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新概念英语第四册（美音版）The sporting spirit

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[00:00.31]Lesson 6 [00:01.51]The sporting spirit [00:07.64]How does the writer describe sport at the international level? [00:14.09]I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. [00:30.32]Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles. [00:45.53]Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. [00:49.40]You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. [00:55.66]On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as a the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. [01:19.34]Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. [01:23.62]At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. [01:28.62]But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: [01:34.89]and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, [01:41.93]and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

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Lesson 6
The sporting spirit
体育的精神
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题.
How does the writer describe sport at the international level?
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the would could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the hattlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce if from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as a the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
GEORGE ORWELL The sporting spirit
New words and expression
goodwill
n. 友好
cricket
n. 板球
inclination
n. 意愿
contest
n. 比赛
orgy
n. 无节制的，放荡
deduce
v. 推断
competitive
adj. 竞争性的
patriotism
n. 地方观念，爱国主义
disgrace
v. 使丢脸
savage
adj. 野性的
combative
adj. 好斗的
mimic warfare
模拟战争
behaviour
n. 行动，举止
absurd
adj. 荒唐的

当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊，还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀的时候，我总是惊愕不已。一个人即使不能从具体的事例（例如1936年的奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际运动比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，也可以从常理中推断出结论。现在开展的体育运动几乎都是竞争性的。参加比赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。在乡间的草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，并且不涉及任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯的为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一量涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性便会激发起来。即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛的人也有种体会。在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。但是，要紧的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及观众身后各个国家的态度。面对着这些荒唐的比赛，参赛的各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期内如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验。

goodwill=friendship n.友好
goodwill games:友好运动会
goodwill visit:友好访问
pay a goodwill visit to
official visit:官方正式访问
state visit:国事访问
cricket n.板球 as merry as a cricket(蟋蟀) 形容心情高兴，快乐无比
inclinationn. 意愿
inclinev.
be inclined to do sth表示强烈的意愿
I am inclined to take toefl.
willing
show inclination tofollow one's inclination 随心所欲
contestn. 比赛
近义词：competition game match tournament race
contest:a group of judges
beauty contest选美比赛
competition:socially 抽象使用
Social competition is fierce.
Dog eat dog.人吃人。形容竞争激烈。
game:physically ,mentally
match:quite important
China won the 2002 World Cup match.
tournament:淘汰赛，巡回赛。
race:以速度见长
cycle racing 自行车比赛
car racing 赛车
orgy n.恣意，放荡
revelry in 狂欢
I revelry in my success.
on a spree
The girl is on a shoping spree.
competitive
combative-贬义词同 aggressive
competitive-褒义词／中性词
competitor-竞争者
compete with sb. for sth.
pick up 随意挑选
side 队
patriotismn.地方观众，爱国主义
patriot:爱国者patriotic:爱国的

involvevt.卷入
involve oneself in scandal be involved in
prestigen.声誉
prestigious a.享有声誉的 Qinghua university is very prestigious.
近义词：fame renown(renowned 著名的) reputation eminence
disgracevt.使丢脸
grace,graceful-graceless
disgraceful 丢脸 Your essay is very guaceful.
fame-defamehonor-dishonor
stigmaa(污点) vt.stigmatizeRobbery stigmatizes him.
savagen.野性的
inhuman 残忍无比 nonhuman （非人类的）
mercy-mercilessruth-ruthless
beastly
combative a.好斗的
frankly ad.坦率地
Frankly speaking(To be frank) 坦白的说candid 坦白的straightly 直率的
mimic a.与……相似
mimic-只用作定语
similar-可作定语和表语 Our ideas are similar. We have similar ideas.
alike-只作表语
Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。
behaviour 行动举止
Behave oneself.规矩点儿。
attituden.态度
spectatorn.观众
audience 听众 audial 听
visual
spectacle: 壮丽景色；眼镜
viewer电视观众
work…into…引起…注意…
into 后接表示感情的词
furyn.狂热
furious a.—强于 anger,annoyance,aggravation
rage---suddenly & quickly
absurda.荒唐的
近义词 illogical irrational senseless ridiculous
r 开头的形容词的反义词前面加 ir
l 开头的形容词的反义词前面加 il
at any rate 无论，至少＝at least

amazed: surprised,astound,astonished
前两个词都可以用作表语和主谓宾结构，后两个词只有表语结构。
The news surprised me.
I was surprised by the news.
I am astonished to hear the news.
You should not say”The news astonished me”.
hear(watch,notice,see)sb.do/doing
if only:
1. 表虚拟，当“真好”讲,后面无任何主从句。
If only I had a pair of wings.我要有双翅膀就好了。
If only I could fly to the moon.
2. 作为条件句＝as long as，后面须有主句。
deduce:推导
the background of the 1936 Olympic games :二战时在德国柏林举行，希特勒举办的目的为
了宣传他的 national supremacy(民主优越性)。然而，事与愿违，本届奥运会出现了
一位独领风骚的田径大王－美国黑人运动员，杰西•欧文斯，他共获得 4 枚金牌，
让希特勒 disgrace(颜面尽失)，后人评论“the 1936 Olympin games is a mistake”,而
且称为 political tragedy,影射希特勒的种族歧视，导致极端的仇恨，引发二战。
neagly all 基本肯定
green: 绿地
aroused:被激发起来
frankly: 真正的
mimic warfare:模拟战争
battle field-fight to win,commander,do your utmost,blood,lose life,machine guns
sport field—play to win,coach,do your best ,sweat,lose life,hand leg foot
fury over 对…愤怒
virtue:quality