2022年11月20日 VOA慢速英语：以色列在约旦河西岸使用机器人武器

 

In two areas in the occupied West Bank, Israel has put in robotic weapons that can fire tear gas, stun grenades, and sponge-tipped bullets at Palestinian protesters.
在被占领的约旦河西岸的两个地区，以色列部署了可以向巴勒斯坦抗议者发射催泪弹、眩晕手榴弹和海绵头子弹的机器人武器。
 
The weapons, located in the Al-Aroub refugee camp and the city of Hebron, use artificial intelligence to follow targets. Israel says the technology saves lives — both Israeli and Palestinian. But critics see moral or ethical problems with such weapons systems.
这些武器位于 Al-Aroub 难民营和希伯伦市，使用人工智能跟踪目标。以色列说这项技术拯救了以色列人和巴勒斯坦人的生命。但批评者认为这种武器系统存在道德或伦理问题。
 
Tensions
紧张局势
 
The robotic weapons systems come at a time of increased tensions in the occupied West Bank. Unrest has risen there during what has been the deadliest year since 2006.
机器人武器系统是在被占领的约旦河西岸紧张局势加剧之际推出的。在自 2006 年以来死亡人数最多的一年里，那里的动荡加剧了。
 
The victory by former Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's alliance, which includes a party with close ties to the settler movement, has raised concerns of more violence.
前总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡的联盟（其中包括一个与定居者运动关系密切的政党）取得的胜利引发了人们对更多暴力事件的担忧.
 
One of the weapon systems is located on a guard tower overlooking the Al-Aroub refugee camp in the southern West Bank. Witnesses say that when young Palestinian protesters enter the streets throwing stones and firebombs at Israeli soldiers, the weapons shoot tear gas or sponge-tipped bullets at them.
其中一个武器系统位于一座警卫塔上，可以俯瞰西岸南部的 Al-Aroub 难民营。目击者称，当年轻的巴勒斯坦抗议者上街向以色列士兵投掷石块和燃烧弹时，武器向他们发射催泪瓦斯或海绵头子弹。
 
About a month ago, the military also placed the robots in the nearby city of Hebron, where soldiers often clash with stone-throwing Palestinians. The army declined to comment on its plans to deploy the system elsewhere in the West Bank.
大约一个月前，军方还放置了机器人在附近的希伯伦市，那里的士兵经常与投掷石块的巴勒斯坦人发生冲突。军方拒绝就其在约旦河西岸其他地方部署该系统的计划发表评论。
 
Palestinian activist Issa Amro said Hebron residents fear the new weapon might be misused or hacked. He added that people also do not like what they say is a weapons test on civilians.
巴勒斯坦活动家伊萨·阿姆罗说，希伯伦居民担心这种新武器可能会被滥用或遭到黑客攻击。他补充说，人们也不喜欢他们所说的对平民进行的武器试验。
 
"We are not a training and simulation for Israeli companies," he said. "This is something new that must be stopped."
“我们不是对以色列公司的培训和模拟，”他说。 “这是必须停止的新事物。”
 
There are no soldiers next to the machines. Instead, the weapons are operated by remote control. At the touch of a button, soldiers inside a guard tower can fire at selected targets.
机器旁边没有士兵。相反，这些武器是通过遥控操作的。只需按一下按钮，守卫塔内的士兵就可以向选定的目标开火。
 
The army says the system is under testing and fires only "non-lethal" weapons used for crowd control, such as sponge-tipped bullets and tear gas.
军方表示该系统正在测试中，仅发射用于人群控制的“非致命”武器，例如海绵头子弹和催泪瓦斯。
 
Around the world
在世界各地
 
Robotic weapons are increasingly common around the world. Militaries use drones to carry out lethal strikes in places like Ukraine and Ethiopia. Remote-controlled guns like the Israeli system in the West Bank have been used by the United States in Iraq, by South Korea along the border with North Korea, and by Syrian rebel groups.
机器人武器在世界范围内越来越普遍。军方使用无人机在乌克兰和埃塞俄比亚等地进行致命打击。美国在伊拉克、与朝鲜接壤的韩国以及叙利亚叛乱组织都使用了像以色列在约旦河西岸的系统这样的遥控枪。
 
Israel, known for its advanced military technologies, is among the world's top producers of drones capable of launching precision-guided missiles. It has built a fence along its border with the Gaza Strip equipped with radar and underground and underwater sensors. Above ground, it uses a robotic vehicle, equipped with cameras and machine guns, to patrol borders.
以色列以其先进的军事技术而闻名，是世界上能够发射精确制导导弹的无人机的最大生产国之一。它在与加沙地带的边界沿线建造了一道围栏，配备了雷达以及地下和水下传感器。在地面上，它使用配备摄像头和机枪的机器人车辆在边界巡逻。
 
"Israel is using technology as a means to control the civil population," said Dror Sadot, spokeswoman for Israeli rights group B'Tselem. She said that even supposedly non-lethal weapons like sponge bullets can cause extreme pain and even be deadly.
“以色列正在使用技术作为控制平民的手段，”以色列发言人 Dror Sadot 说权利组织 B'Tselem。她说，即使是海绵子弹这样的非致命武器也会造成极度疼痛甚至致命。
 
The system in Al-Aroub was built by Smart Shooter, a company that makes "fire control systems" that it says "increase the accuracy, lethality, and situational awareness of small arms." The company has deals with many militaries around the world, including the U.S. Army.
Al-Aroub 的系统是由 Smart Shooter 建造的，该公司生产“火控系统”，据称“可以提高小型武器的准确性、杀伤力和态势感知能力”。该公司与包括美国陆军在内的世界各地的许多军队都有交易。
 
Speaking at the company's headquarters in Kibbutz Yagur in northern Israel, Chief Executive Michal Mor said the gun requires human selection of targets and military equipment.
在该公司位于以色列北部基布兹亚古尔的总部发表讲话时，该公司首席执行官迈克尔·莫尔 (Michal Mor) 表示，这种枪支需要人工选择目标和军队设备。
 
"They always have a man ... making the decision regarding the legitimate target," she said.
“他们总是有一个人……就合法目标做出决定，”她说。
 
She said the system reduces injuries and deaths by distancing soldiers from violence and by making shots more accurate.
她说，该系统通过让士兵远离暴力并使射击更准确来减少伤亡。
 
Unclear future
前途未卜
 
But Omar Shakir, the Israel and Palestine Director at Human Rights Watch, said Israel is on a "slide toward the digital dehumanization of weapons systems." By using such technologies, Shakir said Israel is creating "a powder keg for human rights abuse." A powder keg is a situation that is likely to become dangerous or violent.
但人权观察组织以色列和巴勒斯坦事务主任奥马尔·沙基尔表示，以色列正在“朝着武器系统数字化非人化的方向发展”。沙基尔说，通过使用此类技术，以色列正在制造“侵犯人权的火药桶”。火药桶是一种可能变得危险或暴力的情况。
 
In Al-Aroub, residents say the machines fire without warning.
在 Al-Aroub，居民说机器在没有警告的情况下开火。
 
"It is very fast, even faster than the soldiers," said Kamel Abu Hishesh, a 19-year-old student. He described almost nightly clashes where soldiers enter the camp as the automated gun fires tear gas.
“速度非常快，甚至比士兵还快，”19 岁的学生 Kamel Abu Hishesh 说。他描述了几乎每晚发生的冲突，士兵们在自动枪发射催泪瓦斯时进入营地。
 
Paul Scharre of the Center for a New American Security is a former U.S. Army shooting expert. He said that without emotion and with a better aim, automated systems can possibly reduce violence.
新美国安全中心的保罗·沙尔 (Paul Scharre) 是前美国陆军射击专家。他说，没有情感和更好的目标，自动化系统可能会减少暴力。
 
But he said the absence of international rules for "killer robots" is a problem. Otherwise, he said, it is only a matter of time before these weapons systems are equipped to use deadly force.
但他表示，缺乏针对“杀手机器人”的国际规则是一个问题。否则，他说，这些武器系统配备使用致命武力只是时间问题。