m Dan Novak.
丹·诺瓦克报道。