旅行的艺术:回归 Ⅸ 习惯-3

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从1799年到1804年，亚历山大·冯·洪堡尝试了一次环绕南美洲的旅行，后来将描写他的所见的文章命名为《新大陆赤道地区之旅》。

From 1799 to 1804, Alexander von Humboldt undertook a journey around South America, later entitling the account of what he had seen Journey to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent.

在洪堡开始旅行的9年前，也就是1790年的春天，一个27岁的法国人，塞维尔·德·梅伊斯特，进行了一次环绕他的卧室的旅行，后来将描写他的所见的文章命名为《我的卧室之旅》。这次的经历让他感到非常满足，在1798年，德·梅伊斯特进行了第二次旅行。这一次他彻夜在房间里游荡，并且冒险地走到了远至窗台的位置，后来将他的描述命名为《卧室夜游》。

Nine years earlier, in the spring of 1790, a twenty-seven-year-old Frenchman, Xavier de Maistre, undertook a journey around his bedroom, later entitling the account of what he had seen Journey around My Bedroom. Gratified by his experiences, in 1798, De Maistre undertook a second journey. This time, he travelled by night and ventured out as far as the window-ledge, later entitling his account Nocturnal Expedition around My Bedroom.

《新大陆赤道地区之旅》，和《我的卧室之旅》分别代表两种不同的旅行方式。第一种旅行要求有10匹骡子，30件行李，4个翻译员，一只经纬仪，一个六分仪，两架望远镜，一台博得经纬仪，一只气压计，一只指南针，一只湿度计，西班牙国王写的介绍信和一把枪。第二种旅行，则需要一套粉红色和蓝色相间的睡衣。

Two approaches to travel: Journey to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent, Journey around My Bedroom. The first required ten mules, thirty pieces of luggage, four interpreters, a chronometer, a sextant, two telescopes, a Borda theodolite, a barometer, a compass, a hygrometer, letters of introduction from the King of Spain and a gun. The second, a pair of pink and blue cotton pyjamas.

塞维尔·德·梅伊斯特1763年出生于法国阿尔卑斯山脚下风景如画的小镇仓伯利。他天性热情而浪漫，喜欢读书，尤其是蒙田、帕斯卡尔和卢梭的作品；喜欢绘画，尤其是画丹麦和法国国内的风景。23岁的时候，德·梅伊斯特开始迷上航空。在那之前3年，艾蒂安·蒙戈尔菲埃已经因为制作了一只在凡尔赛宫上空飞翔8分钟的热气球而为世人所知，热气球上的乘客包括一只名叫“Montauciel”（意即“爬上天空”）的绵羊，一只鸭子和一只公鸡。德·梅伊斯特和一个朋友用纸和金属线制作了一对翅膀，计划飞往美洲。他们没有成功。两年以后，德·梅伊斯特登上热气球，在坠入一片松树林之前，在仓伯利的上空飘浮了一会儿。

Xavier de Maistre was born in 1763 in the picturesque town of Chambéry at the foot of the French Alps. He was of an intense, romantic nature, was fond of reading, especially Montaigne, Pascal and Rousseau, and of paintings, especially Dutch and French domestic scenes. At the age of twenty-three, De Maistre became fascinated by aeronautics. Etienne Montgolfier had, three years before, achieved international renown by constructing a balloon that flew for eight minutes above the royal palace at Versailles, bearing as passengers a sheep called Montauciel (Climb-to-the-sky), a duck and a rooster. De Maistre and a friend fashioned a pair of giant wings out of paper and wire and planned to fly to America. They did not succeed. Two years later De Maistre secured himself a place in a hot air balloon and spent a few moments floating above Chambéry before the machine crashed into a pine forest.

后来，到了1790年，德·梅伊斯特住在杜林一幢公寓楼顶层的一间素朴的房间里，在那里他率先开始了一种使他成名的旅行模式：室内旅行。

Then in 1790, while he was living in a modest room at the top of an apartment building in Turin, De Maistre pioneered a mode of travel that was to make his name: room-travel.

在介绍《我的卧室之旅》这本书时，德·梅伊斯特的哥哥，政治理论家约瑟夫·德·梅伊斯特，强调塞维尔的目的并不在于讽刺过去那些伟大旅行家——麦哲伦、杜雷克、安森和库克——英雄般的经历。麦哲伦发现了一条西行的路线，通往南美洲南端的斯拜斯群岛；杜雷克作了环球航行；安森绘制了精确的菲律宾群岛航海图，而库克证实了一个南方大陆的存在。“他们毫无疑问都很杰出，”约瑟夫写道。但他弟弟发现了一种更实际的旅行之道，让那些像他们一样缺乏勇气或财力不足的人也能一圆旅行梦。

Introducing Journey around My Bedroom , Xavier's brother, the political theorist Joseph de Maistre, emphasized that it was not Xavier's intention to cast aspersions on the heroic deeds of the great travellers of the past: 'Magellan, Drake, Anson and Cook'. Magellan had discovered a western route to the Spice Islands around the southern tip of South America, Drake had circumnavigated the globe, Anson had produced accurate sea charts of the Philippines and Cook had confirmed the existence of a southern continent. 'They were no doubt remarkable men,' wrote Joseph; it was just that his brother had discovered a way of travelling that might be infinitely more practical for those neither as brave nor as wealthy as they.

“在我之前，有数百万人不敢去旅行，还有一些人不能去旅行，而更多的人甚至想都没有想过去旅行。现在，他们都可以模仿我。”塞维尔在准备他的旅行时解释说。“即使最懒惰的人在出发寻找快乐之前也将不会有任何借口犹豫不决，因为这样做既不费钱也不费力。”他尤其向穷人和那些害怕风暴、强盗和险峻悬崖的人推荐室内旅行。

Millions of people who, before me, had never dared to travel, others who had not been able to travel and still more who had not even thought of travelling will now be able to follow my example,' explained Xavier as he prepared for his journey. 'The most indolent beings won't have any more reason to hesitate before setting off to find pleasures that will cost them neither money nor effort.' He particularly recommended roomtravel to the poor and to those afraid of storms, robberies and high cliffs.