托福写作中反问句的使用方法

　　通过官方的评分细节，来说明态度及其反问句使用的意义。首先，我们看看官方对反问句是什么的态度。”The writer's language is fluent, accurate, and varied enough to effectively support the progression and connection of ideas. There is a variety of sentence structures, including rhetorical questions.“ 显然我们可以了解到评卷人把反问句看做加分点!

　　我们可以从上面官方给出来的点评得知，反问句的使用确实可以加分。因为通常考生会觉得反问句很难加入写作中，尤其是对论述形式的写作。但我们可以从上面的信息了解到至少评卷人把上述段落中的反问句视作一种“句型变化”而加以肯定和褒扬。先来看在托福Official Guide里备受评卷人赞誉的反问句的实例。

　　在原文第四段中，为了说明honesty的重要性作者是这样写的：

　　In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I'm dealing with is honest.Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldn't like,s/he'd better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that'd be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again?How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there...

　　上文的表态的意思可以理解为提出问题不需要回答，而这个问题只是更加强调作者的立场。因此我们可以发现考官对于反问句的使用是非常认同而且鼓励的。考生们也很担心自己写的反问句是不是老外眼中的那种反问句。

　　因此整理了一下国外关于反问句的定义，如下：

　　A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question thatis asked to make a point rather than to elicit an answer. Though a rhetorical question does not require a direct answer, in many cases it may beintended to start a discussion or at least draw an acknowledgement that thelistener understands the intended message.

　　通过上文对反问句的定义，我们可以很明确告诉大家，反问句就是这样写的，不要在担心。此外，也为大家分析一下反问句为什么能够收到评卷人的赞誉而得到加分?这就要从托福作文的评分标准说起了。

　　托福Official Guide里面对于高分作文的要求(Scoring Rubic)描述如下：

　　*Effectively addresses the topicand task

　　*Is well organized and well developed, appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and / or details

　　*Display Unity, progression, and coherence

　　*Display consistent use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity

　　我们可以从上述的高分作文要求得知，考生使用的反问句完全是符合要求的，并且能够帮助考生在句式结构上也加分不少。其实，除了体现“句型变化”，合理使用rhetorical question还能帮助我们满足评分标准第一条的要求“effectively addresses the topic and task”。事实上，反问句不仅能够有效的回应主题，还能强调作者的观点从而获得读者的认同。同时我们也能知道，反问句的使用，尤其是设问的合理使用还能起到很好的衔接作用，也就是符合上述条件的第三条。

　　因此，总结反问句作用如下：

　　Emphasize a point 强调重点

　　Persuade powerfully 说服有利

　　Influence subtly 影响深远

　　Provoke thinking 激发思维

　　Help smooth transition 合理承接上下文