大众英语大众英语下2

[00:00.00]Lesson Ten ; [00:11.71]word and Expressions ; [00:15.20]admire/d'mai/ vt.羡慕；赞赏 ; [00:17.20]afterwards /'a:ftwdz/ adv.后来，以后 ; [00:19.44]bathe/bei/vi. 洗澡,游泳 bathing suit游泳衣 ; [00:23.92]begin/bi'gin/ vt.& vi.开始 began/bi'gn/ (过去式) ; [00:27.91]begun/bi'gn/ (过去分词) ; [00:30.15]bikini/bi'ki:ni/ n.比基尼泳衣 三点式女泳衣 case/keis/n.情况 ; [00:34.89]in case of遇到...时候 chip/tip/ n.炸土豆条 ; [00:40.37]closely/'klusli/ adv.密切地;严密地 dancer/'da:ns/ n.跳舞者,舞蹈演员 ; [00:45.61]dangerous /'deindrs/ adj.危险的 eat/i:t/vt.& vi.吃 ; [00:50.09]ate/et/(过去式) eaten/'i:tn/(过去分词) ; [00:53.09]emergency /i'm:dnsi/ n.紧急情况;突然事件 ; [00:56.83]energy/'endi/n.活力 seem/si:m/ vi.好象,似乎 ; [01:01.81]sentence/'sentns/ n.句子 shore/:/n.岸 ; [01:06.05]snack/snk/n.快餐 strange/streind/ adj.奇怪的 不可思议的 ; [01:11.28]thank/k/vt.感谢 forth/f:/ adv.向前 ; [01:15.77]back and forth 来来往往地,来回 lemonade/,lem'neid/ n.柠檬水 ; [01:21.50]lesson/'lesn/ n.(一节)课 lifeguard /'laifga:d/n.救生员 ; [01:26.74]member/'memb/ n.(团体,组织等)成员 mistake/mis'teik/ n.错误 ; [01:31.22]net/net/n.网 ocean/'un/n.海洋 piece/pi:s/ n.(成套中的)件,个 ; [01:37.70]one-piece suit 一件头的女泳衣, 衣裤连在一起的女泳衣 ; [01:41.19]plenty/'plenti/n.大量 plenty of 大量的 ; [01:45.43]potato/p'teitu/ n.马铃薯,土豆 question/'kwestn/ n.问题 ; [01:50.91]rock/rk/ n.摇动;摇摆 roll/rul/ n.滚动,打滚 ; [01:55.40]rock and roll 摇摆舞,摇滚音乐 sand/snd/ n.沙子,沙 ; [02:00.63]sandwich /'snwid,'snwit/ n.三明治,夹心面包片 ; [02:03.13]tune/tju:n/ vt.调整(收音机等的) 频率 ; [02:05.87]wave/weiv/n.波浪;波涛 proper Nouns ; [02:10.85]Barnes(姓) Marie/'ma:ri(:)/ (女人名) ; [02:16.09]TEXT Beach Party ; [02:21.57]All the students at the beach party were members of the French Club. ; [02:28.05]Before they began to swim or to play games, ; [02:32.54]Miss Bames wanted them to learn some new words. ; [02:37.27]She taught them how to say beach,sand,ocean and waves in French. ; [02:47.49]The stdents repeated the new words and tried to use them in sentences. ; [02:53.23]At first it seemed strange to see the teacher in a bathing suit, ; [02:59.21]but that is what everyone wears to the beach, ; [03:02.45]Marie and some of the other girls were wearing bikinis, ; [03:08.18]but Miss Barnes had on a one-piece suit ; [03:11.67]After the French lesson two of the boys put up a net for volleyball, ; [03:16.91]and half of the students went to each side of the net. ; [03:21.39]They hit a big ball back and forth over the net. ; [03:25.63]Miss Barnes helped them to keep score in French. ; [03:30.12]The student laughed at their own mistakes, ; [03:33.61]but they enjoyed practising their numbers and having fun at the same time. ; [03:39.59]Afterwards,there was plenty of time for those in the group ; [03:43.83]who liked to swim to go into the water.Most of them did not go far from shore. ; [03:52.05]Some of the waves were quite large and could be dangerous ; [03:56.29]for people who do not swim well.Miss Barnes watched them very closely. ; [04:03.02]She was glad that there were lifeguards who were always ready ; [04:07.41]to help in case of an emergency. ; [04:12.06]When it was time for snacks, ; [04:14.71]everyone enjoyed sandwiches, potato chips and lemonade. ; [04:20.68]While they were eating Miss Barns ; [04:24.00]asked each member of the club a question in French. ; [04:28.64]If the students could not answer their questions,she taught them what to say. ; [04:35.27]Everyone agreed that the French Club and the beach party would ; [04:39.25]help them to learn French and they all thanked Miss Barnes ; [04:43.23]for being such a nice teacher. ; [04:46.55]It was not yet time to leave the beach. ; [04:50.53]One of the girls tuned her radio to a ; [04:54.51]favorite rock and roll music station and they all spent the next half hour dancing. ; [05:00.48]Wherever boys and girls are together,this is what they enjoy most. ; [05:07.11]Miss Barnes admired the energy of the young dancers, ; [05:11.09]and she was sure that ; [05:13.08]they would be almost as lively in French class on Monday morning ; [05:20.38]Lesson Eleven ; [05:22.37]Words and Expressions ; [05:28.34]ability/'biliti/ n.能力，才能 acting/'kti/ n.演技 ; [05:37.62]actor/'kt/ n.(男)演员 actress/'ktris/ n.(女)演员 ; [05:45.58]alike/'laik/ adv.同样地 although/:l'u/ conj.尽管,虽然 ; [05:52.88]ambassador /m'bsd/ n.大使 ; [05:54.88]appear/'pi/ vi.出现;(演员)出场 ; [05:58.85]appoint/'pint/ vt.任命 besides/bi'saidz/ prep.除...之外 ; [06:06.15]blonde/blnd/ adj.(头发)淡黄色的 career/k'ri/ 经历,生涯 ; [06:12.12]curly/'k:li/ adj.卷曲的 dance/da:ns/ vi.& vt.跳舞 ; [06:19.41]dimple/'dimpl/ n.酒窝,笑窝 familiar/f'milj/ adj.熟悉的 ; [06:27.37]former/'f:m/ adj.以前的,从前的 ; [06:31.35]knowledge /'nlid/ n.知识,学识 ; [06:34.01]love/lv/爱,喜欢 mark/ma:k/ vt.标志 ; [06:40.64]nation/'nein/ n.民族,国家 the United Nations 联合国 ; [06:47.27]partner/'pa:tn/ n.合作者,搭档 perfect/'p:fikt/ adj.完美的,极好的 ; [06:56.56]public/'pblik/ adj.(为)公众的 public office公职 ; [07:04.52]recognize/'rekgnaiz/ vt.认识,承认 ; [07:06.52]represent /,repri'zent/ vt.代表 ; [07:13.81]representative /,repri'zenttiv/ n.代表 ; [07:17.79]retire/ri'tai/ vi.引退,退休 role/rul/ n.角色 ; [07:27.07]senator/'sent/ n.参议员 serve/s:v/ vt.为...服务 ; [07:34.37]sing/si/ vi.& vt.唱 sang/s/(过去式) sung/s/(过去分词) ; [07:42.99]successful /sk'sesfl/ adj.成功的 ; [07:46.31]talent/'tlnt/ n.才能,才干 ; [07:50.29]throughout /ru:'aut/ prep.编及 ; [07:52.28]Proper Nouns Gavin/'gvin/(姓) ; [07:56.92]George/d:d/ (男人名) Heidi/'haidi/ n.(女人名) ; [08:02.23]Murphy/'m:fi/(姓) Nixon/'niksn/(姓) Reagan/'reign/(姓) ; [08:10.19]Ronald/'rnld/ (男人名) Shirley/':li/ (女人名) ; [08:16.16]Temple/'templ/(姓) ; [08:19.47]TEXT New Careers for Actors ; [08:26.11]Ronald Reagan was the only actor to become President of the United States, ; [08:33.40]but other movie stars have also been successful in public office. ; [08:41.36]One of them was Shirley Temple, ; [08:44.02]who is rememberd throughout the world as a little girl with curly, ; [08:48.66]blonde hair and dimples.She danced and sang in many movies. ; [08:57.95]Shirley began to make movies at the age of five, ; [09:03.25]and she was only nine years old when she played the role of Heidi. ; [09:10.55]In almost every part of the world where movies are seen on television, ; [09:15.86]children and their parents still enjoy ; [09:19.84]Heidi and the other movies of Shirty Temple. ; [09:25.14]Although she has not appeared in a film for over thirty years, ; [09:30.45]her name is still familiar to old and young alike. ; [09:37.75]When Shirley Temple was twenty-one years old, ; [09:41.73]she was already retired from her career ; [09:45.04]Twenty years later many people still ; [09:51.68]through of her as a little girl that America had always loved in the movies; ; [09:58.97]but others knew her as an intelligent woman with knowledge of world problems. ; [10:06.93]One of the people who recognized ; [10:09.59]these important abilities was President Richard M.Nixon. ; [10:16.22]In 1969 he appointed her a representative to the United Nations ; [10:22.19]and this marked the beginning of a new career ; [10:26.17]for the former child star of the movies. ; [10:32.14]One of Shirley's most popular dancing and singing partners was George Murphy, ; [10:39.43]who was twenty-six years older than Shirley. ; [10:44.08]He stopped making movies at about the same time as his young partner. ; [10:50.71]In 1969 he was elected United States senator from California, ; [10:58.67]and he served in this office for six year. ; [11:04.64]Americans are beginning to realize ; [11:07.30]that many actors and actresses have other talents besides acting ; [11:14.59]When President Reagan appointed actor John Gavin Ambassador to Mexico, ; [11:21.22]many people could not understand.They soon learned, ; [11:27.19]however,that John Gavin speaks perfect Spanish and graduated ; [11:32.50]from college as an expert on Latin America, ; [11:37.14]and they began to agree that the new ambassador ; [11:42.45]is truly a good man to represent the United States in Mexico. ; [11:49.75]Lesson Twelve ; [11:51.07]Words and Expressions ; [11:55.05]achieve/'ti:v/ vt.达到(目的), 得到(胜利) ; [11:57.37]ad/d/n.广告 want ad招牌广告 ; [12:01.69]address/'dres/vt. 在(信封,包裹等上面)写 姓名地址 ; [12:03.68]advantage /d'va:ntid/ n.优点,长处 ; [12:05.68]aggression/'gren/ n.侵犯行为 ; [12:08.32]aggressive/'gresiv/ adj.爱挑衅的 amount/'maunt/ n.数量 ; [12:14.29]application /,pli'kein/ n.申请表 ; [12:15.29]aptitude/'ptitju:d/ n.能力,才能 ; [12:17.61]average/'vrid/ adj.平均的 basic/'beisik/ adj.基础的,基本的 ; [12:22.91]behavior/bi'heivj/ n.[美]举止,行为 [英]behaviour ; [12:24.57]blame/bleim/ vt.责备 calculate/'klkjuleit/ vt.计算 ; [12:29.21]catch/kt/ n.捉(住),抓住 caught/k:t/ (过去式,过去分词) ; [12:34.85]cause/k:z/ n.原因,起因 clear/kli/ adj.清楚的,明确的 ; [12:38.83]compute/km'pju:t/ vt.& vi.计算 ; [12:40.83]conclusion /kn'klu:n/n.结论 conflict/'knflikt/ n.冲突 ; [12:44.80]decline/di'klain/ n.vi.下降 defender/di'fend/ n.辩护人 ; [12:50.11]delinquency /di'likwnsi/ n.少年犯罪 ; [12:52.76]development /di'velpmnt/ n.发展,进展 ; [12:55.76]doubt/daut/ n.怀疑,疑问 educate/'edjukeit/ vt.教育 ; [13:00.06]educator/'edjukeit/ n.教育者,教育工作者 envelope/'envilup/ n.信封 ; [13:07.36]fill out填写 finding/'faindi/ n.[通常用复数]调查 (或研究)结果 ; [13:10.67]grab/grb/ vt.抢夺,霸占 grabbed (过去分词,过去式) ; [13:14.99]grabbing (动名词,现在分词) grown-up n.成年人 ; [13:19.96]heavy/'hevi/ adj.重的,大量的,多的 instance/'instns/ n.例子,事例 ; [13:23.28]for instance例如 institute/'institju:t/ n.研究所,研究院 ; [13:29.25]keep...informed of 使...知悉 lead/li:d/vt.vi领导 ; [13:35.88]led(过去式,过去分词) lead to通向,导致 learning/'l:ni/ n.学习 ; [13:44.50]level/'levl/ n.水平,标准 link/lik/n.联系 ; [13:48.48]mathematics /,mi'mtiks/ n.数学. ; [13:51.13]mental/'mentl/ adj.精神的,精神病的 ; [13:53.79]middle/'midl/ n.adj.中部(的) Middle East中东 ; [13:59.09]migrant/'maigrnt/ adj. (应季节性劳动需求而) 流动的 ; [14:01.41]migrant worker [美]农业季节工人 minority/mai'nriti/ n.少数民族 ; [14:07.72]note/nut/ vt.特别提到,指明 ; [14:10.37]partly/'pa:tli/ adv.部分地, 在一定程度的 ; [14:13.69]percent/p'sent/ n.百分之... ; [14:14.35]percentage /p'sentid/ n.百分率,比例 ; [14:17.67]perfectly /'p:fiktli/ adv.完全地 ; [14:20.32]performance /p'f:mns/ n.作业,操作 ; [14:22.32]publish/'pbli/ vt.公布;发表 purchase/'p:ts/ n.购买 ; [14:26.95]relate/ri'leit/ vt.使联系, 显示出...与...有关系 be related to与..有关 ; [14:33.92]remarkable /ri'ma:kbl/ adj.非凡的,显著的 ; [14:36.92]report/ri'p:t/ n.报告 ; [14:38.89]SAT/st/ [Scholastic Aptitude Test]学业能力测试 ; [14:40.22]scholastic /sk'lstik/ adj.学校的,学术的 ; [14:42.22]score/sk:/n. (测试的)成绩,评分 ; [14:50.17]sex/seks/n.性,性别 sharp/a:p/ adj.急剧的 ; [14:55.14]source/s:s/n.来源 sourvey/'s:vei/ n.调查 task/ta:sk/n.任务,作业 ; [15:02.45]teenager /'ti:n,id/ n.(13至19岁的)青少年, 十几岁的少年 ; [15:05.43]topic/'tpik/ n.题目,话题 ; [15:07.75]traditional /tr'dinl/ adj.传统的 ; [15:09.07]universal /,ju:ni'v:sl/ adj.普通的 ; [15:11.07]variety/v'raiti/ n.多样化,变化 ; [15:14.71]a variety of种种 view/vju:/vt.看 television viewing 看电视 ; [15:22.34]viewer/'vju:/ n.观看者 violence/'vailns/ n.暴力,暴力行为 ; [15:27.34]war/w:/n.战争 ; [15:30.34]TEXT The Tube and Violence ; [15:35.94]We already have a good percentage of people in America who think it's perfectly, ; [15:41.91]O.K.to grab what they want,to do what they want, ; [15:47.22]and the only bad thing is getting caught. ; [15:51.86]A report published in May 1982 by the ; [15:57.16]National Institute of Mental Health says that violence on televison does lead to ; [16:04.46]aggressive behavior by children and teenagers who watch the programs. ; [16:10.43]In one five-year study of 732 children, ; [16:17.73]several kinds of aggression-conflicts with parents, ; [16:22.37]fighting,and delinquency-were all found ; [16:26.35]to be related to the amount of television viewing. ; [16:30.33]Defenders of TV,have long held that there is no clear link ; [16:35.64]between viewing and violence. ; [16:39.62]The findings covered a number of other topics. In one survey, ; [16:46.25]more than half the parents thought their children learned more about sex ; [16:52.22]from TV than from any other source except the parents themselves. ; [16:59.52]The report noted that almost all Americans watch TV, ; [17:04.16]many for hours each day. ; [17:07.81]Those who watch TV most are the very young and very old, ; [17:11.46]women,and minorities. Heavy viewers are usually less educated. ; [17:20.42]Television is also partly blamed for a sharp decline in traditional learning. ; [17:26.71]Since television became nearly universal in the early 1960s, ; [17:33.35]average scores for high school students taking the Scholastic Aptitude Test, ; [17:39.32]a national test of academic ability, ; [17:41.97]have declined from 478 to 424 on the language exam and from 502 to 466 in mathematics. ; [17:57.23]Educators appointed to study the decline noted that by age sixteen ; [18:03.20]most children have spent 10,000 to 15,000 ; [18:09.83]hours watching television-more time than they have spent in school. ; [18:15.14]Their conclusion is that television is a cause of the SAT score decline. ; [18:23.76]As TV's children graduated in the 1960s and 1970s, ; [18:29.07]a performance level test of grown-ups found that 20 percent of the American ; [18:36.36]population could not perform basic kinds of reading,writing, ; [18:42.33]or computing tasks-such ; [18:44.99]as calculating the change on a small purchase,addressing an envelope, ; [18:50.29]reading a want ad,or filling out a job application. ; [18:56.93]No doubt television has its advantages, too,For instance, ; [19:01.57]it has achieved remarkable results in keeping the public ; [19:06.21]informed of a huge variety of developments from the war ; [19:10.19]in the Middle East to the problems of migrant workers. ; [19:18.15]Lesson Thirteen ; [19:20.15]Words and Expressions ; [19:22.79]accommodation /,km'dein/ n.住宿(的地方) ; [19:25.79]age/eid/n.年龄 of all ages各种年龄的 aged/eidd/ adj....岁的 ; [19:32.75]benefit/'benifit/n. (依照社会保险付给的) 津贴;救济金,抚恤金 ; [19:35.75]board/b:d/n.伙食 cardboard /'ka:db:d/ n.卡(片)纸板,硬纸 ; [19:39.38]cardboard box纸板箱 cause/k:z/vt.引起 cost/kst/n.费用 cut/kt/n.削减 ; [19:49.99]divorce/di'v:s/ n.离婚 employer/im'pli/ n.雇主 ; [19:54.97]enter/'ent/ vt.进,入 exam/ig'zm/n.考试 ; [19:59.28]force/f:s/ vt.强迫,迫使 head/hed/n.头 ; [20:04.58]homeless/'humlisnis/ adj.无家的 ; [20:06.58]homelessness /'humlisnis/ n.无家可归的现象 ; [20:09.23]hostel/'hstl/ n.招待所,寄宿舍 housing/'hauzi/ n.住房;住房建筑 ; [20:14.53]housing group 住房问题小组 ; [20:17.53]impossible /im'psbl/adj. 无法忍受的,非常讨厌的 ; [20:20.84]income/'inkm/n.收入 in the open(air) 在户外,在露天 ; [20:26.47]law/l:/ n.法律,法令 mostly/'mustli/ adv.主要地,大部分 ; [20:31.12]organisation /,:gnai'zein/ n.组织,团体 ; [20:34.43]overnight/'uv'nait/ adj.一夜(间)的;过夜的 parent/'prnt/ n.父亲,母亲 ; [20:40.40]parental/p'rentl/ adj.父母的 payment/'peimnt/ n.支付(的)款项 ; [20:45.71]point/pint/ vt.& vi.指 point out指出 ; [20:51.68]poverty/'pvti/ n.贫穷,贫困 prove/pru:v/ vt.证明,证实 ; [20:55.00]provide/pr'vaid/ vt.提供 reason/'ri:zn/ n.理由,原因 ; [21:00.97]recent/'ri:snt/ adj.新近的,近来的 refuse/ri'fju:z/ vt.拒绝,拒给 ; [21:05.61]rent/rent/ n.租金,租 rising/'raizi/ adj.上涨的 ; [21:09.59]roof/ru:f/ n.屋顶 run/rn/vt.办,管理 ; [21:14.90]ran/rn/(过去式) run(过去分词) runaway/'rnwei/ n.逃跑者 ; [21:22.19]schoolgirl/'sku:lgl/ n.(中,小学)女生 science/'sains/ n.科学;自然科学,理科 ; [21:26.84]seek/si:k/ vt.寻找 sought/s:t/ (过去式,过去分词) ; [21:32.81]shelter/'elt/ n.避难所,蔽身之处 shortage/':tid/ n.不足,缺少 ; [21:36.81]step-[构词部分] 表示"继","异" step-parent继父,继母 ; [21:43.42]take on雇用 throw/ru/ vt.抛,扔 ; [21:48.72]threw/ru:/(过去式) thrown/run/ (过去分词) ; [21:53.04]throwaway/'ruwei/ adj.被抛弃的 turn out adj.证明(是) ; [21:59.34]unladylike /n'leidilaik/adj. 不适合于贵妇人身份的 不文雅的 ; [22:03.32]unsympathetic /'n,simp'etik/ 冷漠无情的 ; [22:05.97]voluntary /'vlntri/adj. 自愿的,志愿的 ; [22:08.97]youngster/'jst/ n.年轻人 ; [22:11.94]TEXT No Place Like Home ; [22:17.91]All over the country young people are ; [22:21.23]entering a world of homelessness and poverty, ; [22:25.21]according to a recent report by the housing group, Shelter. ; [22:29.85]Nearly 150,000 young people aged between sixteen and twenty-five will ; [22:37.15]become homeless this year, says Shelter. ; [22:40.46]Some of the young homeless may sleep out in the open in such places ; [22:46.43]as "cardboard city" in London, where people of all ages ; [22:51.74]sleep in the open air in their only homes-cardboard boxes? ; [22:57.71]Others may find accommodation in shelters run ; [23:02.71]by voluntary organisations or get a place in a hostel, ; [23:07.00]which gives them board for up to ten weeks. ; [23:11.64]But who are these people? ; [23:14.96]Those seeking a roof over 167 their heads are mostly not runaways ; [23:20.26]but "throwaways" people who have been thrown out of their ; [23:24.24]homes or forced to leave because of parental divorce, ; [23:30.21]an unsympathetic step-parent or one of many other reasons. ; [23:35.52]Take the case of one sixteen-year-old schoolgirl called Alice. ; [23:42.25]She did not come from a poor home and had just passed her exams with good results. ; [23:50.47]The Shelter team met her in an overnight hostel ; [23:54.21]where she was sitting down doing her Physics homework. ; [23:57.20]It turned out that her parents had thrown her out of her home for ; [24:03.93]no other reason than that she wanted to do science higher ; [24:06.18]exams-which her parents refused her permission to do, ; [24:12.16]saying that sciences were unladylike! ; [24:16.65]Shelter says that the Government's laws do nothing to help these youngsters. ; [24:22.63]Rising rents, a shortage of cheap housing ; [24:26.37]and a cut in benefits for young people under the age of twenty-five are ; [24:31.60]causing a national problem, according to Shelter. ; [24:36.84]The recent changes in the benefit laws mean that someone aged between sixteen ; [24:43.56]and twenty-five gets less than older people. ; [24:48.05]Benefits are the state system of payments which the government provides for people ; [24:54.03]who have an extremely low income, or no income. ; [25:00.02]The system provides money to help people with the cost of somewhere to live, ; [25:05.25]and basic food. New changes in the law mean ; [25:10.48]that young people under twenty-five can only ask for state help if ; [25:16.47]they prove they left home for a good reason. ; [25:21.70]Shelter believes that because of the cuts in benefits to young people, ; [25:28.43]more and more are being forced to sleep on the streets. ; [25:32.92]Shelter also points out that if you are homeless, ; [25:37.40]you can't get a job because employers will not take on someone ; [25:41.89]without a permanent address, ; [25:44.88]and if you can't get a job, you are homeless because ; [25:48.62]you don' t have any money to pay for accommodation. ; [25:53.11]It's an impossible situation. ; [26:00.58]Lesson Fourteen ; [26:03.58]Words and Expressions ; [26:07.32]admiration /,dm'rein/ n.钦佩,羡慕 ; [26:09.31]airport/'ep:t/ n.机场 ; [26:13.30]annual/'njul/ adj.每年的,年度的 army /'a:mi/n.军队 army man军人 ; [26:20.78]award/'w:d/ vt.授予,给予 bed/bed/n.床 flower bed 花坛 ; [26:27.51]brilliant/'briljnt/ adj.(色彩)鲜明的 ; [26:29.75]count/kaunt/vi.算数; 有(考虑的)价值; 算得上的 ; [26:32.74]cup /kp/n.奖杯 decoration /,dek'rein/ n.装潢 装饰 ; [26:37.97]decorations [通常用复数]装饰品 excited /ik'saitid/ adj.兴奋的,激动的 ; [26:45.70]exhibit/ig'zibit/ n.展览品,陈列品 exhibitor/ig'zibit/ n.(展览会等的)参加者 ; [26:48.44]flower/'flu/ n.花 follow/'flu/ vi.随着,接着 ; [26:56.67]gardener/'ga:dn/ n.园林工人 hang/h/ vi.悬挂,吊着 ; [27:03.40]hung/h/ (过去式,过去分词) judge/dd/ vt.& vi.裁判(比赛) ; [27:08.63]line/lain/ n.交通线,线路线 means/mi:nz/ n.方法,手段 ; [27:12.99]medal/'medl/n.奖章 non- [前缀]非,无,不(是) ; [27:18.23]non-working time n.非工作时间 notice/'nutis/ vt.注意,注意到 ; [27:25.21]nurseryman/'n:staim/ n.苗木培养工 occasion/'kein/ n.场合;(重大的)时刻 ; [27:32.44]pastime/'pa:staim/ n.消遣,娱乐 pensioner/'penn/ n.领取抚恤金者 ; [27:40.16]pot/pt/ n.(花盆) prize/praiz/n.奖金 railway/'reilwei/ n.铁道,铁路 ; [27:49.63]regional/'ri:dnl/ adj.地区的 show/u/ n.展览(会) ; [27:55.87]size/saiz/n.大小,尺寸 tent/tent/n.帐篷,帐棚 top /tp/n.顶,最高位 ; [28:04.59]type/taip/n.类型,式 understand /,nd'stnd/ vt.理解,了解 ; [28:10.57]understood /,nd'stud/ (过去式,过去分词) ; [28:14.81]vegetable/'veditbl/ n.蔬菜 village/'vilid/ n.乡村,村庄 ; [28:22.04]whether/'we/ conj.是否 Proper Noun ; [28:27.02]Chelsea/'telsi/ (英)切尔西(区) ; [28:39.98]Text Growins Things ; [28:46.22]One of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching ; [28:52.95]what they do with their non-working time.Most English men, ; [29:00.42]women and children love growing things, especially flowers. ; [29:08.40]The visitor to England in spring,summer, ; [29:10.39]or autumn will notice gardens all the way along the railway lines. ; [29:19.37]There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, ; [29:25.60]as well as in gardens along the roads. ; [29:29.84]Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. ; [29:37.81]Public buildings of every kind have ; [29:41.05]brilliant window boxes and sometimes hanging baskets of flowers. ; [29:48.78]But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. ; [29:56.26]If it is impossible to have a garden, ; [29:59.50]then a window box or something growing in a pot will do. ; [30:05.98]Looking at each other's gardens is a popular pastime with the English. ; [30:13.70]There are flower and vegetable growing contests at every level. ; [30:19.94]They start at the top with an annual world-famous flower ; [30:25.67]show held in May at the Chelsea Hospital Gardens in London. ; [30:32.40]In the hospital live the Chelsea pensioners, who are old army men. ; [30:40.87]Their garden is lovely in itself, and is just the place for a flower show. ; [30:49.85]At this show almost every professional ; [30:53.85]nurseryman in the country has an exhibit, ; [30:57.57]as do some first-class amateurs. Cups and medals are awarded, ; [31:06.05]but on this occasion cups and medals are the least part of it. ; [31:12.53]Admiration from true gardeners is the thing that really counts. ; [31:19.26]After the Chelsea Flower Show the regional shows follow. ; [31:25.49]Most towns of any size and many villages have a flower show, for local amateurs. ; [31:34.71]On the day before the show, or on the early morning of show day, ; [31:41.44]people of all ages come to the exhibitors'tents, ; [31:46.43]carrying what they are going to show. ; [31:49.42]There are prizes not only for flower arrangements. ; [31:55.90]For grown-ups there are prizes for every type of flower, fruit, ; [32:01.88]and vegetable,as well as for flower arrangements and table decorations. ; [32:09.86]By the time the results of the judging are known, ; [32:14.10]the usually calm English have often become very excited. ; [32:20.58]They do care about whether their vegetables or flowers get a prize or not. ; [32:30.79]Lesson fifteen ; [32:34.29]Words and Expressions ; [32:38.27]arrive/'raiv/ vi.到,来到 background /'bkgraund/n.背景 ; [32:45.75]become/bi'km/ vi.成为,变得 became/bi'keim/ (过去式) ; [32:52.23]become(过去分词) behave/bi'heiv/ vi.举动,举止;表现 ; [32:59.46]beyond/bi'jnd/ prep.[表示范围]超出 ; [33:04.19]certain/'s:tn/ adj.[只作定语] 某一,某种,一定的 ; [33:07.93]chat/tt/ vi闲谈,聊天 cluster/'klst/ vi.群集 ; [33:15.91]common/'kmn/ adj.共同的 companion /km'pnjn/n.同伴 ; [33:23.39]conduct/kn'dkt/ vt.行动 conduct oneself 为人,表现 ; [33:29.62]constantly /'knstntli/ adv.经常的,不断的 ; [33:33.11]conversation /,knv'sein/ n.会话,谈话 ; [33:37.35]cultural /'kltrl/ adj.文化(上)的 ; [33:39.35]deal/di:l/n.数量 a great deal大量,很多 ; [33:49.06]discomfort /dis'kmft/ n.不自在,不安 ; [33:55.06]ease/i:z/vt. 减轻(负担等),使安心 ; [33:56.29]edge/ed/n.边缘,边 either /'ai/ adj.(两者之中)任一的 或每一方的 ; [34:06.01]either ..or... 或者...或者 end/end/n.末端,尽头 ; [34:16.73]escort/'esk:t/ n.陪同者 excuse /iks'kju:s/ n.借口,理由 ; [34:26.20]expect/iks'pekt/ vt.期待,预期 extend/iks'tend/ vt.伸出,伸 ; [34:34.68]flatter/'flt/ vt.使高兴,使满意 frighten/'fraitn/ vt.使惊恐 ; [34:42.40]gathering/'gri/ adv.聚集,集会 ; [34:44.40]generally /'denrli/ adv.通常地 ; [34:49.88]gladly/'gldli/ adv.高兴地,乐意地 greet/gri:t/ vt.迎接,向...致意 ; [34:57.61]happen/'hpn/ vi.发生 host/hust/n.主人 ; [35:05.09]husband /'hzbnd/丈夫 imagine/i'mdin/ vt.& vi.想象,料想 ; [35:12.81]informal/in'f:ml/ adj. 非正式的;不拘礼节的 ; [35:17.55]introduce /,intr'dju:s/ vt.介绍 ; [35:21.54]introduction /,intr'dkn/ n.介绍 land/lnd/n.国家,国土 ; [35:29.01]measure/'me/ n.程度,范围 in large measure大部分 ; [35:36.99]move/mu:v/ vt.& vi.移动,进展 newcomer/'nju:'km/ n.新来的人 ; [35:45.22]nod/nd/vi. 点头(表示打招呼) normal/'n:ml/ adj.正常的 ; [35:53.19]observe/b'z:v/ vt.观察 otherwise/'waiz/ adv.要不然,否则 ; [36:01.67]patiently/'peintli/ adv.耐心地 ; [36:05.15]point/pint/ n.(空间,时间上的) 一点;意义;目的 ; [36:08.64]prefer/pri'f:/ vt.宁可,宁愿;更喜欢 remain /ri'mein/ vi.保持 ; [36:15.13]scene/si:n/ n.(实际生活中的) 一个场面(或场面特写) ; [36:18.62]selfstarter /'self'sta:t/ [美口]工作主动 (不需督促)的人 ; [36:22.11]shake /eik/ vt.摇,握(手) shook/uk/(过去式) ; [36:25.84]shaken /'eik()n/ (过去分词) shift /ift/ vt.& vi.移动,转移 ; [36:33.07]signal/'signl/ n.信号,暗号 silent/'sailnt/ adj.沉默的,不作声的 ; [36:40.05]silently/'sailntli/ adv.静静地 static/ 'sttik/ adj.静的,不活泼的 ; [36:47.78]uncomfortable /n'kmftbl/ adj.不舒服,不自在 ; [36:51.52]unfamiliar /nf'milj/ adj.陌生的,新奇的 ; [36:55.26]wherever/wer'ev/ adv.无论在哪里 whichever /wit'ev/ pron.无论哪个 ; [37:02.24]wing /wi/n.翅膀 under someone's wing 在...的庇护下 ; [37:10.21]within/wi'in/ prep. 在..范围以内,不超过 ; [37:13.95]Text How to Behave at Parties ; [37:21.43]It is interesting to observe how people of different cultural ; [37:26.66]backgrounds conduct themselves at parties. ; [37:32.40]In some countries men and women drift to ; [37:36.63]opposite ends of the room and talk to one another; ; [37:42.12]in others they sit in large chairs around the edge of the room ; [37:47.35]and talk only to the people on either side of them, ; [37:52.34]or silently eat and observe the scene. ; [37:57.07]It is normal in some lands for a person to remain patiently ; [38:03.05]silent until introductions have been made, ; [38:07.54]then to talk only to those s/he has been properly introduced to. ; [38:16.26]As you would imagine, Americans move about a great deal at parties. ; [38:24.99]At small gatherings they may sit down, ; [38:29.72]but as soon as there are more people than chairs in a room you ; [38:35.21]will see first one and then another make some excuse to get to his ; [38:41.94]feet until soon everyone is standing, moving around, ; [38:47.92]chatting with one group and then another. ; [38:52.41]Sitting becomes static beyond a certain point. ; [38:57.14]We expect people to move about and be "self starters". ; [39:04.37]It is quite normal for Americans to introduce themselves. ; [39:10.10]They drift around a room stopping to talk wherever they like, ; [39:16.09]introducing themselves and their companions. If this happens, ; [39:22.57]you are expected to reply by giving your name and introducing the person with you; ; [39:30.79]then at least the men generally shake hands. Sometimes women do so as well. ; [39:39.76]A man usually shakes a woman's hand only if she extends it. ; [39:46.00]Otherwise, he just nods and greets her. After such an informal introduction, ; [39:56.22]you talk together for a little while. Here come those questions: ; [40:03.20]"Are you new here?" "How long have you been in America?" ; [40:08.43]"Did you bring your children with you?" Within a moment or two, ; [40:14.91]you will have found some common ground, ; [40:17.91]conversation will move along for a while, ; [40:21.64]and then either couple can feel free to say something informal like, ; [40:28.37]"Well,it's been nice to meet you",or "I hope we see you again soon." ; [40:34.85]This is the signal for them to drift off to another group. ; [40:41.83]The basic rule at big parties is don't stay in one place for too long. ; [40:50.30]Pick out people who look interesting, then go and talk to them. ; [40:56.29]Women should not cluster in a group with each other. ; [41:01.52]They too move around the room, either with their husbands or escort or alone, ; [41:09.25]whichever they prefer. The point of a party in this country is to ; [41:16.48]meet and talk with people. When you first arrive at a large party, ; [41:24.95]the host or hostess may introduce you to two or three people nearby, ; [41:32.18]but if others are still arriving, ; [41:35.17]he or she may then leave to greet newcomers, ; [41:40.65]expecting you to go on by yourself, moving from group to group. ; [41:47.88]If this feels too uncomfortable and frightening, ; [41:52.87]it is quite all right to say to someone: "I am a stranger here and know no one. ; [41:59.60]Could you introduce me to some of the people?" ; [42:03.34]Most people will feel flattered that you turned to them for ; [42:08.57]help and will gladly take you under their wing, ; [42:12.31]introducing you and easing your discomfort. ; [42:17.79]Our easy-come-and-go pattern is unfamiliar to people from many other countries. ; [42:26.02]Like much else about the nation, it comes in large measure from our size, our numbers, ; [42:35.99]and our constantly shifting population. ; [42:42.22]Lesson sixteen ; [42:44.21]Words and Expressions ; [42:47.70]anyway/'eniwei/ adv.不管怎样,无论如何 bacon /'beikn/ n.咸猪肉,熏猪肉 ; [42:52.94]beat /bi:t/ vt.打败,超越 beef/bi:f/ n.牛肉 ; [42:57.67]belong/bi:l/vi. belong to 属于 cook/kuk/ vt.烹调,煮,烧 ; [43:04.90]custom/'kstm/n.习惯 dish /di/n.一道菜 earl/:l/n.[英]伯爵 ; [43:12.63]enough/i'nf/ adv.足够地 fresh/fre/adj.新鲜的 ; [43:17.61]girlfriend /'g:lfrend/ n.女朋友 ham/hm/n.火腿 ; [43:22.61]instead/in'sted/ adv.代替;顶替 invent /in'vent/ vt.发明 ; [43:27.83]kidney/'kidni/ n.腰子,肾 meat/mi:t/n.食用肉类 ; [43:32.82]northerner /'n:n/ n.北方人 ; [43:35.06]pre-prepare /,pri:pri'p/ vt.预先加工 ; [43:38.80]pudding/'pudi/ n.布丁 quality /'kwliti/ n.质量,质 ; [43:43.79]roast/rust/ vt.烤;adj.烤过的 salad/'sld/n.色拉 ; [43:48.52]save/seiv/vt.节省 save up储蓄,贮存 Scotch/skt/ adj.苏格兰的 ; [43:56.50]sell/sel/vt.卖,销售 sold/suld/ (过去式,过去分词) ; [44:01.73]southerner /'sn/n.南方人 spend/spend/vt.花费 ; [44:06.47]spent /spent/ (过去式,过去分词) spread/spred/ vi.传开 ; [44:11.95]spread/spred/ (过去式,过去分词) sweet/swi:t/adj.甜的 ; [44:16.69]unsold/n'suld/ adj.未卖出的 various/'veris/ adj.各种各样的,不同的 ; [44:21.42]roper Nouns British/'briti/ n.英国人 ; [44:26.66]Wiltshire/'wilti/ (地名) Italian/i'tljn/ n.意大利语 ; [44:31.39]Norfolk/'n:rfk/ (英)诺福克(郡) York/j:k/(英)约克 ; [44:36.13]Text Everyday Eatins in Britain ; [44:43.11]As a nation, the British are not interested in restaurants. ; [44:49.34]Visitors to London often say that the people who eat in them in the evening, ; [44:56.32]those who work in them and the people they belong to, ; [45:01.05]are all from other countries. ; [45:04.30]They say that in these restaurants they no longer feel that they are in England. ; [45:11.52]Most of the British eat at home as much as they can. ; [45:17.01]And there are times when, for them too, ; [45:21.49]being in a restaurant feels like being in another country. ; [45:27.48]A young man, taking his girlfriend out, ; [45:31.96]may find that he doesn't understand, ; [45:34.70]because everything is written in French or Italian. ; [45:39.44]"I've heard that the British aren't interested in food! " ; [45:44.68]"Well, not so much in good cooking, shall we say. ; [45:50.16]But we can be sure of one or two things. ; [45:54.15]Once a year they're certainly interested enough to save up for ; [45:59.63]weeks in order to have good food. ; [46:03.37]On this occasion, Christmas, they eat very well indeed. ; [46:09.35]Even then, most of them think it's better to eat at home. ; [46:14.09]They're right, and even more ; [46:17.08]so when they can get fresh vegetables from the garden! ; [46:20.32]It's cheaper too, ; [46:22.56]and anyway the British don't like spending much money on food. ; [46:28.79]For most of this century food's been very cheap and of fine quality. ; [46:35.52]When you eat English or Scotch meat, ; [46:39.52]you understand why the words'roast beef and ; [46:43.25]'beef steak' have been taken into other languages. ; [46:48.73]Wiltshire bacon, York ham and Norfolk chicken are excellent, too. ; [46:56.21]And of course the British invented 'bacon and eggs'." ; [47:00.95]"Yes, I love that! There's nothing to beat an English breakfast. ; [47:06.93]But what else is there? Is fish and chips the national dish?" ; [47:13.66]"If it is,it's not cooked at home so much. ; [47:16.66]In the middle of last century, ; [47:21.63]when there was no way of keeping fish, ; [47:25.37]they hit on the idea of cooking the unsold fish and then selling it. ; [47:31.61]At the same time, the custom of eating potatoes was spreading from the North, ; [47:38.34]so they cooked chips with it. ; [47:41.33]But perhaps the most famous idea was the ; [47:44.07]sandwich-another international word today. ; [47:49.55]It's said that the fourth Earl of Sandwich, ; [47:53.54]in the eighteenth century, ; [47:55.53]was too busy playing cards to have a real meal, ; [47:59.52]and so he asked for two pieces of bread with meat between them instead." ; [48:05.75]"The British certainly like quick meals, don't they?" "That's because, ; [48:12.73]like the Earl of Sandwich, ; [48:14.73]they're more interested in other things. ; [48:18.22]Many people don't usually take more than ten minutes to eat their lunch. ; [48:24.45]That's certainly not enough time for a really well-cooked dish of English ; [48:29.68]steak and kidney pudding or pie. But today food's often pre-prepared. ; [48:36.66]It saves time." "When do people eat in the evening, after work?" ; [48:42.89]"The evening meal's between five-thirty and seven. ; [48:47.38]For the Southerner, this is probably his dinner. ; [48:51.62]For the Northerner it's a big meal called 'tea'. ; [48:56.35]There are various kinds of food on the table. ; [49:00.34]In Scotland they eat more sweet things, ; [49:03.58]and in the North of England they often have salads. ; [49:08.07]They drink tea all through the meal. ; [49:11.81]And as if this 'high tea' was not enough, ; [49:15.80]they have a fourth meal,supper, at about nine o'clock. ; [49:21.03]And this might be fish and chips! " ; [49:26.76]Lesson Seventeen ; [49:30.25]Words and Expressions ; [49:35.24]bearable/'berbl/ adj.可以忍受的 beer/bi/n.啤酒 ; [49:42.71]bitter/'bit/n.苦啤酒 bottle/'btl/n.瓶子 brass/bra:s/ n.adj.黄铜(制)的 ; [49:53.18]break/breik/ n.(工作中)休息时间 bring/bri/ vt.拿来,端来 ; [49:59.91]brought/br:t/ (过去式,过去分词) comfort/'kmft/ n.安慰 ; [50:07.64]complete/km'pli:t/ adj.完整的,圆满的 doorstep/'d:step/ n.门前的石阶 ; [50:12.87]drinker/'drik/ n.饮水 drop/drp/ vt.& vi.(使)滴 ; [50:20.35]drop in顺便走访 elsewhere /'els'we/ adv.在别处 ; [50:28.33]empty/'empti/ vi.成为空的;走空 finish /'fini/vt.完成 ; [50:36.06]friendship/'frendip/ n.友谊 heaven/'hevn/ n.天空;天国 ; [50:44.03]Indian /'indjn/ adj.印度的 instant/'instnt/adj. 立即的;(食品等)速食品 ; [50:52.26]isle/ail/n.岛 the British Isles 不列颠(诸)岛 pub/pb/n.小酒店 ; [51:04.22]quarter/'kw:t/ n.四分之一 ; [51:08.46]Scandiavian /,skndi'neivjt/ n.斯堪的纳维亚人 ; [51:11.20]seem/si:m/ vi.似乎,好象 serve /s:v/ vt.招待(顾客); ; [51:18.93]strong/str/ adj.强壮的,浓厚的 success/sk'ses/ n.成功 ; [51:27.65]TEXT (51:29.899) A Nation of Drinkers (51:35.383) The British don't drink at dinner when most other people do. ; [51:42.38]So they seem to drink a lot more at other times, ; [51:46.59]just to make up for it. ; [51:48.59]There's that bottle of milk on the doorstep, ; [51:53.32]which begins the day. The people of the British Isles are second only to the ; [52:01.30]Scandinavians as milk drinkers. ; [52:06.29]That's because the quality of the milk is so good. ; [52:12.27]Some of this milk goes into milk puddings, a lot more goes into tea. ; [52:20.24]Ever since, in the last century, ; [52:23.48]the strong,cheap Indian kind took the place of China tea, ; [52:29.22]the British have thought that any time is time for tea. ; [52:35.45]You can hear a woman say,"My husband's very good to me, ; [52:40.93]he brings me an early morning cup of tea on Sundays!" Then, ; [52:46.66]in the words of the song, ; [52:49.90]At half past eleven My idea of heaven is a nice cup of tea. ; [52:58.63]In the working day, ; [53:00.87]the most important times for it are the breaks in the middle of the morning ; [53:06.61]and the middle of the afternoon and this ; [53:09.85]makes the work bearable for many people. ; [53:14.58]Later,there's always a moment when somebody says, ; [53:18.82]"I feel like a cup of tea." ; [53:22.81]The evening at home wouldn't be complete without it. ; [53:27.54]And if they want to say,"That's not really the kind of thing I'd like," ; [53:32.78]they say,"That's not quite my cup of tea." ; [53:38.01]Before the days of instant coffee, ; [53:41.25]when tea was of really good quality, ; [53:44.99]the British drank a quarter of the world's tea! ; [53:50.97]"Don't they drink beer at home?" "If they want to drink beer, ; [53:55.21]they generally go to the bar of a public house,or pub. ; [54:03.44]In many pubs there's still a brass bar that ; [54:07.92]you can rest your foot on as you talk to the barman, ; [54:11.41]who serves the drinks. So'bar' has become another international word. ; [54:20.63]The pub isn't just a place where you go to drink. ; [54:26.99]People who live alone find friendship and ; [54:31.48]comfort which would be difficult to get elsewhere. ; [54:36.71]They can sit at a table all the evening, ; [54:40.45]even if they buy only a small glass of bitter. ; [54:46.18]But the success of the pub really depends on those who come to drink. ; [54:53.66]Just as we say of a new town-it's the people who make it! ; [55:00.39]There's nothing quite like a British pub. "Early on a Friday evening, ; [55:08.62]the pubs are full of people who have just finished work ; [55:13.60]and who come together to round off the week. ; [55:17.34]Then the pub empties, but a good many people drop in after their evening meal. ; [55:25.81]By ten o'clock the pub is again full of people, smoking and talking." ;

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