2013年职称英语考试《综合类C级》考试真题及答案
1、This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.
A.open
B.sudden
C.cruel
D.direct
2、 The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.
A.bottom
B.surface
C.top
D.structure
3、 Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8：00 and 9：00 in the morning.
A.border
B.goal
C.level
D.peak
4、 she came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A.passed by
B.found by chance
C.took a notice of
D.woke up
5、 She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A.worried
B.sleepy
C.anxious
D.offensive
6、 I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.
A.threw
B.broke
C.stretched
D.seized
7、 I tried to detach myself the reality of these terrible events.
A.separate
B.bring
C.put
D.set
8、 It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.
A.right
B.obvious
C.unbelievable
D.unclear
9、 "There is no other choice," she said in a harsh voice.
A.unkind
B.firm
C.soft
D.deep
10、 We found shelter from the rain under the trees.
A.defense
B.standing
C.room
D.protection
11、 The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me.
A.strange
B.real
C.whole
D.same
12、 That performance was pretty impressive.
A.completely
B.beautifully
C.very
D.equally
13、 We have to change the public's perception that money is everything.
A.sight
B.interest
C.belief
D.pressure
14、 He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A.attracted
B.taught
C.kept
D.changed
15、 I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A.at
B.about
C.with
D.from
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
23、回答23-31题
Pedestrians Only
1. The concept of traffic-free shopping areas goes back a long time. During the Middle Ages, traffic-free shopping areas were built in Middle Eastern countries to allow people to shop in comfort and, more importantly, safety. As far back as 2, 000 years ago, road traffic was banned from central Rome during the day to allow for the free movement of pedestrians ( 行人 ), and was only allowed in at night when shops and markets had closed for the day. In most other cities, however, pedestrians were forced to share the streets with horses, coaches and, later, with cars and other motorised vehicles.
2. The modern, traffic-free shopping street was born in Europe in the 1960s, when both city populations and car ownership increased rapidly. Dirty gases from cars and the risks involved in crossing the road were beginning to make shopping an unpleasant and dangerous experience. Many believed the time was right for experimenting with car-free streets, and shopping areas seemed the best place to start.
3. At first, there was resistance from shopkeepers. They believed that such a move would be bad for business. They argued that people would avoid streets if they were unable to get to them in their cars, when the first streets in Europe were closed to traffic, there were even noisy demonstrations, as many shopkeepers predicted they would lose customers.
4. However, research carried out afterwards in several European cities revealed some unexpected statistics. In Munich , Cologne and Hamburg , visitors to shopping areas increased by 50 percent. On Copenhagen 's main shopping street, shopkeepers reported sales increases of 25-40 percent. Shopkeepers in Minneapolis , the USA , were so impressed when they learnt this that they even offered to pay for the construction and maintenance costs of their own traffic-free streets.
5. With the arrival of the traffic-free shopping street, many shops, especially those selling things like clothes, food and smaller luxury items, prospered. Unfortunately, it wasn't good news for everyone, as shops selling furniture and larger electrical appliances ( 电器 ) actually saw their sales drop. Many of these were forced to move elsewhere, away from the city centre.
paragraph 1 __________
A.A need for change
B.An idea from ancient history
C.Popularity of online shopping
D.Facing protest from shop owners
E.Increase in sales and customers
F.An experiment that went wrong
24、 paragraph 2 __________
A.A need for change
B.An idea from ancient history
C.Popularity of online shopping
D.Facing protest from shop owners
E.Increase in sales and customers
F.An experiment that went wrong
25、 paragraph 3 __________
A.A need for change
B.An idea from ancient history
C.Popularity of online shopping
D.Facing protest from shop owners
E.Increase in sales and customers
F.An experiment that went wrong
26、 paragraph 4 __________
A.A need for change
B.An idea from ancient history
C.Popularity of online shopping
D.Facing protest from shop owners
E.Increase in sales and customers
F.An experiment that went wrong
27、 Traffic-free shopping streets first developed in __________
A.pedestrians
B.north America
C.customers
D.a bad experience
E.middle eastern countries
F.furniture sellers
28、 In the 1960s, dirty gases from cars made shopping __________
A.pedestrians
B.north America
C.customers
D.a bad experience
E.middle eastern countries
F.furniture sellers
29、 Shopkeepers mistakenly believed that car-free streets would keep away __________
A.pedestrians
B.north America
C.customers
D.a bad experience
E.middle eastern countries
F.furniture sellers
30、 The arrival of the traffic-free shopping street made many __________lose their business.
A.pedestrians
B.north America
C.customers
D.a bad experience
E.middle eastern countries
F.furniture sellers
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、回答31-36题
The Development of Ballet
Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.
Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid -1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.
This passage deals mainly with _________.
A.famous names in ballet
B.Russian ballet
C.how ballet has developed
D.why ballet is no longer popular
32、 The word "pageants" in paragraph 2 means_________.
A.dances
B.instruction
C.royal courts
D.big shows
33、 Professional ballet was first performed in _________.
A.France
B.Italy
C.Russia
D.America
34、 Who had an important influence on early ballet?
A.Balanchine
B.Louis XIV
C.Antoinette
D.Diaghilev
35、 We can conclude from this passage that ballet _________.
A.will continue to change
B.is a dying art
C.is currently performed only in Russia
D.is often performed by dancers with little training
36、回答36-41题
An Expensive Mistake
Is there water on the planet Mars? Is there life on Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these questions. They built a spacecraft to travel around Mars and get information. The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter.
The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars in December 1998. The trip took nine and a half months. At first, everything was fine. However, when the Orbiter got near Mars, something terrible happened. The spacecraft didn't go to the right place. It went too close to Mars. It was too hot for the Orbiter there. The spacecraft couldn't function correctly. Suddenly, it stopped sending messages to NASA. The Orbiter was lost.
How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned? Finally, they found the answer. Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter. One team was in England , and one team was in the United States . There were many similarities in the way they worked, but there was one important difference: The teams used different guidelines for measuring things. The United States team used the metric system( 公制 ). The other team used the English system.
Because they used different systems, the scientists made a mathematical mistake. The Orbiter's orbit (the shape and pattern of its path) around Mars was not correct. The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path. The Orbiter got too close and too hot, and it stopped functioning.
Why didn't anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed to the problem. One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time. This was a challenge, and they were very fired from working long hours.
The Mars Climate Orbiter cost $ 94 million to build. It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost orbiter in space. In addition, NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive; this wasn't the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects. However, the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!
NASA built the mars climate orbiter to get information about __________.
A.possible life on Mars
B.the size of Mars
C.the shape of Mars
D.the atmosphere of Mars
37、 How long did it take the orbiter to get close to mars?
A.One year.
B.Less than one year.
C.About two and a half year.
D.More than three years.
38、 When did the orbiter's problem begin?
A.Right after it left for Mars.
B.When it got near Mars.
C.Right after it landed on Mars.
D.When it returned to Earth.
39、 What caused the orbiter's problem?
A.Scientists used wrong guidelines of mathematics.
B.Scientists used wrong building materials.
C.Scientists used different operating systems.
D.Scientists used different measurement systems.
40、 Why didn't NASA scientists identify the problem before the orbiter left for Mars?
A.They didn't know the English system.
B.They were sure of the success of the trip.
C.They didn't get enough research funding.
D.They were tired from working long hours.
41、回答41-46题
Operation Migration
If you look up at the sky in the early fall in the northern part of North America , you may see groups of birds. These birds are flying south to places where they can find food and warmth for the winter. They are migrating ( 迁徙 ). The young birds usually learn to migrate from their parents. They follow their parents south, in one unusual case, however, the young birds are following something very different. These birds are young whooping cranes, and they are following an airplane!
The whooping crane is the largest bird that is native to North America . These birds almost disappeared in the 1800s. By 1941, there were only about 20 cranes alive. In the 1970s, people were worried that these creatures were in danger of disappearing completely. As a result, the United States identified whooping cranes as an endangered species that they needed to protect.
Some researchers tried to help. They began to breed whooping cranes in special parks to increase the number of birds. This plan was successful. There were a lot of new baby birds. As the birds became older, the researchers wanted to return them to nature. However, there was a problem: These young birds did not know how to migrate. They needed human help.
In 2001, some people had a creative idea. They formed an organization called Operation Migration. This group decided to use very light airplanes, instead of birds, to lead the young whooping cranes on their first trip south. They painted each airplane to look like a whooping crane. Even the pilots wore special clothing to make them 10ok like cranes. The cranes began to trust the airplanes, and the plan worked.
Today, planes still lead birds across approximately 1,200 miles ( 1,931 kilometers ), from the United States-Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexico . They leave the birds at different sites. If a trip is successful, the birds can travel on their own in the future. Then, when these birds become parents, they will teach their young to migrate. The people of Operation Migration think this is the only way to maintain the whooping crane population.
Operation Migration works with several other organizations and government institutes. Together, they assist hundreds of cranes each year. However, some experts predict that soon, this won't be necessary. Thanks to Operation Migration and its partners, the crane population will continue to migrate. Hopefully, they won't need human help any more.
Whooping cranes migrate in winter to__________.
A.find warmth and food
B.raise baby whooping cranes
C.get human help
D.lay eggs
42、 Whooping cranes are native to__________.
A.Mexico
B.South America
C.North America
D.the Persian Gulf
43、 Operation Migration aims to__________.
A.teach adult cranes how to fly
B.lead young cranes on their first trip south
C.breed cranes in special parks
D.transport cranes to the North
44、 The distance covered by the young whooping cranes on their trips south is__________.
A.120 miles
B.1,200 miles
C.1,931 miles
D.2, 000 miles
45、 If Operation Migration is successful, whooping cranes will __________.
A.follow airplanes south every year
B.live in Canada all year round
C.learn to migrate on their own
D.be unable to fly back
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
46、回答46-51题
A Doctor in the I-louse
Brushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away. But if a group of scientific researchers have their wish, it will make the rest of your body healthy too. (46) It is one of many gadgets ( 小装置 ) proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York - others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory, and a home camera designed t0- check for cancer.
The devices seem fanciful' but the basic principles are simple. The gadgets should make it easy for people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal. (47) In the long run, the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.
Intelligent bandages ( 绷带 ) are a good example. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics ( 抗生素 ) would work best. (48) .
Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer ( 溃疡 ) is coming up.
All the projects should have far-reaching implications, but the biggest single development is a melanoma ( 黑瘤 ) monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer. (49) If a problem is found, the system would advise you to get a check-up at your doctor's surgery.
If all this sounds troublesome, then help is at hand. (50) A standard computer would be able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which would calm your nerves.
请在第______填上正确答案.
A.The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare it with previous images.
B.That is going to be the difficult part.
C.The cut could then be treated instantly so avoiding possible complications.
D.Experts are also working on a "digital doctor", completing it with a comforting bedside manner.
E.Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals, the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.
F.A toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in USA .
47、 请在第______填上正确答案.
A.The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare it with previous images.
B.That is going to be the difficult part.
C.The cut could then be treated instantly so avoiding possible complications.
D.Experts are also working on a "digital doctor", completing it with a comforting bedside manner.
E.Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals, the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.
F.A toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in USA .
48、 请在第______填上正确答案.
A.The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare it with previous images.
B.That is going to be the difficult part.
C.The cut could then be treated instantly so avoiding possible complications.
D.Experts are also working on a "digital doctor", completing it with a comforting bedside manner.
E.Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals, the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.
F.A toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in USA .
49、 请在第______填上正确答案.
A.The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare it with previous images.
B.That is going to be the difficult part.
C.The cut could then be treated instantly so avoiding possible complications.
D.Experts are also working on a "digital doctor", completing it with a comforting bedside manner.
E.Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals, the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.
F.A toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in USA .
50、 请在第______填上正确答案.
A.The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare it with previous images.
B.That is going to be the difficult part.
C.The cut could then be treated instantly so avoiding possible complications.
D.Experts are also working on a "digital doctor", completing it with a comforting bedside manner.
E.Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals, the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.
F.A toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in USA .
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
51、回答51-59题
Global Warming
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists put the ___________(51) for recent natural disasters on the increase ___________(52) the world's temperatures and are convinced ___________(53) , more than ever before, the Earth is at ___________(54) from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to ___________(55) , global warming is making extreme weather events, ___________(56) as hurricanes and droughts, even more ___________(57) and causing sea levels all around the world to ___________(58) .
Environmental groups are ___________(59) pressure on governments to take action to reduce the ___________(60) of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, ___________(61) attacking the problem at its source. They are in ___________(62) of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then ___________(63) existing power stations.
Some scientists, ___________(64) believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow. We would have to wait several hundred years to ___________(65) the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.
请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.position
B.practice
C.blame
D.question
52、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.at
B.by
C.in
D.about
53、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.when
B.where
C.what
D.that
54、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.threat
B.danger
C.harm
D.risk
55、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.it
B.them
C.these
D.those
56、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.just
B.even
C.such
D.well
57、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.strict
B.stable
C.severe
D.silent
58、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.raise
B.fall
C.lift
D.rise
第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
59、回答59-59题
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit? The most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits, like sucking out thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes "programmed" into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change out habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study program, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same picture again, and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and second. Two weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change out ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behavior. This is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previous learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.
Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
59、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.facing
B.putting
C.keeping
D.reducing
第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
60、 We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
60、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.deal
B.amount
C.number
D.count
第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
61、 Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
61、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.thus
B.yet
C.but
D.and
第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
62、 Researchers were surprised by the answer that the volunteers gave in the first test.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
62、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.belief
B.favour
C.request
D.suggestion
第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
63、 The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
63、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.change
B.build
C.fill
D.replace
第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
64、 The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond what to get rid of.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
64、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.therefore
B.however
C.although
D.despite
第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
65、 If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
65、请在第___________处填上正确答案.
A.hear
B.notice
C.guess
D.apply
第1部分：词汇选项
1.【答 案】C
【题 干】这是一次极为残忍的攻击。
A.开放的 B.突然的 C.残忍的 D.直接的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线单词brutal的意思是“残忍的”，与cruel含义相同，故本题选C。
2.【答 案】D
【题 干】框架必须强大有力，以便支撑引擎。
A.底部 B.表面 C.顶端 D.结构
【解 析】本题考查名词。划线的单词flame的意思是“框架”，与structure的含义相近，故本题选D。
【考点延伸】frame和structure在词典上含义并不完全相同，本题考查深层含义的近似。
3.【答 案】D
【题 干】交通流量在早晨8点到9点之间达到最高峰。
A.边界 B.目标 c.水平 D.顶峰
【解 析】本题考查名词。rush hour的意思是交通流量最拥挤的时候，与peak的含义相近。
【考点延伸】表示“顶点，高峰”的单词还有climax、maximum等。
4.【答 案】B
【题 干】我偶然发现睡在桥下的三个孩子。
A.经过，路过 B.偶然发现 C.注意 D.醒来
【解 析】本题考查动词词组。划线词come across意为“偶遇，无意中发现”。C选项没有“偶然”之意，是混淆选项。
【考点延伸】表示“偶遇、碰到”的单词和词组有：meet by chance，run into，encounter。
5.【答 案】D
【题 干】当她喝醉的时候会变得爱寻衅惹事。
A.担忧的 B.困倦的 c.焦虑的 D.攻击性的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线词aggressive意为“攻击性的”，与offensive同义。
【考点延伸】offensive与defensive是反义词。
6.【答 案】D
【题 干】我抓住他的胳膊，使得他转过身来看着我。
A.扔掉 B.打破 C.伸展 D.抓住
【解 析】本题考查动词。划线单词grab的意思是“抓住”，与seize含义相同。故选D。
【考点延伸】表示“抓住”的单词有：catch、grab、seize、hold等。
7.【答 案】A
【题 干】我试图将自己同这些可怕的事实分离开来。
A.分开 B.带来 C.放D.设置
【解 析】本题考查动词。划线单词detach的意思是“分离，脱离”，与separate的含义相近，故本题选A。
【考点延伸】separate、divide、detach等，都表示“分开，脱离”的意思。
8.【答 案】C
【题 干】真让人难以置信，她已经在那里待了一个星期了。
A.正确的 B.显然 C.不可置信D.不清楚
【解 析】考查形容词。划线词incredible意为“难以置信的，惊人的”，故选择C。
【考点延伸】本题仍然是in-(否定前缀)+credible的构词方式，正确选项也采取同样的方式un。(否定前缀)+believable=不可置信的。常用的否定前缀有un-/in-/dis-/mis-/non-等。常见的否定后缀有-less。
9.【答 案】A
【题 干】“没有别的选择。”她用很严厉的声音说道。
A.不友好的 B.坚定的 C.柔软的D.深刻的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线单词harsh在这里的意思是“严格的，严厉的”，与unkind的含义相近。故本题选A。
【考点延伸】本题考查两个单词在具体语境下的深层含义。harsh还有“严酷”的意思.可以修饰气候、环境等。
10.【答 案】D
【题 干】我们在树下避雨。
A.防卫 B.站立 C.空间 D.保护
【解 析】本题考查名词。划线单词shelter的意思是“庇护”，与protection含义相近，故本题选D。
【考点延伸】shelter还有动词的词性，常与from连用，同义词为“avoid”。
11.【答 案】A
【题 干】奇怪的事情是他认不出来我。
A.奇怪的 B.真实的 C.整体的D.相同的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线单词odd的意思是“奇怪的”，与strange的意思相近。故本题选A。
【考点延伸】表示“奇怪的”词汇有：strange，peculiar，eccentric，weird。
12.【答 案】C
【题 干】表演让人印象十分深刻。
A.彻底地 B.漂亮地 C.非常 D.相同地
【解 析】本题考查副词。pretty做副词的含义是“非常，十分”，与very含义相同。故本题选C。
【考点延伸】very、pretty、greatly等都表示“非常，十分”。pretty做形容词时，意思是“漂亮的”，与beautiful意思相近。
13.【答 案】C
【题 干】我们不得不改变公众认为金钱就是一切的观点。
A.视野，视线 B.兴趣
C.信念 D.压力
【解 析】本题考查名词。划线单词perception的意思是“观点、理解、认识”，与belief的含义相近，故本题选C。
【考点延伸】perception的动词形式为perceive，意思是“观察、觉察”，近义词为 observe。
14.【答 案】A
【题 干】他是被这个公司提供的高工资所诱惑。
A.吸引 B.教授
C.保持、保留 D.改变
【解 析】考查动词。划线词tempt意为“诱惑，引起”，与A选项含义相同。
【考点延伸】表示“吸引、诱惑”的同义词有：attract，lure，induce等。
15.【答 案】B
【题 干】至于说她是否适合这个职位，我无可奉告。
A.在 B.和……一起 C.关于 D.从……
【解 析】考查介词。划线词as regards意为“至于，关于”。只有about意思相近。
【考点延伸】有关常见介词的基本含义和用法，在考试中不少见。复习要注意两点：第一、基本含义;第二、常见的介词搭配。
第2部分：阅读判断
16.【答 案】C
【题 干】男孩通常在他们非常年轻时形成坏习惯。
A.正确 B.错误 C.未提及
【解 析】本题的关键词为boys和bad habits，回到原文定位发现全文没有提及boys，故只能选择“未提及”。
17.【答 案】B
【题 干】如果别人告诉我们去做，我们才能改掉不良饮食习惯。
A.正确 B.错误 c.未提及
【解 析】从第二段第二句可知改掉坏习惯有两个途径：有人阻止或者潜意识地观察其他人没有相同的坏习惯，我们就会逐渐摆脱坏习惯。因此题干内容有误，故选B。
【考点延伸】grow out of是个固定搭配，意思是“超过、超越”。
18.【答 案】A
【题 干】当我们有压力时，坏习惯可能会回来。
A.正确 B.错误 C.未提及
【解 析】从第三段第一句“…it is the old ways that tend to win，especiallyin situations where we are rushed。stressed oroverworked.”可知在面对压力的时候，有些我们以为已经改掉的坏习惯又会回来。因此题干内容正确，故选A。
【考点延伸】tend t0的意思是“倾向于，将要”，rush的本意是“奔跑”，在这里引申含义为“匆忙做……”，rushed，stressed，overworked都是表达“压力”的意思，因此此处是一个同义替换的考题。
19.【答案】B
【题 干】研究人员对志愿者在第一个测试中给出的答案感到惊讶。
A.正确 B.错误 C.未提及
【解 析】从第四段第三句“It came as no surprise that their answers were split between thefirst set of words and second.”可以知道研究人员对志愿者在第一个测验中得出的结果一点都不感到惊讶。因此题干内容有误，故选B。
【考点延伸】It came as no surprise…that…是一个主语从句后置的结构，真正的主语是that从句的内容，it是形式主语。这样的句型很多，比如：
It isimportant that we work hard.
It isbelieved that the president will come tomorrow.
20.【答 案】C
【题 干】志愿者们发现第二次测试更加困难。
A.正确 B.错误 C.未提及
【解 析】文章没有提及志愿者是否发现更难。因此答案为C。
【考点延伸】find+名词+形容词的结构中，形容词为补语。
21.【答 案】B
【题 干】研究表明，要回答出摆脱什么样的习惯是更有难度的。
A.正确 B.错误 C.未提及
【解 析】从第五段第二句“We may try to change our ways，but after awhile，the response that comes to mind first is usuallythe first one we learned.”可知我们尝试改变方式，但首先到我们脑海中的经常是我们最开始学的。由此可推理，要摆脱最先认知的内容是更困难的。因此题干内容有误，故选B。
【考点延伸】这是一个由细节进行推理的题目，需要根据原文回现与题干内容进行对应并进一步推理后才能做出选择。
22.【答 案】A
【题 干】如果我们在早期养成了很多坏习惯，它们很难被摆脱掉。
A.正确 B.错误 C.未提及
【解 析】从最后一段“The study therefore suggests that over time，ourbad habits also become automatic，learned behavior.This is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early inlife and now want to change or break them.”可知坏习惯慢慢就变成了自动的习得行为，一旦早期养成了什么坏习惯，在后期要改变或打破它们很难。因此题干内容正确，故选A。
【考点延伸】learned behavior的意思是“通过学习得到的行为”，即“习得行为”， learned的近义词为acquired。pick up的意思是“捡起，养成”，常跟 habit连用。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23.【答 案】B
【题 干】第一段的主要内容是___________
【解 析】第一段的首句是主题句：没有汽车的购物区概念可以追溯到很久以前，接下来又说没有汽车的购物区在中世纪就有了，故B(一个远古的想法)是正确答案。
24.【答 案】A
【题 干】第二段的主要内容是___________
【解 析】第二段没有主题句，只能通过全段做总结。本段的大意是现代步行街出现在20世纪60年代的欧洲。城市人口和汽车保有量迅速增加导致肮脏的气体穿过马路，这使人们的购物很不愉快而且是危险的。此时，许多人认为尝试无车的街道和购物区似乎是最好的，故A(需要改变)为最佳答案。
25.【答 案】D
【题 干】第三段的主要内容是___________
【解 析】第三段首句是主题句，无车的街道和购物区运动遭到了商户的反对。故D(面临商户的抵制)是正确答案。
26.【答 案】E
【题 干】第四段的主要内容是___________
【解 析】第四段首句是主题句，步行街运动显示了出人意料的结果，购物者增加了50%，销售额增加了25 ~40%。故E(销售和顾客增加了)是正确答案。
27.【答 案】E
【题 干】无车辆停驶的购物街首先出现在___________。
【解 析】由第一段第二句可知，无车辆行驶的购物街最早出现在“Middle Eastern countries”，故选E。
【考点延伸】原文中的90es back a long time与题干中的first是对应的。同时，出题顺序也是比较重要的定位方法，前面的题往往对应文章开始的段落。
28.【答 案】D
【题 干】在20世纪60年代，汽车肮脏的气体使购物___________。
【解 析】根据年代回到原文定位到第二段第三句话可知肮脏的气体使购物“an unpleasant and dangerous experience”。故选D。
【考点延伸】题干中的bad是unpleasant and dangerous的改写和总结。
29.【答 案】C
【题 干】店主们错误地认为无车的街道会使___________远离。
【解 析】根据第三段最后一句话可知许多店主预测他们将失去customers(客户)，故选C。
【考点延伸】该题干中的“错误地”对应的是第四段的第一个词however，表示对上文含义的转折。第三段讲到商户有所担心，第四段则通过转折表示这种担心是错误的。
30.【答 案】F
【题 干】购物街的出现使许多___________失去了业务。
【解 析】前面都在讲购物街带来的好处，但根据第五段第二句话中unfortunately (不幸的是)可知，该词后面应该有不好的一面：购物街的出现使家具和较大的电器商店的销售下降。故选F。
【考点延伸】本题也是通过表示语义走向的转折词来定位的。
第4部分：阅读理解
31.【答 案】C
【题 干】这篇文章主要讲述的是___________。
A.跳芭蕾舞的名人
B.俄罗斯芭蕾
C.芭蕾是如何发展的
D.为什么芭蕾不再流行了
【解 析】主旨题。根据文章的标题“The Development of Ballet”可知文章主要讲的就是芭蕾舞的发展，而其他选项都是文章的一部分。故C是正确答案。
32.【答 案】D
【题 干】第二段中的“pageant”一词的意思是___________。
A.舞蹈 B.指示 C.皇家庭院 D.大型表演
【解 析】词汇题。“pageant”一词出现在第二段第二句“At that time it became commonfor kings and queens，as well as other nobility，to participate in pageants that included music，poetry，and dance.”，由此句后面的描述提到的“these entertainments”可知“these”指代上文“pageant”，同时 pageant后面有定语从句做出解释“包含音乐，诗歌，舞蹈”，只有D选项符合这个解释，故本题正确答案为D。
33.【答 案】A
【题 干】专业芭蕾舞的首次演出是在___________。
A.法国 B.意大利 C.俄罗斯 D.美国
【解 析】细节题。根据文中第三段第一、二句可知专业的芭蕾舞起源于17世纪。
法国国王路易十四自己就是一个专门的舞者，建立了皇家舞蹈学院，所以法国是专业芭蕾舞的首次演出地。故A是正确答案。
34.【答 案】B
【题 干】___________对早期的芭蕾有重要的影响。
A.Balanchine B.Louis XIV C.Antoinette D.Diaghilev
【解 析】细节题。第三段第二句“King Louis XIV of France，himself a devoted dancer，founded the Royal Academy of Dance.”可知法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学院。故B是正确答案。
【考点延伸】此处的founded意思为“建立”，原形是found，与find(找到)的过去式和过去分词形式相同，要注意分辨。
35.【答 案】A
【题 干】从这篇文章，我们可以总结出芭蕾___________。
A.将会持续改变
B.是一门濒死的艺术
C.现在只在俄罗斯得以演出
D.经常由不受任何训练的舞者来进行表演
【解 析】推理题。根据文中最后一段可知芭蕾将随着新的人物和新的想法而改变，因此A选项是正确的，其他选项文中并没有提及。
36.【答 案】A
【题 干】美国宇航局制造火星气候人造卫星是为了获取关于___________信息。
A.火星上可能的生命形式
B.火星的体积
C.火星的形状
D.火星的大气层
【解 析】细节题。根据第一段“火星上有水吗?现在有生命吗?过去有生命吗?来自美国宇航局的科学家想知道这些答案，所以建造了环绕火星运行的卫星来获得这些信息”可知A项是正确答案。
37.【答 案】B
【题 干】人造卫星花了多长时间靠近火星?
A.一年 B.不到一年 C.大约两年半 D.三年多
【解 析】细节题。用数字回到原文定位，根据第二段第二句“The trip took nine and a half months.”可知这段旅程花了九个半月，也就是不到一年。故B是正确答案。
38.【答 案】B
【题 干】人造卫星什么时候开始出现问题?
A.刚离开地球的时候
B.靠近火星的时候
C.刚在火星上着陆的时候
D.回到地球的时候
【解 析】细节题。根据文中第二段第四句“However，when the Orbiter got near Mars，something terrible happened.”可知当探测器接近火星的时候，可怕的事情发生了。故B是正确答案。
【考点延伸】leave for的意思是“离开某地去某地”，for后面表示目的地。
39.【答 案】D
【题 干】人造卫星出现的问题是___________原因导致的。
A.科学家使用了错误的数学纲要
B.科学家使用了错误的建筑材料
C.科学家使用了错误的操作体系
D.科学家使用了不同的测量体系
【解 析】细节题。根据文中第三段最后两句话“The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The United States team used the metric system.The other team used the English system.”可知问题出现的原因可能是两组科学家用的是不同的测量体系。故D是正确答案。
40.【答 案】D
【题 干】为什么美国航天局的科学家在人造卫星前往火星之前没有发现这个问题?
A.他们不知道英式体系。
B.他们对旅行的成功信心满满。
C.他们科研经费不够。
D.他们长时间工作，很疲劳。
【解 析】细节题。根据文中第五段最后一句可知美国科学家们当时的工作量大，同时致力于两架飞行器的工作，十分劳累，所以没有发现问题。故D是正确答案。
【考点延伸】be tired of/from的意思是“疲劳，厌倦”的意思。
41.【答 案】A
【题 干】美洲鹤冬天迁移是为了___________。
A.找到温暖和食物。
B.抚养幼年的美洲鹤。
C.得到人类的帮助。
D.产卵。
【解 析】细节题。根据命题顺序和migrate回到原文定位，根据第一段第二句 “These birds areflying south to places where they can find food and warmth for me winter.”可知这些美洲鹤往南飞，在那里他们可以找到食物和温暖来过冬。故A是正确答案。
【考点延伸】migrate的近义词为move/walk/go to…。
42.【答 案】C
【题 干】美洲鹤的原产地在___________。
A.墨西哥 B.南美洲 C.北美洲 D.波斯湾
【解 析】细节题。用关键词native回到原文定位，根据第二段第一句“The whooping crane isthe largest bird that is native to North America.”可知关洲鹤是原产于北美的最大的鸟。故C是正确答案。
【考点延伸】native在不同的语境中有不同的含义，native speaker意思是“生来就说本族语的人”，native to…(当地的，原产的)，要注意分辨。
43.【答 案】B
【题 干】“迁徙行动”的目的是___________。
A.教成年鹤如何飞 B.带领小的美洲鹤首次南飞
C.在特殊的园地喂养美洲鹤 D.将鹤运送到北方
【解 析】细节题。根据第四段第二句“This group decided to use very light airplanes，instead of birds，to lead the young whoopingcranes on their first trip south.”可知这个小组决定用很轻的飞机，而不是鸟类，引导小的美洲鹤的第一次向南旅行。故B是正确答案。
44.【答 案】B
【题 干】小的美洲鹤到达南方的旅途距离是___________。
A.120英里 B.1200英里 C.1931英里D.2000英里
【解 析】细节题。用数字回到原文定位，根据第五段首句“Today，planes still lead birds acrossapproximately 1，200 miles(1，931kilometers)，from the United States-Canadian border tothe Gulf of Mexico.”可知因为这个距离是1200英里。故B是正确答案。
【考点延伸】用来定位的题干关键词包含数字、专有名词、大写字母(包括时间、地点等)、术语、限定词(定语或者状语等)、动宾结构或者名词短语。
45.【答 案】C
【题 干】如果“迁徙行动”成功，美洲鹤将___________。
A.每年跟随飞机 B.整年都住在加拿大
C.学会独立迁徙 D.不能飞回来
【解 析】细节题。本题就用条件状语从句来定位，根据第五段的第三句“If a trip is successful.the birds Can travelon their own in the future.”可知如果这个行动成功的话，这些鸟儿以后就可以自己迁徙了。故C是正确答案。
【考点延伸】On one’s own的意思是“独立、独自”。
第5部分：补全短文
46.【答 案】F
【解 析】空格前提到刷牙有益牙齿健康，但是科学研究人员希望刷牙也能使你身体的其他部位也健康。空格后提到这是一个很多小装置中的一个。所以前后具有顺承关系，空所填的应是填入一种新的牙刷，正好也符合后文“it”指代。故选择F。
47.【答 案】E
【解 析】空格前提到这些小装置要能够在人们发病之前就很容易将疾病监测出来，空格后提到这项技术从长远看能够让我们生活得更健康，从而预防疾病的发生。因此，从治病到预防的重心转移，空格处需要一个表示类似语义走向的句子。因此E选项为正确答案。
48.【答 案】C
【解 析】空格前提到了只能在绷带里面放置强大的传感器，能够识别伤口中的细菌，从而决定使用什么样的抗生素最好，所有选项中只有C选项提到 “the cut”。意为“伤口”。故C是正确答案。
49.【答 案】A
【解 析】空格前提到“melanoma monitor”(黑瘤监视器)，这是一个设备，A选项的“thedevice”正好与之吻合，而且空后提到如果发现问题，这个系统会建议你去医生那里检查，与A选项里的“compare it with previous images”也吻合，故A是正确答案。
50.【答 案】D
【解 析】空格后提到电脑能够听懂你的声音并且能够回答你生病症状的问题，其中“a standard computer”指的就是“digital doctor”，故D选项是正确答案。
第6部分：完形填空
51.【答 案】C
【题 干】许多科学家把自然灾害的发生___________全球气温上升……
A.位置 B.实践 C.谴责 D.问题
【解 析】本题考查固定搭配和上下文语义，“把……归咎于”的固定搭配为“put the blame for”，故C为正确答案。
【考点延伸】Owing to，due to，thanksto都表示“归因于”，但不表示“归咎于”。
52.【答 案】C
【题 干】许多科学家把自然灾害的发生归咎于全球气温上升……
【解 析】本题考查句意和介词。文中“the world’S temperatures”前需要补充一个介词，表达在上升(increase)是哪个方面的，根据文义，只有C选项in
是正确答案。
【考点延伸】表示哪个方面的上升或者下降，用介词in。by表示上升、下降的幅度。
53.【答 案】D
【题 干】许多科学家把自然灾害的发生归咎于全球气温上升并坚信___________。
A.当……时候 B.在……地方
c.什么D.那/代词
【解 析】本题考查宾语从句。该句convinced后面跟了一个宾语从句，而且该宾语从句不缺任何句子成分，所以that符合要求。故D是正确答案。
【考点延伸】convince常用成被动语态，或者用convince sb.of sth.。
54.【答 案】D
【题 干】……坚信地球现在比以往任何时候都更受到风、雨和太阳这些力量的___________之中。
A.威胁 B.危险 C.危害 D.风险
【解 析】本题考查固定搭配。at risk意为“濒临危险，处境危险”，是固定搭配，故D是正确答案。
55.【答 案】B
【题 干】据___________说，全球变暖制造了极端天气事件……
A.它 B.他们 C.这些 D.那些
【解 析】本题考查代词。此空要填入代词，指代前面的“many scientists”，四个选项中只有“them”可以指代人，故选B。
【考点延伸】代词指代要遵守人称和数的原则。
56.【答 案】C
【题 干】据他们说，全球变暖制造了极端天气事件，——龙卷风和干旱。
A.正是 B.甚至 C.这样 D.好
【解 析】本题考查句意和固定搭配。作者要举例子，习惯用法即为such as，因此。C为正确选项。
【考点延伸】just as“正如”，as well as“也”。
57.【答 案】C
【题 干】……造成更为——的问题，甚至是全世界范围内的海平面___________。
A.严厉的 B.稳定的 C.严重的 D.寂寞的
【解 析】本题考查句意和形容词。作者举例子是按照递进的顺序，从飓风、干旱到排在后面的是更加严重的问题。只有C选项severe符合上下文语义走向。
【考点延伸】severe=serious。
58.【答 案】D
【题 干】……导致世界各地的海平面___________ 。
A.升起 B.下降 C.抬起 D.上升
【解 析】本题考查动词和上下文语义。所有四个选项中在A和D之间选择，而raise意为“举起，抬起，唤起”，有主动意味，rise表示客观的上升。因此D为正确选项。
【考点延伸】raise为及物动词，有三个意思：抬高，举起，筹集。
59.【答 案】B
【题 干】环保组织正在向政府___________压力……
A.面临 B.放 C.保持 D.减少
【解 析】本题考查固定搭配。put pressure on是固定搭配，意为“施加压力”，故选B。
60.【答 案】B
【题 干】环保组织对政府施加压力，要求政府采取行动减少工厂和发电厂排放的二氧化碳___________。
A.处理 B.量 C.数字 D.数数
【解 析】本题考查名词。根据句意，减少二氧化碳的排放量，二氧化碳是不可数名词，因此B选项amount是正确答案。
【考点延伸】number常见的词组为a number of+可数名词的复数形式，意思是“很多”，the number of+可数名词的复数形式，意思是“……的数量”。
61.【答 案】A
【题 干】环保组织对政府施加压力，要求政府采取行动减少工厂和发电厂排放的二氧化碳量，___________ 从根源上攻击问题。
A.从而 B.还未，但是 C.但是 D.和
【解 析】本题考查上下文语义。空前是做法，空后是结果，因此选择thus。故A为正确选项。
【考点延伸】thus，therefore，consequently，so等都表示“结果是，从而”。
62.【答 案】B
【题 干】他们都___________把更多的资金用到研发太阳能、风能和波浪能装置上……
A.信任 B.支持 C.要求 D.建议
【解 析】本题考查固定搭配。in favour of表示“支持，赞成”，故B为正确选项。
63.【答 案】D
【题 干】他们都赞成把更多的资金用到研发太阳能、风能和波浪能装置上，这是可以___________先前的发电站的。
A.改变 B.建立 c.填充 D.代替
【解 析】本题考查上下文语义和动词。定语从句之前的是新能源，根据句意该句的意思的是取代现有的发电站，故D为正确选项。
64.【答 案】B
【题 干】一些科学家，___________认为即使我们停止释放二氧化碳和其他气体进入大气，我们仍然得等几百年，才能___________结果。
A.因此 B.然而 C.尽管 D.尽管
【解 析】本题考查句意。联系上下文，该段以前的内容讲到废气排放导致的危害，该句讲到即使停止排放，我们也不能有立竿见影的效果。因此最后一段与前几段的内容是转折关系。且空格在两句未完的话之间，因此惯用法选择however，故B为正确选项。
【考点延伸】despite=in spite of。
65.【答 案】B
【题 干】我们也将不得不等待几百年才能___________结果。
A.听到 B.注意到 C.猜到 D.申请，应用【解 析】本题考查句意。只有notice“注意到，留心”符合句意，其他选项明显都不符合句意。故B为正确选项。
【考点延伸】apply有两个意思：申请(for)，应用(in)。
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