Listen To This3lesson 27
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News in Brief
News Item 1:
1. General Comprehension. Choose the statement that best summarizes this news item.
(1) Arnold Loskin was fired from his job because he objected the US foreign policy.
(2) Arnold Loskin arrived in Moscow today for a one-month lecture tour.
(3) Arnold Loskin has defected to the Soviet Union.
Answer:
2. True or False Questions.
(1) Arnold Loskin is an American can-food researcher.
(2) Arnold Loskin has arrived in Moscow alone.
(3) Arnold Loskin defected to Moscow without being granted political asylum.
(4) Arnold Loskin defected to the Soviet Union after being fired from his job in the United States.
News Item 2:
1. General Comprehension. Choose the statement that best summarizes this news item.
(1) The House has attached arms control demands to the spending bill.
(2) The House has approved a compromise anti-drug bill.
(3) President Reagan said he wanted to shut down the government.
(4) The scheduled summit has some impact on the budget debate in the US Congress.
Answer:
2. Choose the best answer (a, b, c, or d) to complete each of the following statements.
(1) By attaching arms control demands to the spending bill, ___________.
a. Congress has given help to the Soviet leader
b. Congress is supporting President Reagan in the upcoming summit
c. President Reagan is helping Congress
d. President Reagan and Congress have reached a compromise
(2) President Reagan was forced by Congress to abide by __________.
a. the ratified SALT I Treaty
b. the unratified SALT I Treaty
c. the ratified SALT II Treaty
d. the unratified SALT II Treaty
(3) President Reagan's reaction towards the House's pressure was that ___________.
a. he would obey the House's requirements
b. he would shut down the government if he was forced to give up his way on arms issues
c. he would negotiate with the House and try to make a compromise
d. he would pay no attention to whatever the House said
3. Spot Dictation. Listen to the tape again and fill in the following blanks.
The House today approved a compromise that would institute for . A threatened a to keep it from passing. Representatives dropped from the original bill that would to patrol the border against .
News Item 3:
1. General Comprehension. Choose the statement that best summarizes this news item.
(1) The flooding problem in St. Charles county now is worse than any previous disasters in recent history.
(2) Flooding problems continue to intensify along the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers north of St. Louis.
(3) Residents of the flooded area will not be able to return home in the near future.
(4) All of the levees along the Missouri River have broken and a large number of small towns are several feet under water.
Answer:
2. Identification. Locate the following places according to what you have heard on the tape.
(1) St. Louis:
(2) St. Charles County:
(3) Portage Des Sioux:
(4) Westalton:
3. Focusing on Details. Fill in the information concerning the damages from the flood.
(1) All of the levees along the Missouri River have , and the towns of Portage Des Sioux and Westalton have .
(2) Levees and dikes north of the confluence of the two rivers are causing . Westalton is now . That town is after .
(3) Almost the entire peninsula which sits at is under as much as of water, and is now .
4. True or False Questions.
(1) Thousands of people have been allowed to return to their homes since rain stopped last Saturday in eastern Missouri.
(2) A report about the damages caused by flooding was given by Ray Camp, an officer at the St. Charles County Office of Emergency Management.
(3) According to emergency management officials, it will be quite some time before the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers reach their crest.
News in Detail
1. Note-taking Exercises. Listen to the news just once and then try to fill in the following blanks.
(1) Cal Thomas works as a . He is a for .
(2) He thinks that the House Democrats are (doing a favor for/having an enmity against) Soviet leader Gorbachev.
(3) Jim Wright is the .
(4) Other members of Congress believe Jim Wright's behavior on the eve of a summit meeting is (suitable/unsuitable) .
(5) Daniel Ortega is Nicaragua's .
(6) Jim Wright sent a to Ortega in .
(7) Jim Wright believes a deal with the Soviets will result in .
(8) Cal Thomas thinks the restraints imposed upon President Reagan by House Democrats will lead to:
a. Jim Wright is trying to before the summit;
b. Gorbachev will try to as well.
2. Summary. With the help of the above sentences, summarize this news commentary in no more than one hundred words.
3. True or False Questions.
(1) Although Cal Thomas is only Speaker of the House, he acted as if he were the President.
(2) Cal Thomas thinks that what Jim Wright has done is what a major Democratic leader should do.
(3) Gorbachev has a total control over the Politburo and is supported by the other members in the Politburo.
(4) In a 1984 "Dear Commandant" letter to Daniel Ortega, Jim Wright denounced and felt sorry for US foreign policies.
(5) According to Cal Thomas, the Soviet Union is eager to reduce its arms.
(6) Before the Vietnam War, the President's decisions always prevailed over those of the Congress.
(7) Cal Thomas thinks that the US cannot afford to make mistakes in dealing with the Soviets.
4. Focusing on Details. Fill in the detailed information according to what you have heard.
(1) Wright has offered President Reagan . He says he and House Democrats with the White House over until next year if the President will for future consideration of and other House arms control . These would include in the , which the Soviets have .
(2) The history of this country was that the President of the United States . The Congress , but in the end it was if differences arose. Now it is that is making foreign policy: on , on , and, on , with our chief adversary, the Soviet Union.
Special Report
1. Choose the best answer (a, b, c, or d) to complete each of the following statements.
(1) This special report is mainly about __________.
a. the origin of the Bladder Festival
b. the emigration of some blacks to the Soviet Union during the Depression
c. the Alaska Performing Arts for Peace and the significance of its tour to the Soviet Union
d. the history of the US-Soviet relations, especially the people-to-people exchange between the two countries
(2) The Alaska Performing Arts for Peace consists of artists from __________.
a. throughout Alaska
b. Anchorage
c. Alaska and two other states
d. The northern part of Alaska
(3) The Bladder Festival lasts about __________.
a. a month
b. two weeks
c. ten days
d. seven days
(4) The Alaska Performing Arts for Peace will travel through a succession of __________ in the Soviet Union.
a. cities and towns
b. cities, towns and villages
c. factories and farms
d. towns and villages
(5) The tour of the Alaska Performing Arts for Peace will last about ___________.
a. a month
b. two months
c. two weeks
d. three weeks
2. True or False Questions.
(1) The Bladder Festival usually ends with the return of the seal bladders to the ocean.
(2) According to Shirley Staten, one of the symbolism in the Bladder Festival is togetherness of people or peace.
(3) The tour of the Alaska Performing Arts for Peace is significant because it reunifies the Upic Eskimos along the Bering Sea on both continents for the first time in history.
(4) Apart from some forty Eskimos, the group also includes a chorus, cloggers, fiddlers and black gospel singers.
(5) According to the organizer, it has taken two years to materialize this tour.
3. Identification. Match each item in Column I with one item in Column II by recognizing the person's occupation.
Column I Column II
(1) Joanna Urick a. one of the five gospel singers
(2) John Pingyer b. organizer of this tour
(3) Aura Gologrogin c. NPR's reporter
(4) Shirley Staten d. a Upic Eskimo who reads his lines at the rehearsal
(5) Digby Belger e. a 70-year-old woman who went to the Soviet Union in 1940
Answer: (1) ?? ; (2) ?? ; (3) ?? ; (4) ?? ; (5) ?? .
4. Fill in the blanks to complete the following statements.
(1) The leaders of the two countries met in without at the time of this people-to-people exchange.
(2) The Alaskan artists gathered to rehearse their show in a on a outside of .
(3) Before the Cold War the Upic Eskimos in the two countries made a contact that they could between the two countries.
(4) The contact between the Upic Eskimos in the two countries has been since the end of the Second World War.
(5) Aura Gologrogin was looking forward to the people whom she knew when she went over to and stayed there for a while.
(6) Shirley Staten believes that each culture has and the of each culture can be and by different cultures.
(7) In the gospel singers' eyes, the highlight of the tour will be the time when they could with a small group of Russians, descendants of .
(8) The organizer of the tour believes it is a good time to go because there is a greater for the two peoples to when there is more between the two countries.
1. SALT II Treaty
The second treaty of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talk which was signed in Vienna on June 18, 1979, by Brezhnev and President Jimmy Carter. Ratification was delayed by the US Senate, however, and later indefinitely postponed following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan at the end of 1979.
2. St. Louis
Chief city and river port of Missouri. Founded as a trading post by the French in 1764, it passed to the United States in 1803 by the Louisiana Purchase, and has many important industries, such as automobile, steel, aerospace equipment, etc.
1. Politburo
A contraction for "Political Bureau," a sub-committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the USSR, responsible for laying down the lines of party policy.
2. Daniel Ortega
Nicaraguan guerrilla leader, member of the Sandinista junta that took over power in 1979, and from November 5, 1984, president of Nicaragua. In the fall of 1967 Ortega was arrested for his part in a bank robbery and spent the next seven years in jail. He was released in 1974 and exiled to Cuba, where he received several months of guerrilla training. After secretly returning to Nicaragua, Ortega played a major role in the conciliation of various factions of Sandinist National Liberation Front, and in the formation of alliances with business and political groups. One of the five members of the Sandinista junta, he was named coordinator of the Junta in 1981 and elected president of Nicaragua three years later.
1. Alaska
Situated at the northwest corner of the North American continent, Alaska is separated by Canadian territory from the conterminous forty-eight states. Alaska is the largest of the fifty states, with a total area of 591,000 square miles. Its name comes from the Aleut word "alakshak," meaning "peninsula" or "mainland." Its capital is Juneau and it entered the Union in 1959.
2. Anchorage
Port and largest town of Alaska, at the head of Cook Inlet. There is a salmon canning industry, and coal and gold are mined; and Anchorage has an international airport.
3. St. Lawrence Island
Island of western Alaska, in the Bering Sea, 150 miles south of Bering Strait and 118 miles from nearest Alaskan mainland. It is inhabited by Eskimos and was discovered in 1728.
The upcoming summit is having an impact on the budget debate on Capitol Hill. President Reagan accused Congress of helping Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev by attaching arms control demands to the spending bill. The House wants the President to continue to abide by the terms of the ungratified SALT II Treaty, among other things. House leaders say the President is threatening to shut down the government unless he gets his way on arms issues. The House today approved a compromise anti-drug bill that would institute the death penalty for drug related murders. A provision threatened a filibuster to keep it from passing. Representatives dropped the provision from the original bill that would require the use of the military to patrol the border against drug smuggling.
It hasn't rained until ... since Saturday in Eastern Missouri, but flooding problems continue to intensify along the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers north of St. Louis. Thousands have been forced to leave their homes as flood waters continue to rise. Jim Dryden of member station KWMU in St. Louis reports. "In St. Charles Counry just to the north of St. Louis, flooding is worse now than at any time in recent history. All of the levees along the Missouri River have broken, and the towns of Portage Des Sioux and Westalton, which sit at the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, have been completely isolated by water. Ray Camp of the St. Charles County Office of Emergency Management says levees and dikes north of the confluence of the two rivers are causing those rivers to seek out new channels. Westalton is now under the water of one such new channel. That town is being evacuated this evening after desperate attempts to sandbag it failed. Almost the entire peninsula which sits at the confluence of the two rivers is under as much as fifteen feet of water, and is now accessible only by boat. And even though the Missouri River reached its crest this morning and the Mississippi is expected to crest tomorrow, emergency management officials say it will be quite some time before residents of the flooded area will be able to return home. For National Public Radio, I'm Jim Dryden in St. Louis."
As President Reagan gets ready for this weekend's meeting with Soviet leader Gorbachev, commentator Cal Thomas thinks that House Democrats are depriving the President of the most important thing he could take to Iceland—a clear control over US foreign policy.
House majority leader Jim Wright isn't even Speaker of the House yet, and already he is acting as if he were President. Wright has offered President Reagan a deal. He says he and House Democrats will delay a showdown with the White House over arms control until next year if the President will agree to terms for future consideration of constraints on strategic weapons and other House arms control strategies. These would include abiding by weapons limits in the unratified SALT II Treaty, which the Soviets have repeatedly violated. This type of behavior on the eve of a meeting in Iceland between the President and Mikhail Gorbachev would be unseemly enough for any member of Congress. But for major Democratic leader it is unconscionable. Why should Gorbachev feel any need to negotiate with the President if House Democrats led by Jim Wright are doing his job for him? Gorbachev, of course, is under no such pressure since members of the Politburo in one-party Russia compete only for the privilege of being the loudest ratifier of Gorbachev policies. Wright, who was a co-signer of a 1984 "Dear Commandant" letter to Nicaragua's Marxist dictator Daniel Ortega, in which, among other things, he deplored his own country's policies against the Central American nation, apparently believes that cutting a deal with the Soviets in which we all will live in a safer world is like a mating game. One must make the right moves before the other party shows any interest. The Soviets are pressing ahead on all fronts, offensive and defensive weapons and laser technology, even while they denounce the United States for conducting research on its own strategic defense initiative. Will they be impressed by the good will Congressman Wright thinks he is displaying by trying to tie the President's hands before Iceland? Hardly. Gorbachev will try to tie the President's feet as well. The history of this country before the Vietnam War was that the President of the United States set American foreign policy. The Congress advised and debated, but in the end it was the President who prevailed if differences arose. Now it is the Congress that is making foreign policy: on South Africa, on Central America, and, on the most dangerous level of all, with our chief adversary, the Soviet Union. There is no room for mistakes in dealing with the Soviets, but Jim Wright and the House Democrats are making them. Gorbachev will arrive in Reykjavik well rested, knowing that much of his work will have already been done for him by Jim Wright. No wonder he's bringing his wife. There will be plenty of spare time for socializing.
Cal Thomas is a columnist for the Los Angeles Times Syndicate.
The Superpower leaders left Iceland this weekend without moving their nations noticeably closer to peace. But at the same time another interaction between Americans and Soviet citizens was just getting started in the USSR. It is a meeting of Northern people, an Arctic attempt at understanding. From Anchorage, reporter Joanna Urick has more on the Alaska Performing Arts for Peace.
Before Leaving for the Soviet Union, sixty Alaskans from throughout the state gathered in a log cabin on a lake outside of Anchorage to rehearse.
"I see people from Moscow. I see people from Leningrad."
As John Pingyer, a Upic Eskimo reads his lines, he's thinking about an ancient Upic ceremony called "the Bladder Festival," in which people from different villages gather together. At the end of the week-long rituals they take the bladders from seals their hunters have taken during the past year and inflate them so they'll float. Then they return the seal bladders to the ocean.
"There's a lot of symbolism behind the ceremony. And one of the strongest symbolism that we're using in this Bladder Festival is ... togetherness of people, as one part of one big village or a community, and then we use it to portray the closeness of people, which is the peace."
The Bladder Festival forms the dramatic framework for a show involving more than sixty people from Alaska. The Alaska Performing Arts for Peace will take their show through a succession of cities, towns and villages in the Soviet Union, culminating in the reunification of Siberian Upic Eskimos, people who have lived along the coast of the Bering Sea, until the Cold War moving freely back and forth between the continents. At times, they can see one another hunting on the ice, but actual contact has been forbidden since the coming of military installations following World War II. The Alaska villages of Wonga on St. Lawrence Island is actually closer to Siberia than to the US mainland. Seventy-year-old Aura Gologrogin, who accompanies the Wonga comedy players on the tour, remembers the last time she visited friends and relatives on the Siberian coast. She's looking forward to meeting them again.
"Yeh, it is like a big family reunion. I was thinking if I could meet some of the people that I know long time ago, since I have been there when I was younger. In 1940 I go over and stay there for nine days and they were so nice people. And I want to meet them again."
This tour is not just an Eskimo reunion. Along with some thirty Eskimos are chorus, cloggers, fiddlers and black gospel singers.
"Each culture has something unique to offer, and that's what we have here. Each culture has something unique to offer, and that uniqueness will be pulled together as one. And that one body is what we are sharing with the Soviet Union."
Shirley Staten is one of five gospel singers from Anchorage looking forward to another reunion with the small group of Russians, descendants of Black Americans who emigrated to Moscow during the Depression.
"And we're going to sit around and sing gospel music, and I am just ... I mean that's the highlight of the trip."
"We are going to sing in chorus. Then we can start together in Russian. It seems like that's the way it's going to work."
Organizer Digby Belger says it's taken two difficult years to make the tour of the Alaska Performing Artists for Peace a reality. And in that time, there have been dramatic ups and downs in US-Soviet relations.
"In some way, this might be a nice time to go. And you know, if ... I really feel that the more tension between us, the more that we really need to communicate. And people to people exchange is a very good way to do that."
The Alaska Performing Artists for Peace's month-long tour will take them from Moscow in the west to the Chukchi Peninsula in the east coast of Siberia. They'll return to the United States November 2nd. In Anchorage, this is Joanna Urich.
