托福写作常用替换词使用方法（3）

　　1. 有害的 harmful

　　(1) damaging ['dæmɪdʒɪŋ]：造成破坏的;有害的;损害的

　　Many chemicals have a damaging effect on the environment.

　　许多化学物质都对环境有破坏性的影响。

　　(2) ruinous ['ruːɪnəs]：耗资巨大的;无法承担的;破坏性的;导致严重问题的

　　The decision has proved to be ruinous.

　　事实证明这个决定造成了危害。

　　(3) destructive [dɪ'strʌktɪv]：破坏性的;极其危险的

　　The city witnessed the destructive force of the storm.

　　这座城市遭受了这场暴风雨的巨大破坏力。

　　2. 困难的 difficult

　　(1) demanding [dɪ'mɑːndɪŋ]：要求高的;需要高技能(或耐性等)的;费力的;要求极严的

　　He found he could no longer cope with his demanding job.

　　他发现自己已无力应对这份劳神费力的工作了。

　　(2) laborious [lə'bɔːrɪəs]：耗时费力的;辛苦的

　　They had the laborious task of cutting down the huge tree.

　　他们要完成砍伐大树的艰苦工作。

　　(3) formidable ['fɔːmɪdəb(ə)l]：可怕的;令人敬畏的;难对付的

　　A formidable prospect lies ahead of him.

　　他的前景令人忧惧。

　　He took on the formidable task of reforming the whole system.

　　他承担起改革整个系统的艰巨任务。

　　3. 无聊的 boring

　　(1) dull [dʌl]：枯燥无味的;沉闷的;无聊的;不明亮的

　　The conference was deadly dull.

　　会议开得死气沉沉的。

　　(2) tiresome ['taɪəs(ə)m]：令人厌倦的;无聊的;累人的

　　I find it very tiresome doing the same job day after day.

　　日复一日做相同的工作让我觉得非常无聊。

　　(3) tedious ['tiːdɪəs]：冗长的;啰唆的;单调乏味的;令人厌烦的

　　He that can read and meditate will not find his evenings long or life tedious.

　　会读书和思考的人不会感到长夜无聊或者生活乏味。

　　4. 忧虑的 worried

　　(1) anxious ['æŋ(k)ʃəs]：忧虑的;渴望的;焦急的

　　I'm anxious for her to do as little as possible.

　　我盼她尽量少干。

　　He was anxious about the enormity of the task ahead.

　　他为眼前任务的艰巨性而感到焦虑。

　　(2) apprehensive [æprɪ'hensɪv] 忧虑的;担心的;疑惧的;恐惧的

　　She was deeply apprehensive that something might go wrong.

　　她很担心可能要出什么差错。

　　The long delay had made me quite apprehensive.

　　长时间的耽搁使我相当忧虑。

　　(3) fraught [frɔːt] 充满(不愉快事物)的;焦虑的;忧虑的;担心的

　　You're looking very fraught, Mildred! Is there anything the matter?

　　米尔德丽德!看起来你忧心忡忡，有什么不对劲吗?

　　It has been a somewhat fraught day.

　　这是令人颇为担忧的一天。

　　5. 沮丧的 sad

　　(1)depressed [dɪ'prest] 抑郁的;沮丧的;意志消沉的;患抑郁症的

　　The news that he had not pass the exam depressed him a lot.

　　没有通过考试的消息让他很沮丧。

　　She felt very depressed about the future.

　　她感到前途无望。

　　(2) gloomy ['gluːmɪ] 黑暗的;阴暗的;幽暗的;忧郁的

　　The light is gloomy in the farm house , but the children study very very conscientiously .

　　农舍里光线灰暗，但孩子们学习很很认真。

　　They found him in gloomy, downbeat mood.

　　他们发现他情绪低落，无精打采。

　　(3) frustrated [frʌ'streɪtɪd] 挫败的;失意的;受挫折

　　The police frustrated the bandit's attempt to rob the bank.

　　警方挫败了匪徒抢劫银行的企图。

　　6. 怀疑的 doubtful

　　(1) skeptical ['skeptɪkəl] 怀疑地;心存疑惑地;将信将疑地

　　However, I encourage you to be skeptical about what I tell you.

　　但是，我鼓励你们怀疑我所告诉你们的东西。

　　Many were skeptical about this solution.

　　许多人对这一解决办法表示怀疑。

　　(2) suspicious [sə'spɪʃəs] 感觉可疑的;怀疑的;令人怀疑的;不信任的

　　The ingenuous person had never thought of being suspicious of what others told him.

　　天真的人从来不会怀疑他人告诉他的话。

　　Most organizations are, quite understandably, suspicious of new ideas.

　　大多数机构对新想法持怀疑态度，这不难理解。

　　(3) incredulous [ɪn'kredjʊləs]

　　She gave me an incredulous glance.

　　她表示怀疑地向我瞥了一眼。

　　另一类是逻辑词汇，在托福独立写作评分标准中，逻辑是被重点提到的哦!

　　An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:

　　1. Effectively addresses the topic and task.

　　2. Well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and /or details.

　　3. Displays unity, progression, and coherence.

　　4. Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.