雅思阅读答题详解
问句通常作为引题，是过渡性的句子。所以，在做Headings题时，如果某个段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句是问句，应该忽略，不用阅读，肯定不是主题句。圈某段话的第一句为：
Should police assume all the responsibility for ensuring a rapid response?
译文：警察应该承担保证快速反应的全部责任吗?
讲解：此句虽然是该段话的第一句，但因为是问句，所以不用看，肯定不是主题句，直
接看该段话的第二句即可。
2.举例子的句子不会是主题句
英文文章讲究以理服人，经常用例证法，即举个例子来论述自己的观点。所以，在阅读文章中，经常有以For example开始的句子。请同学们注意，举例子的句子是用来解释说明观点的，它不会是段落的主题句。所以，在做Headings题时，如果某个段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句是举例子的句子，应该忽略，不用阅读，肯定不是主题句。
例：For example，it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only if responses are in the order of l-2 minutes after a call is received by the police.
译文：例如，只有在警察接到电话1-2分钟之后做出的快速反应才会提供抓住罪犯的更大可能性。
讲解：这是一个以For example开始的举例子的句子，所以不用看，肯定不是主题句。
3.正确答案应是主题句的改写，与主题句特别一致的选项应引起怀疑。
正确答案应是主题句的改写，所以与主题句中的某些词特别一致的选项应不是正确答案。
例;某段话的第一句(主题句)为：
Overall，female students outnumbered male students in the survey.
有一个选项为：L.Female Students
原句的意思是：在调查中，女学生的数目超过男学生的数目。上述选项只提到了女学生，所以，它不对。应用本条规律，你会发现它与主题句中的词female students一模一样，所以也应该怀疑它不是正确选项。正确选项为：Gender。Gender的意思是“性别”。在主题句中并没有这个词，可见正确答案应是主题句的改写。
例：某段话的第一句(主题句)为：
While student visa holders took either 10—29 week or 40 week courses，most students on working holiday and tourist visas took courses Of less than 10 weeks，or from 10 to 19 weeks in length.
容易误选的选项为：
H.Visas 正确选项为：B.Length of courses
4. 如果需要阅读整个段落，应重点阅读该段落中的重点词句
并不是每个段落都有主题句，有10%左右的Headings是必须阅读整段才能找出的。受英语水平的限制，如果阅读整个段落有困难，应重点阅读段落中的如下内容：
(1)反复出现的词 (2)括号里的词 (3)引号里的词 (4)黑体字 (5)斜体字
题型概述
配对题的类型众多，大致可分为关系配对和从属配对。
关系配对题
关系配对按原文给出的某种关系将题目中的两组信息联系起来，包括因果关系、正反比关系。
1. 因果关系配对题
因果关系配对题是指，根据原文内容在备选项中找出题干的结果或原因。我们曾多次强调因果关系在雅思阅读中的重要性，在回原文寻找关键词语言重现的时候应该更加关注字里行间表示因果关系的小词，尤其是由动词或介词表达的小因果关系。
解题步骤：
1.不用先把题目从头到尾看一遍，而应该一道题一道题地做下去。
2.先找题目中的关键词(信息词)，再到原文中去找它的对应词。
3.仔细阅读关键词所在的句子，确定正确的答案。
4.做题时，要特别注意原文中的因果关系。
1. The reduction in children’s freedom may also contribute to a weakening of the sense of local community. As fewer children and adults use the streets as pedestrians, these streets become less sociable places. There is less opportunity for children and adults to have the spontaneous exchanges that help to engender a feeling of community. This in itself may exacerbate fears associated with assault and molestation of children, because there are fewer adults available who know their neighbours’ children, and who can look out for their safety.
2. The extra traffic involved in transporting children results in increased traffic congestion, pollution and accident risk. As our roads become more dangerous, more parents drive their children to more places, thus contributing to increased levels of danger for the remaining pedestrians. Anyone who has experienced either the reduced volume of traffic in peak hour during school holidays, or the traffic jams near schools at the end of a school day, will not need convincing about these points. Thus, there are also important environmental implications of children’s loss of freedom.
In the paragraphs above, there are FIVE problems stated. These problems, numbered as questions 1-5, are listed below. Each of these problems has a cause, listed A-G. Find the correct cause for each of the problems and write the corresponding letter A-G, in the spaces numbered 1-5 on the answer sheet.
There are more causes than problems so you will not use all of them and you may use any cause more than once.
problems causes
1. low sense of community feeling A few adults know local children
2. streets become less sociable B fewer people use the streets
3. fewer chances for meeting friends C increased pollution
4. fears of danger for children D streets are less friendly
5. higher accident risk E less traffic in school holidays
F reduced freedom for children
G more children driven to school
反比关系配对题
正反比关系配对题，是依据原文内容判断题干同选项之间为正比关系、反比关系或无关系。做这类题目时，除了留意语言重现，还要注意表示数量变化的词汇。
Disappearing Fish
1 Sea fishing grew rapidly in the decades after the Second World War. Mechanisation increased the fishermen’s catch in traditional grounds and then carried them to distant waters for more. After the world catch had tripled to over 60 million tones in only 20 years, fishing developed more slowly in the 1970s and 1980s, like the rest of the oil-shocked world economy. In 1989, when the sea catch rose above 86 million tones, the growth stopped.
2 In 1990 and 1991, the two most recent years for which the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has figures, the world catch began to shrink. It has not been a dramatic fall--only a few percent overall. But experts at the FAO, in common with many fisheries scientists, now believe that the limit to sustainable catches of wild fish was exceeded decades earlier. In more and more waters, too few fish have been left in the sea to maintain levels needed for spawning. Thus fishermen are consuming the very resource that should yield their catch.
3 When catches of the most valuable fish in the waters of the northern hemisphere, such as turbot and halibut, started to fail, fleets began instead to chase other species that had been thrown back as "trash" only a generation before--whiting, spiny dogfish and others. They also fished distant waters and found massive catches of a few other low-value species. The FAO notes that it was these short-lived catches-___ of fish such as Alaska Pollack, Peruvian anchoveta and Japanese pilchard____that greatly increased the total world catch in the 1980s.
4 But the true, downward trend in fishing worldwide was masked because these catches were measured in tones, not dollars. Moreover, the world’s 3 million or so fishing boats cannot hope for further yields of that kind. There are no more waters and few species that have not been explored. The world’s fishermen say they operate at a loss: $22 billion in 1989, not counting capital expenditure or profit from unreported illegal catches.
5 Almost all the 200 fisheries monitored by the FAO are fully exploited. One in three is depleted or heavily overexploited, almost all in the developed countries. Governments have encouraged this excess, by subsidising fishermen, often as a form of regional aid and in response to failing catches. Although fishermen still catch relatively few of the 15,000 existing species of fish, most of the remainder are expensive to catch, taste bad, or both.
6 Overfishing is not the only threat to the world’s fisheries, although it is the most severe. Development and pollution are also reducing fish numbers. According to Paul Brouha, director of the American Fisheries Society, between 11 and 15 million salmon once spawned in the Columbia river system. Now there are only 3 million, of which 2.75 million are spawned artificially. So much of the river system has been dammed that only 250,000 salmon can find their way back to old spawning grounds. According to a recent study, three-quarters of the American catch comprises species that depend upon estuaries (often as a habitat for young fish, which can safely feed in the shallow waters).
7 But estuaries are themselves vulnerable. Almost a third of the world’s 5.5 billion people live within 60 kilometres of the sea, polluting inshore waters with effluent from industry, and farmland. Lagoons and wetlands are filled to make land; mangrove forests are cut down; fresh water is taken in large quantities upstream, affecting the salinity of estuaries and the growth of young fish.
8 For all the damage that they cause, overfishing and pollution rarely lead to extinction (though even this is possible for a few large, slow-growing and valuable species, such as the bluefin tuna). Nor, at least for many years yet, will fish be off the menu for those who have enough money. Indeed, as the price of fish climbs and biotechnology develops, the most valuable fish will increasingly be farmed. Fish farming, or aquaculture, yielded more than 12 million tones in 1990, and is growing by more than 10% a year. Fin-fish make up almost 70% of the total, shellfish a quarter, and shrimp about 6%. But intensive fish farming tends to damage coastlines. And, though the technology is developing rapidly the FAO doubts whether farmed fish will account for more than 12% of world fish consumption by the end of the century.
