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表语从句长难句分类解析

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2020年06月19日

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表语从句长难句分类解析

1. The irony of the historian's craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.

【翻译演练】  _________________________________

【参考译文】  历史学家这一行的讽刺性就在于实践者清楚地知道他们的努力只不过是对无休止过程的付出而已。

【结构分析】  The irony (of the historian's craft) is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions (to an unending process).此句的主语是The irony(其后括号中的of短语是其后置定语),谓语是系动词is,that引导名词性从句作表语(即表语从句);在表语从句中,谓语动词know后又接that从句,亦是名词性从句,作动词know的宾语(即宾语从句);在画线的宾语从句部分,but作“only/just”解,句末括号中的不定式短语to...是contributions的后置定语;故此句中共有两个that引导的名词从句,分别作表语和宾语(即表语从句和宾语从句)。

【词汇精记】  irony 讽刺性;craft 手/工艺,行/职业,船,飞行器(例如:~ union 同行工会);practitioner(源自practice)从业者,实践者;but(相当于only,just)仅仅;contribution to... 对……的贡献,此处根据语境的需要调整翻译为“付出”;unending 无休止的,没有尽头的(接近endless);process 过程,工艺(例如:in the ~ of... 在……过程中,secret ~ 秘方/秘密工艺)。

2. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.

【翻译演练】  _________________________

【参考译文】  商界认为他们正主导的生产率革命是否属实是更加难以定论的事情。

【结构分析】  (What is harder to establish) is ( whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real).此句的主语是what引导的名词性从句(即主语从句),谓语是系动词is,表语是whether引导的名词性从句(即表语从句),故此句中也包含了两个名词性从句; 在whether引导的表语从句中:主语是the productivity revolution,谓语是is,表语是固定搭配for real,画线部分是that引导的一个较复杂的定语从句,修饰从句的主语revolution。

【词汇精记】  establish 建立,确定(例如~ a family 建立一个家庭,~ sb's identity 确定某人的身份);productivity 生产率;assume 认为,假设;businessmen 商人,此处是名词复数形式,表示“一类人”,可引申为“商界”;preside over 主持,主导;for real 真实的(构成形式类似于for free)。

3. Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.

【翻译演练】  _____________________________

【参考译文】  伽利略最辉煌的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空,以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。

【结构分析】  Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person (to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens) (to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth ).句子主干结构中,Galileo's greatest glory是主语,系动词was是谓语,that引导表语从句;应关注的是that表语从句里面两个不定式短语的作用:to turn...是the first person的后置定语,而to prove that...则作动词turn的目的状语;在目的状语里,prove后面的that从句(画线部分)是宾语从句;在此宾语从句中,需关注revolve保持原形的用法,它和前面的动词时态不一致,原因在于此从句的内容是一条客观真理。

【词汇精记】  glory 辉煌,光荣;heaven 天堂,天空;planet 行星;revolve around 围绕……旋转;the newly invented telescope 新发明的望远镜;turn...on... 把……指向/转向;rather than 而不是。

4. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.

【翻译演练】  ___________________________

【参考译文】  困难之一在于:所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

【结构分析】  One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 此句主语是One difficulty,谓语是系动词is,表语是that引导的名词性从句(即表语从句);复杂的是,在that表语从句中:all of what is called behavioral science是该从句中的主语,谓语部分是continues to trace,宾语是behavior,后面的介词to短语是地点状语。 what is called behavioral science是what引导的名词性从句,相当于the thing (that is called behavioral science),作前面介词of的宾语(即宾语从句)。

【词汇精记】  behavioral science 行为科学;state of mind 心态,意识状态;trait 显著的特征/特点;human nature 人性;trace 追踪,追寻,探究(例如:My fear of dogs could be traced to one of my childhood experiences. 我对狗的恐惧可以追溯到我的一次童年经历)。

5. The question is how what you have learned can be put into practice.

【翻译演练】  __________________________________

【参考译文】  问题是如何将你已经习得的知识付诸实践。

【结构分析】  The question is how what you have learned can be put into practice.此句中,特殊疑问词how引导名词性从句,和前面的The question is形成主系表结构,作句子的表语(即表语从句);在此从句中,需关注画线部分,它是特殊疑问词what引导的名词性从句,在表语从句中充当主语的成分(即主语从句),其谓语是can be put,句末的into practice是地点状语,修饰put。

【词汇精记】  put...into practice 把……付诸实施。


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