托福写作语法知识：That从句

　　第一步：牢记基本原则，一个句子只能有一个谓语，一个完整的句子至少包含主语和谓语这两个句子成分。

　　*注意：从句和主句分别算作一个句子，谓语本质上就是动词时态。从句有且仅有一个动词时态，主句有且仅有一个动词时态。时态包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般过去时等等。

　　例句：The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。(一般现在时)

　　He gave me a book yesterday. 昨天他给了我一本书。(一般过去时)

　　The trees planted last year are growing well now. 去年栽下的树如今长得很好。(现在进行时)

　　We have been in this room since 9 o’clock. 我们从9点起就在这个房间了。(现在完成时)

　　注意：划线部分是谓语动词

　　第二步：认识包含从句的复合句。复合句=主句+从句(从句=引导词+从句其他句子成分)

　　It was a fault that could not be forgiven. 那是一个不能被宽恕的错误。主句从句(其中”that”是引导词)

　　I have no idea that he is accepted by a college. 我不知道他被大学录取这件事情。主句从句

　　注意：本文专讲引导词“that”引导的从句。

　　第三步：开始写句子。

　　1.主语从句：That+完整句子+谓语(动词时态)+其他成分

　　例句：1). That he is going to Beijing upsets me. 他去北京这件事让我很难过。完整句子

　　2). That the earth goes around the sun is a truth. 地球围绕太阳转是一个真理。完整句子

　　*有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用“It”代替主语从句放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。1). It upsets me that he is going to Beijing.2). It is a truth that the earth goes around the sun.

　　常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that从句……是必须的(重要的/自然的/奇怪的)It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that从句……是一个遗憾(耻辱/不奇怪)It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that从句建议/要求/提议/渴望……

　　例句：It is necessary that workers in factory are punctual.在工厂里工作的工人必须准时。It is a pity that he got dropped out of school at so young an age.令人遗憾的是他那么小就辍学了。It is proposed that car using in this city should be limited.人们提议汽车的使用应该被限制。

　　2.宾语从句：主语+谓语(动词时态)+that+完整的句子注意：这种从句就是谓语动词后面的句子。“that”没有实义，但书面语中不省略。例句：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他告诉我他明天会去上海。注意：“told”这个谓语动词后面跟了“me”和“that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow”两个宾语。We must never think that we are good in everything. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好。

　　3.表语从句：主语+谓语(系动词)+that+完整的句子系动词：be, sound听起来, look看起来，feel摸起来，smell闻起来，taste尝起来，remain保持，仍是例句：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。The reality is that she has to quit her job for him. 事实是她必须为了他而辞职。注意：“that”不做成分，书面语中所有的引导词“that”都不要省略。

　　4.定语从句：用来修饰名词或者代词的句子。先写一个简单句，然后在简单句中的名词或者代词后面加个that从句，注意这里的“that”要在从句中做成分。从含义上讲，“that”=从句所修饰的词。例句：It is a novel that you may like to read. 这是一本你也许想看的小说。注意：“that”从句修饰“novel”这个词。Idon't like the novel that you borrowed yesterday. 我不喜欢你昨天借的那本小说。Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy.任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。注意：这里的“anything”是不定代词。

　　5.同位语从句：名词+that从句+谓语+其他可用于同位语从句的名词有：advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。The suggestion that we go abroad to study is given by him.我们去国外学习的建议是他给的。