2015年职称英语考试基础词汇重点解析：连词，代词及冠词

　　职称英语考试基础词汇重点解析五

　　连词，代词及冠词的语法功能及复习要点

　　相关背景知识介绍：

　　e.g. Where (…的地方)there’s a will(意志)there’s a way(道路). /有志者事竟成。(there be/存在句型)

　　(2004年综合阅读判断试题)

　　(from Riches and R omance from France’s Wine Harvest)

　　(Riches (rich + es) 财富，财宝; e.g. the riches of knowledge 知识的宝库。)

　　Traditionally, people used to take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice. Nowadays, this practice is usually carried out by machines.

　　used to: 过去常常…;

　　take off：脱掉，起飞;

　　bare：裸的，裸体的;无遮蔽的;

　　carry out:开展;贯彻，实行，执行

　　their –people;

　　this (practice) -- take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice

　　小结：

　　1. 代词通常前指，指代前文中出现的内容。

　　2. 在确认代词的指代对象时，要注意该代词所在的结构在其所在句子中具有的含义。e.g. their (shoes) – people; their (feet) – people; this (practice) -- take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice

　　3. 同一句中， 相邻句中同一代词的指代内容一致;e.g. people used to take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out

　　在2003年综合类C级别的阅读理解文章中，在2003年理工类C级阅读理解的文章中都“不约而同”地在阅读文章中对代词的指代内容和冠词的指代内容进行“直接”的考察，现在职称英语考试已经基本上不对不定冠词进行考察了，对于不定冠词a/an，只需要有这样的认识：它们与可数名词连用，表示种类或者数量上的单数。如：

　　e.g. I am a student. 我是学生。(a student表示“类别”)

　　e.g. A man left a message to you. (a man(一个人)和a message(一条信息)都是表示单数的概念。)

　　(from New Foods and the New world) 综合类C

　　New foods: foods 是物质名词， 物质名词的前面不出现冠词;

　　the New world 是由普通名词构成的专有名词， 特指美国的北部，中部和南部地区。

　　32. “Some” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to

　　A. some cocoa trees

　　B. some chocolate drinks

　　C. some shops

　　D. some South American Indians

　　问题问及代词some在句中的指代内容。 首先找到这个词所在的句子：相关语句：In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.

　　C. 解题线索：搭配结构：exist可以与前三个选项形成“通顺”的搭配结构，前句中可能与some形成呼应的复数名词有： shops, chocolate drinks, meeting places。 接下来有两个确认答案的方法：1。借助句意;2。借助前后句之间在时态上的特点： 从时态上看：过去时态和现在时态的对比正好说明了“shops”过去和现在的不同)。借助这两个方法都可以确认C(一些商店)是答案。

　　2003年理工C阅读理解的一道考题：

　　(London’s First Light Rail System)

　　43. “This line ” in paragraph 3 refers to

　　A. the line from the Tower Gateway Station to Poplar

　　B. the line from Poplar to Island Gardens

　　C. the Millwall Extension Railway

　　D. the line from Poplar to Stratford

　　相关语句：From Poplar to Island Gardens, a new line crosses high above the dock waters, and then joins the old track of the Millwall Extension Railway, built to service the Millwall Docks (1868) and to provide transport for workers in the local factories. This line was horse-drawn for part of its route, until the 1880s.

　　C. 首先找到“This line ”所在的句子，根据代词前指的特点，判断只有B和C可能成为答案(前文中只出现了与B和C呼应的内容)。 the line所在的句子在内容上是在描述“在1880s以前the line(那条铁路)的情况”， 所以我们要选择的答案应该是一条早已经存在了的铁路，因此判断答案是C(原文内容表明the line from Poplar to Island Gardens是一条新铁路， 所以不是答案)

　　线索：时态。

　　在职称英语中对连词和代词的考察主要出现在文章阅读中，就题型而言主要在完型填空，补全短文，阅读理解这样的题型中涉及到。而对冠词的考察主要是在补全短文和阅读理解这样的题型中出现。而实际上考题中大都是间接或直接地在对这几种词类进行考察。连词的考察一般直接出现在完型填空题和对文章句意的理解上;代词的出现表明该词与其所在句子的前句或后句之间指代关系，在代词的学习中一定要形成代词大都是前指的概念。如：看见that就应该知道该词是前指 --指代前文/刚才提到的内容，如：That is what he told me./那就是他所告诉我的话; After that he left./随后他就离开了。而 this可能是后指也可能是前指(绝大多数情况下是前指)。其作后指用是是指代下文或即将谈到的内容，如： Don't laugh when you hear this./听了这个你不要笑。

　　生活英语常用句：

　　初次见面：(在彼此获知对方的名字之后，就可以接着说：)

　　1)--- Hello, nice/pleased to meet you. /--- Nice/pleased to meet you, too.

　　2)---How are you? /---Fine, thanks. And you?

　　3)---How do you do?/---How do you do?

　　连词(conj.)

　　连词主要在分句之间起逻辑连接作用。该词类的考察可能会出现在文章阅读中(间接考察)和完型填空题(直接考察)中。在完型填空题中有时会有1-3个题涉及到连词的选择。在复习中可以主要注意这几个常用的连词：and, but, while, when, because, though, although, if, as, as if, as though, as long as, as soon as, since(可以引导时间状语从句，表示“自从”，引导原因状语从句，翻译成“因为”) 。

　　and“(表示并列或对称关系〕及，和，与，同;又，兼” e.g. a man and a woman;

　　比较：e.g. a statesman and writer 政治家兼作家 (一般性了解)

　　比较: e.g. my mother and I 我和我的母亲

　　“〔表示结果〕然后”e.g. The sun came out and the grasses dried. 日出草干 (考点)

　　“(用于连接行为动词，表示动作之间的先后顺序〕” e.g. Try and (= try to) do 试着做一做 / e.g. Go and(= go to) see 去看看吧 (考点)

　　but“但是，可是，然而”e.g. He is rich, but (he is) not happy. 他有钱但是不幸福。not…but…(不是…而是…)(考点) e.g. He is not a soldier but a sailor. /他不是陆军而是海军)

　　“只能，不得不” (考点)e.g. They had no other choice but [to] surrender. 他们别无选择，只能投降。e.g. I can not but admire his courage. 我不得不佩服他的勇敢

　　e.g. This letter is nothing but an insult. 这封信完全是一种侮辱。 (〔加强语气〕简直，的确) (考点)

　　“除(某人)以外，除了(某人)”e.g. No one replied but me. 除了我，没有别人回答。(考点)

　　1. ___ he saw both surprised and frighten him.

　　A. When B. That C. What D. whom

　　主语从句。答案为C。空格所在的结构是主语从句，及物动词saw需要宾语。

　　提示：that在名词性的从句中只具有语法功能， 不能在从句中充当任何成分。

　　2. Tell me ___ you admired most?

　　A. when B. why C. whom D. that

　　宾语从句。答案为C。空格所在的结构在句子中作动词Tell的宾语，空格所在成分在句子中也充当宾语(admire的宾语)。

　　(A Pay Rise or Not?)综合类B/C级阅读判断文章

　　"Unless I get a rise(条件状语从句), I'll have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley," George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in, but (并列分句)his wife kept telling him that (宾语从句)his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why (表语从句)he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham, a nearby city about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there, and the pay was far better.

　　代词(pron.)

　　代词指it, he, their, theirs之类的词，用来代替意思更确切的名词或名词短语，如：

　　it 指代：e.g. weather, time, a pen, a baby

　　he 指代：e.g. Tom

　　their指代：e.g. Tom and Mary’s

　　theirs指代：e.g. Tom and Mary’s car

　　代词中包括限定词需要掌握的有：both, all, either，neither ，这些限定指代范围的词在词义上包含了后面省去了的名词的含义。

　　both:“两者，二者，双方”

　　e.g. Which bottle would you like? --- I’ll take both.(both指的是both bottles, 在这里用作代词。)。

　　e.g. I don't know both(e.g. people). 我不是两个人都认识〔只认识其中之一〕。(考点： 部分否定结构)

　　either:“两者中的任何一个”

　　e.g. Either will do. (他们)随便哪个都行.

　　all:“全部，全体，一切”

　　e.g. All (e.g. people)are agreed. 全体赞成。

　　e.g. Not all lawyers have large incomes.不是所有的律师都收入高。(考点： 部分否定结构)

　　补充：

　　large: (体积，空间，数量，规模等)大的，巨大的

　　a large family 多子女的家庭;/ a large population 人口众多。/ a large merchant 巨商。

　　neither: “两者中无…,两者都不…”

　　e.g. I like neither. 我两个都不喜欢。

　　人称代词在句中可充当主语和宾语。作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格

　　e.g.She doesn’t believe us.

　　e.g.They are always making jokes about me.

　　物主代词分为名词性的物主代词和形容词性的物主代词。名词性的物主代词指的是名词性属格代词，如：mine, yours等。名词性的物主代词在句中起名词词组的作用，可作主语，主语补语，宾语，同位语等，如：

　　e.g.Theirs is the only house here that is being painted.

　　e.g.I’ll do my work and you do yours.

　　形容词性的物主代词在句子中充当形容词的语法功能， 对其后面的名词进行所属范围的限定，如：

　　e.g. Well, that isn't our business. 可是，那事跟我们不相干。

　　business: 事务，业务;事

　　e.g. What line of business are you in? 你是干什么的?My business is.../我从事...; It is none of your business. 不关你事，别管闲事; Business before pleasure. 正事要紧 )

　　反身代词即人称代词的反身形式。如myself, yourself等。反身代词可在句中作同位语(强调)，宾语，主语补语等。以myself为例：

　　宾语：I bought myself a new car./我为自己买了一辆新车

　　用于强调：I myself was certain of the facts./我自己对事实确信无疑

　　主语补语：I'm feeling myself again./我又恢复了健康

　　英语人称代词一览表：

　　代词的考察在职称英语中主要是 “在阅读题中要求考生判断文章中代词所指代的内容”和“完型填空题中要求考生借助上下文判断空格处应该出现什么代词”这两种形式。

　　而对指示代词this, that, these, those的考察也在阅读中时有出现，如：综合类阅读理解练习题“The Gene Industry”一文中第4道“西特勒试图作什么”的答案需要借助原文：“Should we attempt to eliminate "inferior" people and breed a "super-race"? (Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories.)”。 “this”指代特性是正确解答该题的关键——this作代词时往往指代前一句中的整句内容(we attempt to eliminate "inferior" people and breed a "super-race)。

　　eliminate 除去，消灭

　　inferior (质量等)低劣的，次的(e.g. Woman is inferior to man in running. 妇女跑不过男子;e.g. inferior goods 低档货)

　　其他必须掌握的代词：

　　Other： “另外一个;〔pl.〕别的东西，别的人”

　　e.g. Do good to others. 对他人做好事。

　　e.g. each other 互相 (考点)

　　e.g. know/tell one from the other 把二者分别清楚 (考点)

　　e.g. one after the other 一个接一个地(考点)

　　e.g. one ... the other 一方面是…，另一方面是…(考点)

　　same: “同一事[物];〔古语〕同一人〔常可不用 the〕”

　　e.g. We like the same(book)./我们喜欢同样的东西。

　　So: “这样”〔用作 say, call, speak, tell, think, hope, expect, suppose, imagine, fear, hear, do 等动词的宾词〕。 (考点)

　　e.g. I think so. 我想是这样。 e.g. I suppose so.=So I suppose. 我想大概是那样。

　　Such: “这样的人[物]〔通常指复数〕”

　　e.g. I dislike such. 我不欢喜那种东西。

　　英语小知识：怎样开始谈话?

　　在跟外国人见面的时候首先和他们谈论天气，比如， 北京最近天气十分寒冷， 所以在见面的时候可以说：

　　It is very cold, isn’t it?

　　Terrible weather, isn’t it?

　　而对方的回答通常是表示赞同， 如：可以简单的说：

　　Yes, it is.

　　或者：Yes, I feel freezing cold.

　　或者：Yes, I wish such weather would be over soon.

　　冠词(定冠词，不定冠词)(art.)

　　冠词任何用于引导名词并说明其用法的词。英语中，不定冠词是 a和 an，定冠词是 the。冠词也是语法功能词，不能在句子中独立使用。

　　在复习中对冠词主要要形成这样的概念：定冠词是表示“特指”，通常我们把该词翻译成“那个”-- 指代前文出现过的或谈话双方都知道的某个特定的人/物，如：the girl in the blue dress/那个穿着蓝衣服的女孩。冠词的考察在完型填空题中几乎了，但我们在英语学习中还是应该对冠词有所了解，知道定冠词的指代内容，了解定冠词和不定冠词的搭配使用特点。如：by air/by sea/by bus/ by train/by bike, at school/ at college/ at home/ at work, in bed, on TV (对比：on the radio), from morning till night, etc。

　　另外，我们需要了解的是虽然人名，地名等专有名词前一般不用冠词，但在海洋，河流，山脉，群岛以及含有普通名词的专有名词前一般加定冠词，如：the pacific, the People's Republic of China, the World Trade Organization。 抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时，前面通常不用冠词，但特指时，则一般要加冠词。比较：Scientific research requires patience(指“耐心”这个概念); I admire the patience of research workers.(特指“科学工作者的耐心”)

　　对于定冠词的考点就是考察带定冠词的词语在文章中指代哪个具体的人或物。比如，在2002年综合类C级的阅读理解题(第3篇阅读文章)中就出现了问“the world”指代哪个代词。遇到这样的考题首先我们要大体弄懂定冠词限定的词语所在句子的句意，并借助句意和其搭配结构判断定冠词所限定的词语的具体含义，有时我们还得借助上下文的句意才能做出词义的确认。我们还是来看看该题是如何解答的：

　　The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seems strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salt water, man can only drink and use the other 3% - the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of iceberg..

　　Question:

　　The phrase "the world "in the first line of the passage refers to___?

　　A. you B. man C. woman D. they

　　答案B。首先考虑"the world "所在句子的句意 -- “世界”不仅饥饿，而且渴望水。依据该句意，对比被选项，首先排除A(你/你们)和D(他们)， 因此从我们的语言表达习惯上来说， 我们不把“你/你们”和“他们”称为世界，所以初步判定答案来自B或C。借助上下文： 文章接着说“这 (“世界”不仅饥饿，而且渴望水)可能对你看起来有些奇怪，因为75%左右的地球表面被水覆盖着。”,接着“man(人类)”一词就出现了，该句说“人类只能饮用和使用其余的3%。。”，根据该句句意在结合"the world "所在句子的句意综合判断"the world "应该指代人类。

　　考点：定冠词结构的指代内容，man还有“人类”的含义。

　　对于不定惯词我们需要了解的是a(an)一般用于可数名词之前(a 用在第一个字母发音为辅音的单数可数名词前;而 an则用在第一个字母发音为元音的单数可数名词前。)，它们泛指“一(个)”，或加在可数名词前表示一类人或事物。在复习值得我们注意的涉及到不定冠词的固定词组有：on a basis of /以。。为基础, have a headache/头疼, get a cold/感冒, be a pity/遗憾, make a living/谋生, on an average/平均, with a view of/ 以。。为目的，go for a walk/ take a walk/散步， make an investment in 投资， have [take] a (good) look at (仔细)看一看

　　l 职称英语核心词汇推荐：

　　apparent adj. 明显的,外表的, 表面上的;

　　appear v. 出现, 看起来，发表(appear in court/出庭; lt appears that.../看来)

　　appearance n. 出现, 外观[表], 面子

　　(B) appetite n. . (特指)胃口，食欲, 嗜好，爱好(have a good [poor] appetite 食欲旺盛[不振]; have an appetite for (music) 爱好(音乐))

　　apple n. 苹果

　　(A) Appliance n. 设备, 器械, 装置, 应用(kitchen appliance /厨房用具; an office appliance/办公用具)

　　Application n. 应用，申请(the application of science to industry/在工业上对科学的应用; applications software/应用软件);

　　apply v. 申请, 应用, 适合, 敷 (apply a theory to practice/把理论应用于实践; ;apply for申请, 请求)

　　appoint v. 委派，任命, 指定，约定(时间、地点等)

　　appointment n. 任命, 约定 (have an appointment with sb. 和某人有约会。 keep [break] one's appointment 守[违]约)

　　appreciate vt. 赏识, 重视; 感谢, 抬高...的价格(appreciate one's kindness./多谢厚意)

　　approach vt.接近, 动手处理n. 走近, 方法, 步骤

　　appropriate adj. 正确的;适当的(be appropriate for ../ 适合)

　　approval n. 赞成, 赞许, 批准

　　approve v.批准, 批准, (常与of连用)赞成，赞同(approve of../准许..; approve the plans/批准计划)

　　April n. 四月(April Fools' Day/愚人节(四月一日);

　　(B) apt adj. .易于…的，有…倾向的 (He is apt to succeed. 他很可能成功)

　　(A) aptitude n. 天资;才能 (have an aptitude for 有…的才能)

　　architecture n. 建筑, 建筑学

　　area n. 范围, 区域

　　argue v. 辩论, 争论(argue for [against] a proposal/辩论赞成[反对]某项建议)

　　argument n.争论, 辩论, 论据, 论点, ～ (for, against)支持..，反对..

　　arise v. 起来, 升起, 兴起, 出现, 发生, 造成(from) (arise from [out of]/由...而引起)

　　arm n. 臂, 支架〔pl.〕 军械，武器 (the right arm 右臂)

　　army n. 陆军, 军队, 大群(an army of workers /劳动者大军)

　　around adv. 环绕, 在周围, 四周, 在附近 prep. 在…的周围, 环绕, 大约, 左右(around 20 people /大约20人; hang around/在附近徘徊)

　　arouse v. 叫醒, 唤起, 激励(arouse sb.'s enthusiasm/激起某人的积极性)

　　arrange v. 排列, 分类, 整理 (arrange books on the shelves/把书架上的书整理好)

　　arrest n. /v.逮捕

　　arrival n. 到达, 到来

　　arrive v. 到达, 来到(in, at), 得出(at)(arrive at../获得(结果);达到(目的); arrive at a decision 达成决议)

　　art n. 美术, 艺术 (pl.)人文学科

　　artist n. 艺术家, 美术家

　　单词学习：

　　学习中需要注意近义词多的词：

　　e.g. apparent(明显的，显而易见的，外观上的): evident(明白的，明显的), clear(清楚的， 明白的), obvious(显而易见的)

　　e.g. appreciate(重视; 感谢, 抬高...的价格): acknowledge (感谢)

　　Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply appreciated/acknowledged. (CET-4, 1996,6 EMBA, 2001)

　　学习中需要注意具有特殊搭配的词：

　　e.g. approach(走近, 方法, 步骤):

　　The traditional approach to dealing with complex problem is to break them down into smaller problems. (CET-4, 1996,6)

　　学习中需要注意有多词在拼写形式上相近的词：

　　e.g. arise (出现;发生， (人早上)起床， 产生于，起因于，出身于 ( arise from, arise out of): rise(上升，升起;(日等)现出), raise(抬起，举起(重物等);升(旗等)，增高(温度);提高(声音)，筹(款等)

　　练习：

　　1.Choose the best answer：(选自职称英语考试指定用书)

　　(cultural Differences 难度B，C级)

　　Many travelers find _1__ easier to meet people in the U.S. than in other countries. They may just come up and introduce themselves or even invite you over __2_ they really know you.

　　1. A. this B.it C.them D./

　　2. A. when B.if C.after D. before

　　(Canned Foods: Convenience and Nutrition 难度B，C级)

　　Fruit and vegetable canning is as simple _1__ when your grandmother "put up "tomatoes and other things from the garden. Fresh produce is taken from the field at just the right time, delivered to the cannery, checked, sealed and sterilized. All this generally happens in less __2_ 24 hours for the best quality and nutritional values without the need for any preservatives.

　　1. A. as B.than C.to D.same

　　2. A. to B.than C.about D. around

　　(Public and Private Schools in the United States 难度B，C级)

　　Americans offer __1_ great variety of reasons for doing so, including the desire of some parents to bring their children to schools..

　　1. A. a B.the C.some D./

　　2.Put in "the" or "a (an)" if necessary:

　　1. Do you know ___ time? Yes, ___ clock in ___ hall has just struck nine.

　　2. ___ youngest boy has just started going to ___ school; ___ eldest boy is at ___ school.

　　3. ___ first computer in ___ world was a lot bigger than ___ abacus or ___ adding machine.

　　3.What do the three "it" refer to?/下面三个“it”分别指代什么?

　　(Dyslexia 难度B，C级)

　　However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby's body long before it is born.

　　4.Fill in each blank with the best answer from the four given choices/从每个选项下所给出的四个被选项中选择一个最佳答案。(B/C级)

　　The development of Rubber(橡胶)

　　Here is the story of rubber. From the earliest time it was common knowledge to the Peruvians(秘鲁人) that when a cut was made in the outside skin of a rubber tree, a white liquid (液体) ___(2) milk came out(流出), and that ___(3) this a sticky (粘的) mass (块) of rubber might be made. This rubber is soft when warm, so that it is possible to give it any ___(4). The Peruvians made the ___(5) that it was very good for keeping out wet. Then in the early 1800's, the Americans made use of it for the first time. First they made overshoes (套鞋)to ___(6)their feet dry. Then came a certain Mr. Mackintosh, who made coats of cloth covered with natural rubber. From that day to this we have been coating cloth with (coat… ..with在。。上面覆盖上一层。。) rubber as Mr. Mackintosh ___(7), and our raincoats are still named after him.(name A after B/根据B来命名A)

　　But these first rubber overshoes and raincoats were all soft and sticky in summer, and ___(8)and inelastic(无弹性的) in the winter when it was cold. But the rubber we have today is soft and elastic (有弹性的), ___(9) very strong -- even in the warmest summer and the coldest winter. This was made ___(10) by a man called Goodyear. After many ___(11), he found that nitric acid (硝酸) made the rubber much better, but it is not hard and strong enough. Then a strange thing took ___(12). A friend of his, Nicholas Hayward, had the idea in this sleep that rubber might be made hard and strong if fixed with sulfur (硫磺)(if fixed with sulfur/如果用硫磺进行加固) and put in the sun. Goodyear put this idea ___(13) the test, and saw that it did have more or less the desired (所希望的)effect -- though somewhat less than more. The only effect it had was on the outside of the rubber. It is common knowledge(common knowledge：常识) now that the ___(14) to make rubber hard and strong is by heating it with sulfur. It took Goodyear four more years to find this method. When at last he did it, he had ___(15) at all. Everything of the smallest value had been used to get money, even his sons' school-books,

　　1. A)for B)to C) about D)with

　　2. A) like B)alike C)resembled D)similar

　　3. A) on B)from C)up D)in

　　4. A)use B)heat C)pressure D)form

　　5. A)creation B)invention C)discovery D)recognition

　　6. A)retain B)keep ```` C)hold D)set

　　7. A)did B)built C)tried D)conducted

　　8. A)weak B)gentle C)hard D)strong

　　9. A)or B)however C)though D)even

　　10. A)capable B)probable C)practical D)possible

　　11. A)experiments B)checks C)discoveries D)works

　　12. A)form B)place C)shape D)size

　　13. A) on B)to `` C)in ``` D)with

　　14. A) system B)style C)way D)direction

　　15. A) everything B)anything C)nothing D)something

　　参考答案：

　　1.Choose the best answer：(选自职称英语考试指定用书)

　　(cultural Differences 难度B，C级)

　　答案1。B; 2。D;

　　(Canned Foods: Convenience and Nutrition 难度B，C级)

　　答案1。A; 2。B;

　　(Canned Foods: Convenience and Nutrition 难度B，C级)

　　答案1。A;

　　2.Put in "the" or "a (an)" if necessary:

　　the, the, the, the, /, then , /, the, the, an, an

　　3.What do the three "it" refer to?/下面三个“it”分别指代什么?

　　(Dyslexia 难度B，C级)

　　it1: dyslexia

　　it2: dyslexia

　　it3: baby

　　4.Fill in each blank with the best answer from the four given choices/从每个选项下所给出的四个被选项中选择一个最佳答案。(B/C级)

　　1.B.解题思路：被选项是介词时关注空格前后与之搭配的结构 --往往是其前面的动词，名词，形容词和其后面所带的宾语。该空格后是某种人(秘鲁人)作宾语，再结合句意判断B。

　　2.A.解题思路: 关注被选项中的“关系项”。首先重点关注A和B。再借助空格后的搭配结构--带名词作宾语，判断答案为A (象。。一样的)

　　3.B.解题思路：被选项是介词时关注空格前后与之搭配的结构。空格处与被选介词搭配的是动词 made。该句陈述句句的结构是：a sticky mass of rubber might be made (from) this.

　　4.D.借助句意判断答案“(因为软而易)成型”合理。

　　5.C.借助句意判断“发现(橡胶有防雨功能这种现象)”合理。

　　6.B.解题思路：借助与被选动词搭配使用的结构选择答案。keep their feet dry(保持脚干燥)是答案。

　　7.A.解题思路：借助被选动词所在的结构。as Mr. Mackintosh did.是省略句。

　　8.C.借助前文(夏天软)，则“冬天硬”。

　　9.C.解题思路：被选项中出现副词时往往要借助句意选择答案。借助句意(前后对比)选择C。

　　10.D.该题考察近义词的辨析。make sth./it possible是习惯搭配结构

　　11.A.借助句意判断“实验”是答案。

　　work: 劳动;操作;作业;功课;工作;职业(pl.)著作，作品, 工厂;如：Shakespeare's works /莎士比亚著作;a gas works /煤气厂

　　常见短语：at work; out of work; hard work; in the works

　　12.B.解题思路：借助习惯搭配。take place是“发生”。take shape 是“成形, 形成, 具体化”，在借助句意判断答案。

　　13.B.解题思路：借助与被选项介词搭配的结构。

　　put to the test/使受试验

　　put to use/使用, 利用

　　14.C.解题思路：借助与被选项名词搭配使用的不定式结构。只有way带不定式结构作定语。

　　in…direction “在…的方向上”

　　15.C.解题思路：借助“左右结构”。not..at all(一点也不)是固定搭配结构。