饮食失调与控制体重无关

什么是进食障碍?

Eating disorders fall into three basic categories: disorders of restriction, or anorexia; bingeing, known medically as binge eating disorder; and bingeing followed by compensation—such as self-induced vomiting—which is called bulimia.

进食障碍可分为三种基本类型:限制障碍或厌食症;暴饮暴食，医学上称为暴饮暴食症;接着是暴饮暴食，然后是补偿——比如自我诱发的呕吐——这被称为暴食症。

Unpacked further, restriction means limiting calories so much that weight loss is more than expected for a given height and weight. This doesn’t necessarily mean the person will appear emaciated. Someone who was at the 90th percentile for weight, for example, could still be considered anorexic if they reduced their weight to the 70th percentile.

更进一步的，限制意味着限制热量的摄入，对于给定的身高和体重来说，减肥的效果比预期的要好。这并不一定意味着这个人会显得憔悴。例如，体重排在第90百分位的人，如果他们把体重减到第70百分位，仍然会被认为是厌食症患者。

Bingeing is more than simply overeating. It’s out-of-control eating, leading to extreme feelings of fullness and guilt, typically within a couple of hours after a meal. By bingeing, a person can check out of life circumstances to focus only on food.

暴饮暴食不仅仅是简单的暴饮暴食。这是一种失控的进食，会导致极度的饱足感和负罪感，尤其是在饭后几小时内。通过暴饮暴食，一个人可以脱离生活环境，只关注食物。

With bulimia, a binge is followed by an action to compensate for the calories consumed. Purging is one of them, but there are others, including exercise taken to an extreme. Although exercise is often overlooked as a form of compensation, a person addicted to it has more than three-and-a-half times the likelihood to be diagnosed with an eating disorder than a person a without one.

对于暴食症，暴食之后会有一个动作来补偿所消耗的卡路里。净化是其中之一，但还有其他的，包括极端的锻炼。虽然运动常常被忽视为一种补偿形式，但一个沉迷于运动的人被诊断为饮食失调的可能性是一个没有饮食失调的人的3.5倍以上。

It should be emphasized that not all of these disorders always result in weight loss. Those with binge eating disorder and bulimia may be at or above expected weight.

应该强调的是，并不是所有这些疾病都能导致体重减轻。那些患有暴食症和暴食症的人可能达到或超过预期体重。

The root of an eating disorder

饮食失调的根源

Eating disorders aren’t about managing weight. Rather, they’re a way to manage emotions. When my clients describe what it’s like to restrict themselves from food, they often talk of being “empty” and feeling “numb” to the world.

饮食失调与控制体重无关。相反，它们是一种管理情绪的方式。当我的客户描述不吃东西是什么感觉时，他们经常说自己“空虚”，对世界感觉“麻木”。

Take someone dealing with a trifecta of guilt, shame, and embarrassment. Bingeing is exceedingly effective at burying these emotions. So is compensation, a tool to give the sufferer a break from the emotional turmoil. The relief they receive is a reinforcer, and it’s extraordinarily powerful. Purging, overeating, compensating—it all feels good. Very quickly, the pattern is repeated.

就拿一个要同时面对内疚、羞耻和尴尬的人来说。暴饮暴食对埋葬这些情绪非常有效。补偿也是如此，它是一种让患者从情绪混乱中解脱出来的工具。他们得到的安慰是一种激励，而且这种激励非常强大。排便、暴饮暴食、补偿——这一切都让人感觉良好。很快，这个模式就重复了。