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旅行的艺术:Ⅷ 对美的拥有-3

所属教程:旅游英语大全

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2020年09月18日

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约翰·罗斯金 [1] 出生于1819年2月的伦敦,他大多数作品都围绕着一个主题,即如何拥有美景。

John Ruskin was born in London in February 1819. A central part of his work was to pivot around the question of how we can possess the beauty of places.

从很小的时候开始,罗斯金就不同寻常地敏感于视觉世界里最细小的特征。他曾回忆起自己三四岁时的情形:“每天,我盯着地毯上的方形图案和不同的颜色,仔细研究原木地板上的木节,或是细数对面房舍的砖块数目,便会觉得心满意足。”对罗斯金的这种敏感,他的父母是鼓励的。他的母亲引领他进入自然,他的父亲,一个富有的雪利酒进口商,则在下午茶后读古典作品给他听,并且每周六都会带他去一家博物馆。在夏日的假期里,全家人环游英伦三岛和欧洲大陆,他们并不是为了娱乐或是消遣,而是为了美;通过这种方式,他们大致地了解了阿尔卑斯山的美、法国北部及意大利中世纪城市的美、尤其是了解了亚眠和威尼斯的美。他们坐在马车里慢慢地游览,一天从不超过50英里,并且每隔几英里就停下来观赏景色——一种罗斯金终其一生都在实践的旅游方式。

From an early age, he was unusually alive to the smallest features of the visual world. He recalled that at three or four: 'I could pass my days contentedly in tracing the squares and comparing the colours of my carpet-examining the knots in the wood of the floor, or counting the bricks in the opposite houses with rapturous intervals of excitement.' Ruskin's parents encouraged his sensitivity. His mother introduced him to nature, his father, a prosperous sherry importer, read the classics to him after tea and took him to a museum every Saturday. In the summer holidays, the family travelled around the British Isles and mainland Europe, not for entertainment or diversion, but for beauty, by which they understood chiefly the beauty of the Alps and of the medieval cities of northern France and Italy, in particular Amiens and Venice. They journeyed slowly in a carriage, never more than fifty miles a day, and every few miles stopped to admire the scenery-a way of travelling that Ruskin was to practise throughout his life.

由于他对美和拥有美的兴趣,罗斯金得出了5条主要结论:首先,美是由许多复杂因素组合而成,对人的心理和视觉产生冲击;第二,人类有一种与生俱来的倾向,就是对美作出反应并且渴望拥有它;第三,这种渴望拥有的欲望有比较低级的表现形式,包括买纪念品和地毯的渴望,将一个人的名字刻在柱子上的渴望和拍照的渴望;第四,只有一种办法可以正确地拥有美,那就是通过理解美,并通过使我们敏感于那些促成美的因素(心理上的和视觉上的)而达到对美的拥有。最后,追求这种敏锐理解的最有效的方式就是,尝试通过艺术,通过书写或绘画来描绘美丽的地方,而不考虑我们是否具有这样的才华。

From his interest in beauty and in its possession, Ruskin arrived at five central conclusions. Firstly, that beauty is the result of a complex number of factors that affect the mind psychologically and visually. Secondly, that humans have an innate tendency to respond to beauty and to desire to possess it. Thirdly, that there are many lower expressions of this desire for possession, including the desire to buy souvenirs and carpets, to carve one's name in pillars and to take photographs. Fourthly, that there is only one way to possess beauty properly and that is through understanding it, through making ourselves conscious of the factors (psychological and visual) that are responsible for it. And lastly, that the most effective way of pursuing this conscious understanding is by attempting to describe beautiful places through art, through writing or drawing them, irrespective of whether we happen to have any talent for doing so.

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