2017年职称英语试题《卫生B》完形填空专项练习(3)

　　Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens

　　While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate” against the blues, scientists atthe University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking mayactually 1 depressive symptoms in some teens.

　　"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived2benefits ofsmoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the OntarioTobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. " 3 cigarettes may appear to haveself-medicating4or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started tosmoke reported higher depressive symptoms."

　　As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires5theiruse of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French andEnglish participants, urban and rural schools, and schools 6 in high, moderate and lowsocio-economic neighbourhoods.

　　Participants were divided into three7: never smokers: smokers who did not use cigarettesto self-medicate, improve mood or physical8 ; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate.

　　Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had9going to sleep or staying 10; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about thefuture; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.

　　"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood 11 had higher risks of elevated depressivesymptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer O'Loughlin, a professorat the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study foundthat teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of12depressive symptoms."

　　The 13 between depression and smoking exists 14among teens that use cigarettesto feel better. "It's 15 to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher amongteenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr.Chaiton.

　　1. A. examine　　B. increase　　C. decrease　　D. diagnose

　　2. A. social　　B. financial　　C. emotional　　D. political

　　3. A. Whatever　　B. Although　　C. Whenever　　D. what

　　4. A. effects　　B. methods　　C. steps　　D. directions

　　5. A. beside　　B. beyond　　C. in　　D. about

　　6. A. exposed　　B. expanded　　C. located　　D. detected

　　7. A. groups　　B. sets　　C. species　　D. versions

　　8. A. world　　B. activity　　C. state　　D. beauty

　　9. A. time　　B. courage　　C. energy　　D. trouble

　　10. A. asleep　　B. awake　　C. still　　D. silent

　　11. A. reducers　　B. improvers　　C. creators　　D. removers

　　12. A. changing　　B. identifying　　C. developing　　D. overcoming

　　13. A. difference　　B. association　　C. cooperation　　D. agreement

　　14. A. occasionally　　B. scarcely　　C. probably　　D. principally

　　15. A. illogical　　B. unscientific　　C. meaningless　　D. important

　　2017年职称英语考试试题《卫生B》完形填空专项练习题答案及解析：

　　1.B。本文重点介绍借抽烟缓解抑郁情绪的青少年到后来他们的depressive symptoms(抑郁症状)反而加重了。第二、五、六段都明确提到了这一点。所以B(increase)是答案。其他三个选项的词义与上下文不符。

　　2.C。抽烟缓解抑郁是一种情绪上(emotional)的得益，不会是social(社会上的)、financial(经济上的)或political(政治上的)得益。所以答案是C。

　　3.B。空格所在的句子虽然缺词，但意思还是清楚的，前半句的意思与后半句的意思是相反的。前半句说香烟看上去有助于改善心情，后半句说从长远角度看，depressive symptoms的风险反而会增加。四个选项中只有选项B的although能将前半句和后半句连接起来，并有“让步”的意思。

　　4.A。句中的or是“即”的意思，也就是说，to have self-medicating加上填入的词后的意思相当于to improve mood。四个选项中只有选项A的effects(效果)是填入空格的最合适的词。to improve mood是自我治疗的效果。其他三个选项methods，steps，directions与self-medicating连用，意思分别为“自我治疗的方法”“自我治疗的步骤”“自我治疗的指导”，均与句子的意思不符。

　　5.D。本题要填入的词是介词。通过分析可知，their use of cigarettes to affect mood应该是questionnaire(问卷)所要了解的内容。所以，about是正确的选项。

　　6.C。科学家在选择问卷对象时注意了代表性，入选的青少年既有讲法语的，也有讲英语的，他们就读的学校有城市的，也有农村的。接下来的问题是：在schools，in high和moderate and low socio e.conomic neighbourhoods(高档社区、中档社区，低档社区)之间选哪个词才符合上下文的意思呢?很明显，这些学校有位于高档社区的，也有位于中档和低档社区的。所以located是答案。

　　7.A。本句的意思很明显，问卷的参与者被分成三组或三类。groups是正确的选择。再看其他三个选项：three sets意为“三套”，three species意为“三个物种”，three versions意为“三个版本”，没有一个是合适的。

　　8.C。科学家将参与者分成三组，其中一组的参与者不采用吸烟作为自我调节情绪的手段。填入的词应与情绪、身体等有关。若选A、B、D三项，组成的词组分别是physical world(物质世界)、physical activity(体育活动)、physical beauty(形态美)，均与上文的意思衔接不上，所以A、B、D不会是答案。由C项state组成的词组physical state(身体状况)与上文的意思连贯。因此C是答案。

　　9.D。本段介绍了问卷包含的问题。作者罗列的问题都是负面的，如乏力、失眠、烦躁等。所以填入空格的词也应该是负面的。trouble符合这个要求，是本题的答案。

　　10.A。第9题选了trouble，空格所在的句子是“…had trouble going to sleep or staying”。or是“即”的意思，也就是说，had trouble going to sleep意思上就相当于“staying”。根据这一判断，填入空格的词非awake莫属。

　　11.B。第一段和第二段都说到，抽烟缓解抑郁心情最终导致更抑郁。本句“Smokers who used cigarettes as mood had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked”表达的是同样的意思。文章第二段和第三段都出现improve mood，所以，mood后面要填入的词应该是improvers，即选项B。而A、C、D的意义均不符合上下文。

　　12.C。本句又重复了上题所表达的意思。只有developing的意义才符合上下文，因此C是答案。

　　13.B。从上下文判断，本句指的是depression和smoking之间的联系，不会是它们之间的差异(difference)、合作(cooperation)或一致性(agreement)。association的词义是“联系”，所以是答案。

　　14.D。调查的对象是青少年，所以不可能是occasionally(偶尔)、scarcely(几乎不)或probably(很可能)在青少年之中，而是principally(主要)在青少年之中。

　　1 5.D。从通篇文章判断，“to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke”是做这项调查的发现和结论，作者说出这一点，只会认为很重要(important)，不会认为不合乎逻辑(illogical)、不科学(unscientific)或没有意义(meaningless)。所以，important是答案。