1. [词海垂钓]从词典中“钓”出一串同根词吧。
su-(sub-)
2. [举一反三]根据已知单词的词义推断出其同根词的词义。
spiritual a.心灵的；精神的→① spiritualism n.
→② spiritualist n.
→③ spiritualize v.
3. [同义相连]将左栏中的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。
① inspiration a.满期；截止
② perspiration b.吸气；鼓舞
③ respiration c.排汗；汗液
④ aspiration d.呼吸；呼吸作用
⑤ expiration e.志气；抱负；渴望
4. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① conspiratorial a.阴谋的；阴谋家的
② dispirit v.使气馁；使沮丧
dispirited a.没有精神的；垂头丧气的
③ spiracle n.通气孔
④ aspirate v.把……发成送气音；吸出 n.送气音
aspirator n.吸气器；抽吸器
aspiration n.发送气音；送气音
⑤ spirituous a.含酒精的；似酒精的
⑥ despiritualize v.使失去精神性；使世俗化
5. [节外生枝] spiro-是术语前缀，表“呼吸”。分析下列单词的词义。
① spirograph n.呼吸描记器
② spirometer n.肺（活）量计
③ spirophore n.（柜式）人工呼吸器
④ spiroscope n.呼吸量检视器
89. st, stat [L]=to stand站立
st和stat是一对很重要的同源异形根。st来自拉丁动词stare；stat是它的动名词词干，意思都是to stand（站立）。（大家可能会想起，词根sist的意思也是to stand；其实，sist的词源也是stare。）
state [st=to stand站立；-ate n.=thing物→“that which stands or is set up立着的物体，建立的东西”→] n.① the general mode of things that stand around 总的模样，状态：the state of war 战争状态 ② the political organization which is set up in a country政府；国家：capitalist states资本主义国家
▽statehood [state;-hood n.] n.国家地位
stateless [state;-less a.] a.无国家的；无国籍的
stately [state;-ly a.] a.尊严的，庄重的；雄伟的
station [stat=to stand站立；-ion n.=the act or state表行为或状态→] n.① standing; standing-place; position 停留；站立点；位置 ② fixed standing-place for trains, buses, planes, etc. 车站；机场等：railway station火车站
▽stationary [station;-ary a.] a.固定的；静止的
stay [stay (stat)=to stand站立→] v. stand and remain rather than go on or leave停留：Stay here until I return.呆这儿等我回来。
distance [di-(dis-)=apart分离；st=to stand站立；-ance n.=the state表状态→“the state of standing apart分立的状态”→] n.① separation in space;remoteness相距；远隔：The picture looks better at a distance.这幅画远看更好。② amount of separation in space or time（空间或时间的）距离：a distance of 20 miles 20英里距离
▽distant [di-;st;-ant a.] a.在远处的；久远的
constant [con-(com-)=thoroughly彻底地；st=to stand站立；-ant a.=-ing……的→“standing thoroughly始终站立的”→] a.① fixed or firm坚定的：a constant believer in science坚信科学的人 ② continual持续的：constant growth 持续增长 ③ unchanging 不变的：constant temperature room恒温室
▽constancy [con-;st;-ancy n.] n.坚定；经久不变
circumstance [circum-=around周围；st=to stand站立；-ance n.=thing物→“thing standing around 在周围站立的东西”→] n. fact, condition or event concerned有关事实、情况等：I want to consider each circum-stance in turn.我要逐一考虑有关情况。
▽circumstantial [circum-;st;-ant;-ial a.] a.按情况的；偶然的
contrast [contra- = in opposition 相对；st = to stand 站立→“to stand in opposition相对而立”→]Ⅰv. set in opposition in order to show differ-ence使对比：to contrast good and evil 对比善与恶→Ⅱn. difference in things contrasted对比物之间的差别：the striking contrast between wealth and poverty贫富之间的悬殊差别
ecstasy [ec-(ex-)=out of外；st=to stand站立；-asy (-acy) n.=the state表状态→“the state of standing out of one's own place because of joy因为高兴站到自己位置之外去”→] n. being put out of the normal mental state;excessive joy出神，入迷；狂喜：He listened to the music with ecstasy.他听音乐听得出了神。
▽ecstasize [ecstas(y);-ize v.] v.使入迷；使狂喜
ecstatic [ec-;stat;-ic a.] a.入迷的；欣喜若狂的
obstacle [ob-=in the way拦阻；st=to stand站立；-acle n.=thing物→] n. anything that stands in the way and hinders advance 障碍物：to over-come obstales to progress排除前进的障碍
rest [re-=back后；st =to stand站立→“to stand back or stay behind站在后面，留在后头”→]Ⅰv.① stay, or remain停留；余下② remain or still be保持着，依然是：The affair rests a riddle.这件事依然是个谜。→Ⅱ n. persons that still remain;what is left其余的人；剩余部分：Ten of us will go, the rest are to stay here.我们去十个人，其余的留在这儿。
