血液检查/血常规

对于医学生来说，进行医学英语学习是非常有必要的，因为在工作中会涉及到很多国内外的最新医学信息。下面是小编整理的血液检查/血常规的资料，希望对你有所帮助！

血液检查/血常规

　　Blood Test, or blood routine as we habitually called, is defined as "a test performed to provide a defined Blood analysis testing for conditions such as anemia, cholesterol, diabetes, various infections, kidney function, calcium levels, liver function, Blood disease, abnormalities in the body, etc." It is one of the most common lab tests in hospitals. These tests are ordered, and the results are used by your physician to pinpoint or to support diagnosis, monitor or determine treatment, or to screen for undiagnosed conditions. So medical personnel should ask the patient for the information before making diagnoses.

　　血液检查，或我们习惯所称的血常规，是指“通过血液分析检查，确定人体贫血、胆固醇、糖尿病、各种感染、肾功能、钙、肝功能、血液疾病及躯体异常等情况的检查。它是医院最常见的化验内容之一。血液检查应由医嘱指定，医生使用检查结果明确或支持诊断，监督或决定治疗手段，并对未确定的病情作出筛查。

　　Many non-illness related factors may have an impact on your Blood test results. These include such things as the meals eaten or not eaten (fasting) in the 24 hours preceding the test, race, dietetic preference, age, sex, stress, menstrual cycle, physical exercise in the hours before testing, collection and/or handling of the specimen, non-prescription drugs (aspirin, cold medications, vitamins, etc.), prescription drugs, alcohol intake, and the quality of the sleep that you got on the night before the test, among others. form www.med66.com

　　但是，很多非疾病因素也会影响血液检查结果，如检查前的饮食情况、种族、饮食疗法、年龄、性别、工作压力、经期、体育锻炼、血液标本采集及操作方法、非处方药物使用情况（包括阿斯匹林、感冒药、维生素等）、处方药使用情况、饮酒、睡眠等。因此，医生在作出诊断前必先向病人了解这些情况。

　　Blood can be tested for many different things. The most common blood tests are: full blood count - checks for anaemia, and other conditions which affect the blood cells, blood chemistry, kidney function, liver function, hormone levels and metabolism, blood glucose (sugar) level, blood clotting tests, tests for inflammation, blood cholesterol level, drug screening, immunology, and blood grouping.

　　血液检查有多种目的，最常用检查项目有以下这些：全血细胞计数（主要是检查贫血及其他影响血细胞水平的疾病）、血液生化、肾功能、肝功能、激素与代谢水平、血糖、凝血、炎症、胆固醇、药物浓度、免疫情况、血型。

　　Blood tests results usually include measurements such as CBC, or Complete Blood Count, which normally includes a Red Blood Cell Count (RBC Blood Test), a Hematocrit (the percent of whole Blood that is composed of red Blood cells), Hemoglobin (the iron-containing respiratory pigment in red Blood cells), a White Blood Cell Count (WBC), a Differential Blood Count, (DIFF - an estimate, based on Blood cell counts in a representative sample, of the percentage of white Blood cell types that make up the total white Blood cell count), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV - a test that helps diagnose a cause of an anemia, a Blood Platelet Count, and others. In fact, blood test can yield more than ten or even tens of measurements in modern laboratory test. Please refer to Blood Test Normal Value.

　　血常规一般应包括全血细胞计数（通常包括红细胞计数）、血细胞比容（即含红细胞血液的百分比）、血红蛋白测定（红细胞中的含铁呼吸色素）、血细胞分类计数（根据代表性样本的血细胞计数对全部白血细胞计数中白细胞类型的百分比估计）、平均红细胞容积（诊断贫血原因）、血小板计数等。但在现代实验室中，血常规检查一次测定可得到十几项至几十项参数。具体参数参见血液检查正常范围。

　　The results can reveal various conditions depending on the level of each component of blood. The results are usually examined in terms of abnormally high or low counts since they are intended to help diagnoses. Below are some examples interpreting these results.

　　检查结果可以提示不同的疾病，检查通常是为了发现这些指数的过高或过低，以帮助诊断。如：

　　1. The Platelet Count

　　1、血小板计数（PC）

　　Platelet Count is reported as thousand millions per litre. Platelets are small cells that act as a clotting agent in the blood. High: Abnormally high known as thrombocytosis. Can cause excessive clotting. Often associated with inflammatory disease and leukemia. Low: Abnormally low known as thrombocytopenia. Can cause excessive bleeding or bruising. Associated with many disorders including leukemia, medication use, and conditions such as ITP (immune thrombocytopenic purpura), TTP(thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura), HUS (hemolytic-uremic syndrome), DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation).

　　血小板计数的单位是mg/L。血小板是血液中的凝血因子。高于正常为血小板增多症。可能导致血液过度凝固，通常与炎症性疾病和白血球过多症有关。低于正常属血小板减少，可导致过度流血或擦伤，通常与白血球过多、药物使用有、免疫性血小板减少性紫癫（ITP）、血栓形成性血小板减少性紫癫（TTP）、溶血性尿毒性综合征（HUS）和弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）等有关。

　　2. Red Cell Count

　　2、红细胞计数（RCC）

　　Red Cell Count is reported in cells per litre of blood. Red cell count is the estimation of the number of red blood cells per litre of blood. High: High levels of RBC are associated with dehydration, congenital heart disease, kidney disease. Low: Anaemia due to blood loss, over-hydration, iron deficiency, bone marrow failure.

　　红细胞计数单位为U/L。它是每单位血液中的红细胞数。红细胞计数高与脱水、先天性心脏病及肾脏疾病有关。过低则提示有因失血、水合过度、缺铁及骨髓衰竭引起的贫血。

　　3. Hemoglobin

　　3、血红蛋白

　　Haemoglobin’s normal range: Male: 13-17 (g/dl), Female: 12-16 (g/dl) reported in grams per litre. Haemoglobin is found in the red blood cells and its function is to carry oxygen cells around the body. High: Lung disease. Low: Anaemia.

　　血红蛋白正常值：男，13－17（g/dl），女，12－16（g/dl）。血红蛋白存在于红血球中，其作用是输送氧气。过高提示有肺部疾病，过低提示有贫血。

　　4. White Cell Count

　　4、白细胞计数

　　White Cell Count is reported in cells per litre of blood. White cell count is the estimation of the total number of white blood cells per litre of blood. High: Infection, tissue damage, leukaemia, inflammation. Low: Bone marrow disorders.

　　白细胞单位U/L，为每单位血液中的的细胞数。过高提示有感染、组织损坏、白血病，发炎。过低提示有骨髓疾病。