新视野大学英语读写教程第一册unit1-b Keys to Successful Online Learning
- 听力原文
- 参考译文
Section B
Keys to Successful Online Learning
While regular schools still exist, the virtual classroom plays an important role in today's learning community. Job opportunities for students are expanding rapidly and more people of all ages are becoming aware of online learning that allows them to study at home. Online students, however, require unique qualities to be successful. The following list discusses some ideal qualities of successful online students.
1. Be open-minded about sharing life, work, and learning experiences as part of online learning.
Many different people find that the online method requires them to use their experiences and that online learning offers them a place to communicate with each other. This forum for communication removes the visual barriers that hinder some students from expressing themselves. In addition, students are given time to reflect on the information before replying. In this way, students can help to keep the online environment open and friendly.
2. Be able to communicate through writing.
In the virtual classroom nearly all communication is written, so it is critical that students feel comfortable expressing themselves in writing. Some students have limited writing abilities which need to be improved before or as part of the online experience. This usually requires extra commitment by these students. Whether working alone or in a group, students share ideas, perspectives and discussions on the subject being studied, and read about those of their classmates. In this way, students gain great insight from their peers, learning from each other as well as the instructor.
3. Be willing to "speak up" if problems arise.
Remember that instructors cannot see their students in an online course. This means students must be absolutely explicit with their comments and requests. If they experience technical difficulties, or problems in understanding something about the course, they MUST speak up; otherwise there is no way anyone can know something is wrong. If one person does not understand something, possibly several others have the same problem. If another student is able to help, she/he probably will. While explaining something to others, students reinforce their own knowledge about the subject.
4. Take the program seriously.
Online learning is not easier than study in regular classrooms. In fact, many students say it requires much more time and effort. Requirements for online courses are not less than those of any quality program. Successful students, however, see online learning as a convenient way to receive their education — not an easier way. Many online students sit at computers for hours at a time during evenings and on weekends in order to complete their assignments. When other people are finished and having fun is most likely the time when online students do their course work. Online students need to commit 4 to 15 hours a week for each course.
5. Accept critical thinking and decision making as part of online learning.
Online courses require students to make decisions based on facts as well as experience. It is absolutely necessary for students to assimilate information and make the right decisions based on critical thinking. In a positive online environment, students feel valued by the instructor, by their classmates and by their own work.
6. Be able to think ideas through before replying.
Providing meaningful and quality input into the virtual classroom is an essential part of online learning. Time is given to allow for careful development of answers. Testing and challenging of ideas is encouraged. Many times online students will not always be right; they just need to be prepared to accept a challenge.
7. Keep up with the progress of the course.
Online learning is normally sequential and requires commitment on the students' part. Keeping up with the face-to-face class and completing all work on time is vital. Once students get behind, it is almost impossible to catch up. Students need to want to be there and need to want the experience. The instructor may have to communicate with students personally to offer help and remind them of the need to keep up.
Just as many excellent instructors may not be effective online facilitators, not all students have the necessary qualities to perform well online. People who have the qualities discussed above usually make very successful online students. If you have these qualities, learning online may be one of the best discoveries you will ever make.
Words: 715
NEW WORDS
community
n. a group of people living together and/or united by the same interest, religion or nationality 社区，社会，团体，界
expand
v. 1. (cause to) increase in size, number, degree or volume （使）扩大，（使）扩张，（使）扩展
2. grow larger 膨胀
aware
a. having knowledge or understanding 意识到的，知道的
unique
a. 1. being the only one of its type 惟一的，独特的，独一无二的
2. unusual 极不寻常的，极好的
following
a. next 接着的，下述的
n. a group of supporters or admirers 一批追随者
ideal
a. 1. perfect; what you like best 完满的；理想的
2. out of one's mind, not real; not practical 想像的，空想的
visual
a. of or gained by sight 视觉的，看得见的
barrier
n. 1. sth. used to keep people or things apart or to prevent or control their movement 栅栏，关卡，检票口
2. (to) sth. non-physical that keeps people apart or prevents movement 障碍，隔阂
3. 屏障
addition
n. 1. the act of adding 加，加法
2. sth. or sb. added 增加的人（或物）
reflect
v. 1. think quietly and deeply 深思，考虑，反省
2. show 反映，体现
3. turn, throw or back sth. from a surface 反射，显示
environment
n. the physical and social conditions in which people live 环境，周围状况，自然环境
critical
a. 1. of or being a moment of great danger, difficulty or uncertainty 决定性的，关键性的，危急的
2. giving a careful judgment of the qualities of sth. 批评的，批判的
ability
n. the fact of having the skill or knowledge of doing sth. 能力，本领，才能，才智
perspective
n. a way of considering sth. 视角，观点，想法
peer
n. a person of the same age, class or position 同龄人，同等地位的人
instruct
vt. 1. give orders or directions to 指示，命令；通知
2. give knowledge or information to 教育，指导
instructor
n. a teacher 教师；指导者
arise
vi. 1. come into being; appear; happen 产生；出现；发生
2. (from) come from （由……）引起，（由……）产生，起源于
3. get up from sitting or sleeping 起身，起床
absolute
a. complete, perfect 十足的，地道的
absolutely
ad. completely, perfectly 十足地，地道
understanding
n. 1. ability to know and learn 理解力
2. sympathetic and therefore not blaming 谅解
reinforce
vt. add strength or support to make sth. stronger or firmer 增强，加强，加固
requirement
n. sth. that is needed or necessary 要求，必要条件；需要，需要的东西
likely
a. that can reasonably be expected, probably 可能的，有希望的
ad. probably 可能地
commit
vt. 1. decide to use for a particular purpose 使用；用于
2. do sth. wrong or illegal 犯（错误、罪行等），干（蠢事、坏事等）
3. (oneself) promise to a certain cause 使承担义务，使承诺
input
n. [U] information or some other kinds of resources that are put in/into 输入，投入
essential
a. completely necessary 必不可少的，绝对必要的，非常重要的
n. (usu. pl.) sth. necessary 要素，要点
challenge
vt. 1. question the rightness of 对……质疑，对……怀疑
2. invite sb. to compete against one in a match, etc. 向……挑战
normally
ad. in the usual way or to the usual degree 通常，正常地
sequence
n. 1. 连续，一连串
2. 次序，顺序
sequential
a. of, forming or following in sequence 连续的
vital
a. 1. very important 极其重要的
2. full of life and force 有生命的，充满生机的
effective
a. 1. producing the desired result 有效的，生效的，起作用的
2. having a pleasing effect 效果好的，给人印象深刻的
PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS
play a role in
have a position or role in 起……作用
be/become aware of
hav knowledge or understanding of 对……清楚
in addition
what is more; besides 另外，加之
reflect on
think carefully about 深思，考虑，反省
allow for
take into consideration 考虑到，顾及，为……留出余地
网络学习的成功秘诀
虽然常规的学校依然存在，但虚拟课堂在今天的教学领域中起着重要的作用。 随着学生就业机会的迅速增多，越来越多不同年龄层的人开始意识到了这种在家中就学的网上学习方式。 然而网络学生需要具备一些独特的素质才能取得成功。 以下所列是取得成功的网上学生所具备的一些理想的素质。
1. 作为网上学习的一部分，与人分享生活、工作及学习经验。
许多人发现网上学习需要他们运用各自的经验。 同时又为他们提供了相互交流的场所。 这一交流场所消除了一些学生自我表达的视觉障碍。 此外，学生在答题之前有时间对所给的信息进行思考，这就使得网上环境开放而友好。
2. 能通过书写进行交流。
虚拟课堂的交流几乎都是书面形式。因而很重要的一点是要让学生感到书面交流并不别扭。 网上学习之前或作为网上学习的一部分，许多写作能力有限的学生必须提高书面表达能力。 这常常需要他们加倍努力。 不管是单独学习还是小组学习，学生们就学习内容交流观点、见解，并展开讨论，同时了解其他同学的意见。 这样，学生可以从同龄人那里获得真知灼见，既向老师求教，又互相学习。
3. 说出你的困难。
记住，虚拟课堂里老师看不见学生。 这就意味学生必须非常清楚地表达自己的看法和要求。 如果碰到技术方面的问题，或在理解课程中遇到困难，必须直接说出来。否则任何人都无从知晓问题所在。 如果某人不理解某个问题，或许别人也有同样问题。 如果有哪个学生能解决，他（她）也许就会帮助解决。 学生在给其他人解释问题时，自己对该问题的认识也加深了。
4. 认真对待课程。
网上学习不比课堂学习容易。 事实上，许多学生说它需要花更多的时间。 远程课程比任何一种优秀课程都要求得更高。 然而，取得成功的学生认为网上学习是便捷的受教育方式——但并不容易。 晚上或周末，为了完成作业，许多网络学生在电脑前一坐就是几个小时。 别人已完成作业开始玩耍，而此时网络学生却很可能还在上课。 他们每门课程每周要上4到15小时。
5. 把批判性思维和决策作为网上学习的一部分。
网络课程要求学生根据事实和经验作出决定。 对学生来讲，理解并消化信息，并通过批判性思维作出正确的决定是十分必要的。 在积极的网络环境中，学生从老师、同学那里及他们自己的学习中感受到自己的价值。
6. 三思而后答。
在虚拟课堂上作出有意义、质量高的回答是网上学习的重要部分。 要花时间斟酌并仔细作答， 提倡对不同观点的验证和质疑。 学生往往并不总是对的；他们应作好准备，迎接挑战。
7. 跟上课程进度。
网上学习通常是循序渐进的，要求学生专心致志。 与网络课程保持同步，并按时完成所有功课，这一点至关重要。 一旦落后就很难追上。 学生要有这么一股劲头，而且也需要这种经历。 老师可能会与学生面对面交流，提供帮助并提醒他们应坚持下去。
正如许多优秀教师不能有效地用网络辅导教学一样，并不是所有学生都具备在网上学习中取得成功所需的素质。 具备上述素质的人能够成为优秀的网络学生。 一旦拥有这些素质，网上学习说不定将是你最有价值的发现之一。
