2013年职称英语理工类C级真题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均由1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意思最接近的选项。

1、 I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.

A. seized B. threw C. broke D. stretched

2、 Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning.

A. border B. goal C. peak D. level

3、 It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.

A. right B. obvious C. unbelievable D. unclear

4、 I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.

A. bring B. separate C. put D. set

5、 We found shelter from the rain under the trees.

A. defense B. standing C. protection D. room

6、 This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.

A. open B. cruel C. sudden D. direct

7、 She gets aggressive when she is drunk.

A. worried B. sleepy C. offensive D. anxious

8、 We have to change the public's perception that money is everything.

A. sight B. belief C. interest D. pressure

9、 The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me.

A. real B. whole C. strange D. same

10、 He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.

A. taught B. kept C. attracted D. changed

11、 That performance was pretty impressive.

A. completely B. very C. beautifully D. equally

12、 The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.

A. bottom B. surface C. top D. structure

13、 She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.

A. passed by B. took a notice of C. woke up D. found by chance

14、 "There is no other choice," she said in a harsh voice.

A. firm B. soft C. deep D. unkind

15、 I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.

A. about B. at C. with D. from

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Wide World of Robots

Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补) with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. "They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist, a person who designs, builds or programs robots.

When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved - cars, trains, animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars.

Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist (扭曲) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain (地形). "Snakes are far more interesting than the cars," Choset concluded.

After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl (爬行) through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.

But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient's chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the oparation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?

Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.

A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.

Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations, "I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots," Choset says.

16、 Choset began to build robots in high school.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

17、 Snake robots could move in only four directions.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

18、 Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

19、 Choset's snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

20、 The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

21、 Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

22、 The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit to Medrobotics.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

Ecosystem

1. The word "ecosystem" is short for ecological (生态的) system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms (生物) such as plants, animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes, we are all members of an ecosystem!

2. There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest. Some are man-made or artificial to encourage cohabitation (兴居) between living and non-living things in a monitored environment, such as a zoo or garden.

3. Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem, and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow, the plants and their fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals, microorganisms (微生物) and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function, and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.

4. Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things. We depend on plants and animals for food. In order for us to exist, we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants, animals and humans are all of various species (物种), we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.

5. To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy, which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat (栖息地) of plants and animals, and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement (搬迁): imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse, overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.

23、A. What can we do to help protect ecosystems? B. What are different types of ecosystems?

C. What is an ecosystem? D. What destroys ecosystems?

E. How does an ecosystem work? F. Why are ecosystems important?

23. Paragraph 2______.

24、 Paragraph 3______.

25、 Paragraph 4______.

26、 Paragraph 5______.

27、A. our share of resources B. a biological creature

C. a given area D. the maintenance of the ecosystem

E. the source of food F. various species

27. In an ecosystem, plants, animals and humans live together in______.

28、 Plants are essential in an ecosystem because to other living creatures they are______.

29、 Plants, animals and humans are all effective in______.

30、 To protect our ecosystems we should not use more than______.

第4部分：阅读理解

第一篇

Energy and Public Lands

The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production; the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing (租赁), both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.

In 2000, 32 percent of US oil, 35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands, representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.

Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State governments. In 1999, for example, $553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury, and non- Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year, federal land managers authorize (许可) rights of way for transmission lines, rail systems, pipelines, and other facilities related to energy production and use.

Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production, though the amount is still significant. For example, federal geothermal (地毯) resources produce about 7.5 billion kilowatt-hours (千瓦时) of electricity per year, 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone, producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower (水电) facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.

Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources, pressure on public lands to meet US energy demands is becoming more intense. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources, development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced, or mineral production may be banned altogether.

31、 What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.

B. Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.

C. Public lands play an important role in energy production.

D. Public lands store huge energy resources for further development.

32、 Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U.S.?

A. Half of US energy is produced there.

B. Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.

C. Most energy resources are reserved there.

D. The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.

33、 Geothermal resources, wind turbines, and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 are cited as examples to illustrate that

A. alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production.

B. they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands.

C. geothermal resources are more important than the other two.

D. the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge.

34、 There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands because

A. many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries.

B. the U.S. is demanding more and more energy.

C. quite a few public lands are banned for energy development.

D. many Americans think public lands are being abused.

35、 Public lands can be used for energy development when

A. they go through the land use planning process.

B. energy development restrictions are effective.

C. federal land managers grant permissions.

D. there is enough federal budget.

第二篇

When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach

Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what's going on in the world; they're affected by what's going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who've just eaten.

Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Rémi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this happens.

Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain's high-level thinking processes get involved. Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.

For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen-a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.

Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception, not in thinking processes, Radel says. "This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs." Radel says.

36、 "Poorer children" and "hungry people" are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show

A. humans' senses are influenced by what's going on in their heads.

B. they have sharper senses than others.

C. they lose their senses because of poverty and hunger.

D. humans' senses are affected by what they see with their eyes.

37、 There was a delay in Radel's experiment because

A. he needed more students to join.

B. he didn't prepare enough food for the 42 students.

C. he wanted two groups of participants, hungry and non-hungry.

D. he didn't want to have the experiment at noon.

38、 Why did the 80 words flash so fast and at so small a size on the screen?

A. To ensure the participant was unable to perceive anything.

B. To guarantee each word came out at the same speed and size.

C. To shorten the time of the experiment.

D. To make sure the participant had no time to think consciously.

39、 Radel's experiment discovered that hungry people

A. were more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.

B. were better at identifying neutral words.

C. were always thinking of food-related words.

D. saw every word more clearly than stomach-lull people.

40、 It can be learnt from what Radel says that

A. humans' thinking processes are independent of their senses.

B. an experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable.

C. humans can perceive what they need without deep thinking processes.

D. 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation.

第三篇

The Development of Ballet

Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.

Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.

It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.

Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-IS00s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.

41、 This passage deals mainly with

A. famous names in ballet. B. how ballet has developed.

C. Russian ballet. D. why ballet is no longer popular.

42、 The word "pageants" in Paragraph 2 means

A. big shows. B. dances. C. instructions. D. royal courts.

43、 Professional ballet was first performed in

A. France. B. Italy. C. Russia. D. America.

44、 Who had an important influence on early ballet?

A. Balanchine. B. Antoinette. C. Diaghilev. D. Louis XIV.

45、 We can conclude from this passage that ballet

A. is a dying art. B. will continue to change.

C. is currently performed only in Russia. D. is often performed by dancers with little training

第5部分：补全短文

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后面有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

A Doctor in the House

Brushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away. But if a group of scientific researchers have their wish, it will make the rest of your body healthy too. (46) It is one of many gadgets (小装置) proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York -others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory, and a home camera designed to check for cancer.

The devices seem fanciful, but the basic principles are simple. The gadgets should make it easy for people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal. (47) In the long run, the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.

Intelligent bandages (绷带) are a good example. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics (抗生素) would work best. (48)

Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer (溃疡) is coming up.

All the projects should have far-reaching implications, but the biggest single development is a melanoma (黑瘤) monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer. (49) If a problem is found, the system would advise you to get a check-up at your doctor's surgery.

If all this sounds troublesome, then help is at hand. (50) A standard computer would be able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which would calm your nerves.

A. Experts are also working on a "digital doctor", complete with a comforting bedside manner.

B. Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals, the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.

C. The cut could then be treated instantly, so avoiding possible complications.

D. That is going to be the difficult part.

E. The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare it with previous images.

F. A toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in USA.

第6部分：完形填空

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Giant Structures

It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more (51) constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our (52) although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.

The Petronas Twin Towers

The Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999. With a (53) of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur. At the 41st floor, the towers are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city. The American (54) Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.

Constructed of high-strength concrete, the building provides around 1,800 square metres of office space (55) every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base. Other (56) of this impressive building include double-decker lifts, and glass and steel sunshades.

The Millau Bridge

The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tam Valley, in southern France. (57) the time it was built, it was the world's highest bridge, (58) over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. It was built to (59) Millau's congestion problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain. The bridge was built to withstand the (60) extreme seismic and climatic conditions. Besides, it is guaranteed for I20 years!

The Itaipu Dam

The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. It consists of a series of dams across the River Parana, (61) forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two (62) . The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay's and 25% of Brazil's (63) needs. In its construction, the (64) of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers. It is a (65) amazing wonder of engineering.

51、 A. delightful B. useful C. wonderful D. careful

52、 A. admiration B. passion C. expression D. detection

53、 A. length B. width C. height D. volume

54、 A. inventor B. architect C. scientist D. merchant

55、 A. below B. in C. above D. on

56、 A. types B. parts C. roles D. features

57、 A. At B. within C. from D. upon

58、 A. developing B. expanding C. stretching D. reaching

59、 A. restrict B. reserve C. relieve D. relax

60、 A. most B. much C. more D. less

61、 A. what B. which C. who D. that

62、 A. countries B. provinces C. areas D. regions

63、 A. water B. oil C. energy D. food

64、 A. amount B. number C. quality D. ratio

65、 A. mainly B. hardly C. rarely D. truly

答案:

第1部分：词汇选项

1、A

[解析] 句意为：我抓着他的胳膊，迫使他转过来看着我。grab“抓住”，四个选项：seize“抓住”：throw“扔，掷”;break“打破”;stretch“伸直，延展”。

2、C

[解析] 句意为：交通在早上8点到9点期间达到高峰期。rush hour“高峰时段”，四个选项：border“边缘，国界”;goal“目标”;peak“高峰，最高点”;level“水平，标准”。

3、C

[解析] 句意为：他去那儿已经一个礼拜了，这似乎太难以置信了。incredible“难以置信”，四个选项：right“正确的”;obvious“明显的，明白的”;unbelievable“难以置信的”;unclear“不清楚的，含混的”。

4、B

[解析] 句意为：我努力使自己脱离这些可怕事件的现实。detach“分开，分离”，四个选项：bring“带来”;separate“分开，分离”;put“放，安置”;set“放，使接触”。

5、C

[解析] 句意为：我们躲在树下避雨。shelter“遮盖物”，四个选项：defense“防御”;standing“站立，地位”;protection“保护”;room“房间”。

6、B

[解析] 句意为：这是一次无一例外的残忍攻击。brutal“残忍的，野蛮的”，四个选项：open“放开的，公开的”;cruel“残忍的，残酷的”;sudden“突然的”;direct“直接的”。

7、C

[解析] 句意为：当她喝醉之后，就变得具有攻击性。aggressive“侵略的，好斗的”，四个选项：worried“担心的，闷闷不乐的”;sleepy“昏昏欲睡的”;offensive“攻击性的”;anxious“忧虑的，渴望的”。

8、B

[解析] 句意为：我们不得不改变大众认为金钱就是一切的观点。perception“认识，感觉”，四个选项：sight“眼界，视力”;belief“信仰，看法”;interest“兴趣，利益”;pressure“压力”。

9、C

[解析] 句意为：奇怪的是他不认得我。odd“奇怪的，古怪的”，四个选项：real“真的”;whole“所有的，完全的”;strange“奇怪的”;same“同样的”。

10、C

[解析] 句意为：他对公司给出的高薪心动了。tempt“吸引，使…心动”，四个选项：teach“教授”;keep“保持，遵守”;attract“吸引”;change“改变”。

11、B

[解析] 句意为：那种性能令人印象非常深刻。pretty“十分，非常”，四个选项：completely“完全地”;very“非常”;beautifully“美丽地”;equally“平等地”。

12、D

[解析] 句意为：构造需要足够强大到支持引擎。frame“结构，构造”，四个选项：bottom“底部”;surface“表面”;top“顶端”;structure“结构”。

13、D

[解析] 句意为：她偶然发现三个孩子睡在桥下。come across“偶然发现，偶然碰到”，四个选项：pass by“经过，走过”;take a notice of“注意到”;wake up“醒来”;find by chance“偶然发现”。

14、D

[解析] 句意为：“没有其他选择。”她厉声说道。harsh“严厉的”，四个选项：firm“坚定的”;soft“轻柔的”;deep“深的”;unkind“无情的，不亲切的”。

15、A

[解析] 句意为：关于她是否适合这个职位，我所知不多。as regards“关于，至于”，四个选项：about“关于，对于”;at“在……，于……”;with“与……一起”;from“由……，从……”。

第2部分：阅读判断

16、A

[解析] 根据文章第二段最后一句话可知，Choset在高中建造了一个类似小汽车的移动机器人。

17、B

[解析] 根据文章第三段倒数第二句话可知，蛇形机器人可以扭曲，朝着多个方向移动，可以在多种不同的地形上移动，题目说蛇形机器人只能朝着四个方向移动。

18、A

[解析] 根据文章第四段第一句话可知，在他在Carnegie Mellon工作之后，他和同事开始开发蛇形机器人。

19、C

[解析] 根据文章第四段最后两句可知，机器人可以以其它方式移动，而蛇一般不会这样移动，例如滚动。Choset的蛇形机器人能在草地上爬行，游泳和爬旗杆。但文章并没有将Choset的机器人与其他人的蛇形机器人比较。

20、C

[解析] 根据文章第五段可知，使用机器人做心脏手术，就不需要给病人开刀，可以免除病人的痛苦。题目说在心脏外科手术中使用细的机器人会减少花费的时间。

21、C

[解析] 根据文章第六段可知，Zenati他们在猪身上实验，但文中并未提到在该技术在进行临床测试，题目说Zenati在猪身上使用该机器人后，开始在人身上测试。

22、C

[解析] 根据文章第七段可知，在波士顿的一家名为Medrobotics的公司正在在病人身上使用这项技术。题目说机器人技术应用于病人外科手术，为Medrototics带来了丰厚的利润。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

23、

[解析] 第二段讲到不同的生态系统取决于地表或环境的种类。大多数生态系统为自然形成的海洋湖泊，沙漠或热带雨林。还有动物园或花园等人造兴居地。所以第一段主要讲了生态系统有哪些不同的类型。

24、

[解析] 第三段讲到植物是生态系统中最大的生物群，它们为动物、微生物和人类提供食物。当动物等死后，分解回归土地，形成一个生生不息的循环系统。因此，E选项“生态系统如何运作”符合文意。

25、

[解析] 第四段讲到生态系统是所有生物生存的基础。植物和动物为人类提供食物，因此，人类需要关怀其他物种，以及空气水等非生物物体。人类和其它生物一起在维持生态系统中发挥着重要作用。所以第四段主要讲生态系统为何如此重要。

26、

[解析] 第五段讲到为了保护生态系统人类应该减少能源消耗，不应打扰植物和动物的自然栖息地。此外人口过多也会破坏环境。所以第四段主要讲人类应该如何帮助保护生态系统。

27、

[解析] 根据第一段第一句话“An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. ”可知，生态系统就是所有生物在一个给定区域共存，所以本题选C。

28、

[解析] 根据第三段第一句话“Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem, and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. ”可知，植物是有生命的生物的食物来源，所有它们对生态系统很重要，所以本题选E。

29、

[解析] 根据第四段最后一句话“Since plants, animals and humans are all of various species(物种), we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem. ”可知，植物、动物和人类在维持生态系统中发挥着重要作用，所以本题选D。

30、

[解析] 根据第五段第一句话“To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy, which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. ”可知，为了保护生态系统，我们应该停止使用过多能源。当我们消耗比所拥有资源份额更多的量时，就使用了过多能源。A选项说“我们所拥有的资源份额”符合文意，所以本题选A。

第4部分：阅读理解

第一篇

31、C

[解析] 纵观全文可知，美国对公共地区的能源需求越来越大，而且这些能源给美国带来大量利润。而且公共地区的替代资源的使用量也很巨大。C选项说“公共地区在能源生产方面发挥着重要作用”符合原文的中心思想。

32、D

[解析] 根据第二段最后一句“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas. ”可知，美国还有74%的天然气未被发现。因此，D选项说“大部分天然气都还贮藏着”为正确选项。

33、D

[解析] 根据文章第四段可知，作者通过地热资源、风力涡轮发电机和水力发电举例说明这段话的主题，即第一句话“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production, though the amount is still significant. ”。D选项说“在公共地区生产的替代能源的总量仍然很巨大”。

34、B

[解析] 根据最后一段第一句话“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources, pressure on public lands to meet US energy demands is becoming more intense. ”可知，由于美国越来越渴望能源，而公众对外国资源越来越依赖觉得不舒服，因此，满足美国能源需求的压力越来越大。

35、A

[解析] 根据文章最后一段第二句话“Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. ”可知，只有通过地区使用规划过程进行评估，公共地区才能进行能源开发。

第二篇

36、A

[解析] 根据第二段可知，作者以贫穷的小孩和饥饿的人为例说明了第一句话“Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on inside our head affects our senses. ”即，心理学家发现我们大脑的活动影响着我们的感觉。选项A说“人类的感觉受他们大脑中活动的影响”符合原文意思，所以本题选A。

37、C

[解析] 根据第三段可知，一半的参与人员被告之实验推迟10分钟，另一半的人则有一个小时去吃午餐。这样，实验时有一半的人饿着肚子，另一半的人刚吃完午饭。因此，C选项“他想要两组参与者，一组饿着肚子的人，一组刚吃饱的人”符合文意。

38、D

[解析] 根据文章第四段第三句话“They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. ”可知，这样快速闪过的原因，是为了让参与者只能有意识地观察，而没有时间去想。D选项说“确保参与者没有时间思考”符合文意。

39、A

[解析] 根据最后一段第一句话“Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food—related words. ”可知，饿着肚子的人觉得食物相关的单词看起来更明亮，也更能准确辨认食物相关的单词。

40、C

[解析] 根据文章最后一段倒数两句话“Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. ”可知，人类能够感知他们所需要或努力想得到的东西，而我们的大脑能够被我们的动机和需求所支配。D选项“人类不需要深入思考就能感知自己的需求”符合文意。

第三篇

41、B

[解析] 纵观全文可知，文章讲述了芭蕾舞的起源，正式成立以及在近代的发展。由此可知，这是在讲芭蕾舞的发展史。因此，B选项“芭蕾舞是如何发展的”符合这一中心思想。

42、A

[解析] 根据第二段第二句话“At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. ”可知，pageant是一种娱乐活动，包括音乐、诗歌和跳舞。四个选项：big shows“大型宴会”;dance“跳舞”;instruction“指示”;royal court“宫廷”。B只是一部分，C与娱乐活动不符，D表示地点，只有A选项符合原文意思。

43、A

[解析] 根据第三段第一和第二句话“It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. ”可知，专业芭蕾舞于17世纪在法国出现。

44、D

[解析] 根据第三段第二和第三句话“King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. ”可知，路易十四是一个芭蕾舞者，他最终确立了脚的5种基本位置。

45、B

[解析] 从最后两段可知，路易十四确立了脚的5种基本位置，然后18世纪末，芭蕾舞开始讲故事，然后19世纪初，芭蕾舞演员开始立起脚趾头。最后一段说到俄国对芭蕾舞的影响，后来建立纽约城市芭蕾舞团对新一代芭蕾舞演员产生重大影响。由此可以推出，芭蕾舞在不断变化中，而且还将继续发展。因此，B选项“将继续变化”符合题意。

第5部分：补全短文

46、

[解析] 空格前讲到如果科学研究人员愿意，也可以让你身体其他部位也很健康，空格后讲这是纽约未来健康中心的工程师和医生建议的众多小装置中的一个，由此可知，空白处应是跟牙齿相关的一种小装置，只有F项“美国目前正在开发一种能够测量血糖和细菌的牙刷”符合上下文意。

47、

[解析] 空格前讲到这些装置应能让人们及早检测出疾病，从而更早地寻求治疗，空格后讲从长远来看，技术能防御疾病，让我们变得更加健康，由此可知，空白处应是接着前面讲这些装置，只有B项“人们不再依赖高科技医院，取而代之的则是这些使用非常方便的家用装置”符合文意。

48、

[解析] 空格前讲绷带里面的感应器能够快速鉴定伤口的细菌数量，决定哪种抗生素最有效。因此，空白处应是使用这种绑带对伤口愈合的作用。在给出的选项中，只有C项“伤口能立即愈合，避免可能发生的并发症”符合文意。

49、

[解析] 空格前讲到最大的发现是黑瘤检测器，提前预警癌症的发生。空格后面讲到一旦发现这一问题，系统会建议你去进行检查。因此，空白处应是继续讲黑瘤检测器的作用或使用。只有E项“可用这一装置每周给你身体拍一张照片，然后与前面的照片进行对比”符合文意。

50、

[解析] 空格前讲到如果这些听起来很麻烦，可用的帮助就近在眼前了，因此，空白处应是讲正在研发的新装置，在剩下的选项中，只有A项“专家正在研发一种“数字医生”，带有一种令人欣慰的临床态度”符合文意。

第6部分：完形填空

51、C

[解析] 句意为：不可能选择当今世上最令人惊叹的奇迹，因为每年更多______建筑出现。四个选项：wonderful“令人惊奇的，极好的”;delightful“令人愉快的，可喜的”;helpful“有帮助的”;careful“小心的，谨慎的”。

52、A

[解析] 句意为：有三大建筑值得我们______尽管它们可能被最近更多奇迹所超越。四个选项：admiration“赞美，钦佩”;passion“热情”;expression“表明”;detection“侦查，发现”。

53、C

[解析] 句意为______452米，高高的双塔就像两支细铅笔。四个选项：length“长”;width“宽”;height“高”;uolume“容量，体积”。

54、B

[解析] 句意为：美国的______Cesar Pelli设计这个摩天大楼。四个选项：inventor“发明家”;architect“建筑师”;scientist“科学家”;merchant“商人”。

55、D

[解析] 句意为：这栋楼提供了大约1800平方米办公面积______每层。on the floor为固定搭配。四个选项：below“在…下面”;in“在……里面”;above“在……上面”;on“在……上面”。

56、D

[解析] 句意为：该建筑的其他______是双层电梯以及由玻璃和钢建造的遮阻阳篷。四个选项：type“类型”;part“部分”;role“角色，作用”;feature“特征”。

57、A

[解析] 句意为：______建成时，它是世上最高的桥。at the time表示“在那时，那时候”，为固定搭配。四个选项：at“在……时刻”;within“在……之内”;from“从……”;upon“在……之上”。

58、D

[解析] 句意为：最高点______超过340米。四个选项：develop“开发，发展”;expand“扩张”;stretch“伸展”;reach“高达”。

59、C

[解析] 句意为：修建它是为了______米约的交通拥挤。四个选项：restrict“限制，约束”;reserve“保存”;relieve“缓解”;relax“放松”。

60、A

[解析] 句意为：该桥修建后能够承受______地震和气候。四个选项：most“最强的”;much“大量”;more“更多”;less“更少”。

61、B

[解析] 句意为：它由横跨巴拉那河的一组大坝组成，______形成巴西和巴拉圭的自然边境。四个选项：what引导名词性从句;which引导非限制性定语从句;who引导以人为先行词的定语从句;that引导宾语从句和限制性定语从句。

62、A

[解析] 句意为：这个项目的建设作为两个______的一个共同项目。四个选项：country“国家”;province“省”;area“区域”;region“地区”。

63、C

[解析] 句意为：1995年，它为巴拉圭和巴西分别提供了78%和25%的______需求。四个选项：water“水”;oil“石油”;energy“能源”;food“食物”。

64、A

[解析] 句意为：该建筑使用的钢和铁______比埃菲尔铁塔的300倍还多。四个选项：amount“数量”用于不可数名词的数量;number“数量”用于可数名词的数量;quality“质量”;ratio“比率”。

65、D

[解析] 句意为：它是一个______神奇的水利工程奇迹。四个选项：mainly“主要的”;hardly“几乎不”;rarely“很少，难得”;truly“真正地”。