分词作状语

　　分词作状语是高考考查的热点和重要考点，其热点考查内容如下：

　　一. 确定分词形式

　　分词作状语时，通常放在句首，并且用逗号与主句隔开。同时，分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，也就是说在确定选择现在分词还是过去分词时，要判断主句主语与分词中心词的关系。如果句子的主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者(即表主动或正在进行)，分词形式选用现在分词;如果句子的主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时(即表被动或完成)，分词形式选用过去分词。

　　例：1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it.

　　A. I saw the book I wanted on the shell B. The book I wanted was on the shell

　　C. Seeing the book lying across the desk D. Lying on the desk

　　分析：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知句子的主语I只能与see保持一致。 如果选A, 该句中没有连词，没能构成并列句和主从复合句，此时要选用非谓语动词形式。所以选C

　　2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.

　　分析：“Seen from the hill” 是过去分词作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知，“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的逻辑主语，它们之间表示被动关系，所以分词形式用seen.

　　二.确立句子主语可能是谁

　　确立句子主语可能是谁时，仍然遵循分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。

　　例：Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.

　　A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed

　　C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists

　　分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。句中“Having been attacked by terrorists”是现在分词作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知“受攻击”的应是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的逻辑主语是“the tall building”.句意为“大楼因为受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌”. 答案: B

　　三.独立主格结构

　　分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，但当分词逻辑主语与主语不一致时，分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词，置于动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式之前。这种名词/代词+动词-ing/动词-ed结构在语法上被称为独立主格结构。此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与v-ing/v-ed形式所表示动作的逻辑关系，如果它们之间表示主动或分词动作正在进行，选择现在分词，如果它们之间表示被动或完成，选择过去分词。

　　1, 名词/代词+动词-ing

　　例：Spring coming on, the trees turned green.

　　2，名词/代词+动词-ed

　　例：The question settled, they felt released.

　　3，with/without+名词/代词+动词-ing/-ed

　　例：With the tree grown tall, we get more shade.

　　Our school looks beautiful with the flowers coming out.

　　The battle was over without a shot being fired.

　　四.分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句。

　　例：______weight, the doctor has warned me to keep off sugar.

　　A. I’m putting on B. Having put on C. As I’m gaining D. To gain

　　分析：在并列句和主从复合句中, 逗号只起分隔作用, 前后两部分的逻辑关系必须使用连接词来表达; 否则要使用非谓语动词. 该题中B， C两项是非谓语动词作状语, 但其逻辑主语与主句主语不一致, 所以只能使用连接词来表达前后两部分的逻辑关系. 答案: C

　　五.现在分词和过去分词作独立成分

　　英语中一些特殊的分词可用作独立成分，不需要逻辑主语。这种无依着动词形式结构已经成为固定用法。

　　常见的不需要逻辑主语的动词-ing/-ed形式结构:

　　Considering (that)…考虑到

　　supposing (that)… 如果……

　　generally speaking 一般说来

　　frankly speaking 坦白说

　　Judging from… 从…判断

　　talking of… 说到……

　　Concerning… 关于

　　setting aside... 除开……

　　Coming to… 谈到 ……

　　allowing for... 考虑到……

　　Proving/provided (that)…假定 supposing/suppose (that)…假如……

　　Seeing (that)… 既然 ……

　　given (that)… 假设;如果;考虑到

　　put frankly 坦白地说

　　taken as a whole 总的说来

　　例：1. Put frankly, I don’t agree with what he said.

　　坦白地说，我不同意他说的话。

　　2. Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

　　考虑到他的一般身体状况，他手术后恢复过来可能需要一段时间。

　　3. Supposing he is ill, who will do the work?

　　假如他病了，谁来做这工作呢?

　　专项练习：

　　1._______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

　　A. Compare

　　B. When comparing

　　C. Comparing

　　D. When compared

　　2. When first ______to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

　　A. introducing B. introduced

　　C. introduce D. being introduced

　　3. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window.

　　A. looking B. to look

　　C. looked D. having looked

　　4. _____ the interview, the manage went to his office, _____ by the interviewer.

　　A. Having finished, followed

　　B. Finished, followed

　　C. Finishing, following

　　D. Being finished, being following

　　5. Finding her car stolen, _____.

　　A. a policeman was asked to help

　　B. the area was searched thoroughly

　　C. It was looked for everywhere

　　D. she hurried to a policeman for help

　　Key: 1-5 DBAAD