2022年12月04日 VOA慢速英语：亚马逊森林砍伐率去年有所放缓

 

The deforestation rate in the Brazilian Amazon dropped slightly last year, new satellite data shows.
最新卫星数据显示，去年巴西亚马逊森林砍伐率略有下降。
 
The data found the rainforest lost an area covering over 11,000 square kilometers in the period from August 2021 to July 2022.
数据显示，热带雨林面积减少超过2021年8月至2022年7月期间11000平方公里。
 
That was down 11 percent from the previous year when more than 13,000 square kilometers were destroyed.
这比前一年下降了 11%，当时有 13,000 多平方公里被毁。
 
The data was recently released by Brazil's National Institute for Space Research. The agency is part of the country's Ministry of Science. The institute uses a monitoring system that collects satellite images of the rainforest to measure deforestation rates.
该数据最近由巴西国家空间研究所发布。该机构隶属于该国科学部。该研究所使用收集热带雨林卫星图像的监测系统来测量森林砍伐率。
 
For a period of more than 10 years, improvements were seen in the Brazilian Amazon. Deforestation rates dropped and stayed below 10,000 square kilometers a year. But that changed in January 2019, when far-right President Jair Bolsonaro took office.
在 10 多年的时间里，巴西亚马逊地区出现了改善。森林砍伐率下降并保持在每年 10,000 平方公里以下。但这种情况在 2019 年 1 月发生了变化，当时极右翼总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗 (Jair Bolsonaro) 上任。
 
Researchers and environmentalists have blamed Bolsonaro's policies for causing sharp increases in deforestation rates. Bolsonaro is set to leave office on January 1, after recently losing reelection to former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
研究人员和环保主义者指责博索纳罗的政策导致森林砍伐率急剧上升。博尔索纳罗 (Bolsonaro) 将于 1 月 1 日卸任，此前他在前总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦 (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) 的连任选举中失利。 2022年8月至10月的重要时期。
 
Part of the destruction that took place under Bolsonaro will not appear until next year's report, including the important period from August to October 2022.
博尔索纳罗领导下发生的部分破坏要到明年的报告才会出现，包括 2022 年 8 月至 10 月这一重要时期。
 
A different federal satellite monitoring system shows deforestation rose 45 percent during the August to October period. But while that system provides faster results, it is not as accurate as the other methods, The Associated Press reports.
不同的联邦卫星监测系统显示，8 月至 2022 年期间森林砍伐增加了 45%十月期间。据美联社报道，虽然该系统提供的结果更快，但不如其他方法准确。
 
Traditionally, the August to October period sees higher rates of deforestation because it is during the dry season.
传统上，8 月至 10 月期间森林砍伐率较高，因为正值旱季.
 
An examination of new data was also completed by the Climate Observatory, a collection of environmental groups. It showed that during the four years of Bolsonaro's leadership, deforestation rose 60 percent over the previous four years. That is the largest percentage rise under a president since satellite monitoring began in 1998.
由环境团体组成的气候观测站也完成了对新数据的检查。它表明，在博尔索纳罗领导的四年里，森林砍伐比前四年增加了 60%。这是自 1998 年卫星监测开始以来总统领导下的最大百分比增长。
 
In one state, Para, deforestation dropped 21 percent. But it still represented one-third of all Brazil's Amazon forest loss. Part of the tree cutting and burning happens in areas that are supposed to be protected. One such area is Paru State Forest, where the nonprofit Amazon Institute of People and the Environment registered 2 square kilometers of deforestation in October alone.
在帕拉州，森林砍伐减少了 21%。但它仍然占巴西亚马逊森林损失总量的三分之一。部分树木砍伐和焚烧发生在本应受到保护的地区。其中一个区域是帕鲁州立森林，非营利性亚马逊人与环境研究所仅在 10 月份就记录了 2 平方公里的森林砍伐。
 
"In recent years, deforestation has reached protected areas where previously there was almost no destruction," said Jakeline Pereira, a researcher with the Amazon Institute. Pereira told the AP, "In Paru's region, the destruction is driven by lease of land for soybean crops and cattle."
“近年来，森林砍伐已经蔓延到以前几乎没有破坏的保护区，”亚马逊研究所的研究员杰克琳佩雷拉说。佩雷拉告诉美联社，“在帕鲁地区，破坏是由租用大豆作物和牛的土地造成的。”
 
Brazilian President-elect da Silva recently promised cheering crowds at the U.N. climate conference in Egypt to end all deforestation across the whole country by 2030. "There will be no climate security if the Amazon isn't protected," he said.
Brazilian President-elect da Silva recently promised cheering crowds at the U.N. climate conference in Egypt to end到 2030 年全国的所有森林砍伐。“如果亚马逊不受保护，就不会有气候安全，”他说。
 
The last time da Silva was president, from 2003 to 2010, deforestation fell sharply. On the other hand, he backed measures that set in motion destruction in the long run. These included his support for the huge Belo Monte hydroelectric dam project and providing large loans to the beef industry. Cutting down forest to create feeding areas for cattle is a main driver of deforestation.
上一次达席尔瓦担任总统是在 2003 年至 2010 年期间，森林砍伐急剧下降。另一方面，他支持从长远来看会引发破坏的措施。其中包括他对巨大的贝洛蒙特水电站大坝项目的支持，以及向牛肉行业提供大笔贷款。砍伐森林为牛群开辟饲养区是森林砍伐的主要原因。
 
The Amazon rainforest covers an area twice the size of India. It acts as a buffer against climate change by taking in large amounts of carbon dioxide. It is also the most biodiverse forest in the world, and the home of tribes that have lived in the area for thousands of years.
亚马逊雨林的面积是印度的两倍。它通过吸收大量二氧化碳作为应对气候变化的缓冲器。它也是世界上生物多样性最丰富的森林，也是在该地区生活了数千年的部落的家园。