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[初中]全新英语语法08-2 并列连词的用法

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2021年12月04日

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连词是用来连接单词、短语、从句或句子的词。连词是一种虚词,在句子中不能独立充当句子成分,只起连接作用。

08-2 并列连词的用法

1.并列连词and和or的用法

(1)and 和or 用来连接词性、结构完全相同的两个部分,and 意为“和,以及,而且”;or 意为“和,或者,还是”。如:

Tom and Mary are singing and dancing at the party.汤姆和玛丽正在晚会上唱歌跳舞。(连接两个名词和现在分词)

It is possible for a clever and capable student to get the highest education in England.在英国,一个聪明有才能的学生能够受到最高等的教育。(连接两个形容词)

Most diseases will be cured by breathing fresh air and eating nutritious food.大多数疾病都能通过呼吸新鲜空气以及吃有营养的食物治愈。(连接两个动名词)

Mike says that he loves his job and that he will devote his life to it.麦克说他非常喜欢他的工作并愿意为之奋斗终生。(连接两个从句)

Do you go to school on foot or by bike?你上学步行还是骑自行车?

注意:

三个或三个以上的并列成分,只在最后一并列成分前加and,其他的后面加逗点表示并列关系。如:Sam enjoys tennis,golf and baseball.萨姆喜欢网球、高尔夫球和棒球。

(2)祈使句+and+陈述句,祈使句具有条件句的作用,and后的句子通常用一般将来时态。如:

Go straight on,and you will see the library.一直往前走,你就会看到那个图书馆。

If you go straight on,you will see the library.如果你一直往前走,你就会看到那个图书馆。

注意:

“祈使句+or+陈述句”,祈使句表示否定的条件句,or意为“否则,不然的话”。如:Work hard or you will fail in the exam.努力学习,否则你就会考试不及格

=If you don't work hard,you will fail in the exam.如果你不努力的话,考试会不及格的。

(3)and 与or 使用4注意

①and 连接两个或两个以上的人,作主语时,其谓语动词要用复数形式。而or 连接的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数由最靠近它的那个名词或代词来决定。如:

Tom and Jack are going to the cinema.汤姆和杰克要去看电影。

Professor Wang or I am to go to your school.王教授或是我将要去你们学校。

②在否定句中,并列成分的列举通常用or ,构成完全否定,意为“也不”。如:

The elephant isn't like a wall,or a spear,or a snake,or a tree;neither is it like a fan.这头大象既不像一堵墙,也不像一支梭镖、一条蛇、一棵树,更不像一把扇子。

注意:

在含有两个否定词的否定句中,并列的两部分用and 连接而不用or。如:

There is no air and no water on the moon.月球上没有空气没有水。

There is no air or water in the moon.月球上没有空气没有水。

③主语用and 连接,谓语是否定式时构成完全否定。如:

Tom and Mary cannot speak Chinese.汤姆和玛丽不会说汉语。

④在否定句中,without之后的列举部分用and 连接,构成完全否定,而在肯定句中without之后的列举部分要用or 连接才能构成完全否定。如:

Men can't live without air and water.That is to say,men will die without air or water.没有空气和水,人就不能活,也就是说,没有空气和水人就会死。

2.并列连词but的用法

(1)but 用来表示转折,意为“但是”。如:

It is hot in summer here,but it is not cold in winter.这里夏天热,但冬天不冷。

Our purpose is not to do it for you but to teach you to do it by yourself.我们的目的不是替你做这事,而是教会你自己来做。

注意:

but不能和although或though连用表示“虽然……但是……”,英语表示“虽然……但是……”时,只用其一。如:She looks very young,but she is already in her 30's.=Although she looks very young,she is already in her 30's.她虽然看上去很年轻,可是她已三十多岁了。

3.as well as的用法

as well as 表示“和;与;不但……而且;既是……也是;而且;还”。用来连接名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、句子、动名词等。如:

She shares (in)my troubles as well as my joys.她与我同甘共苦。

He grows flowers as well as vegetables.他既种菜也种花。

They have a flat in town as well as a place in the country.他们在城里有一套公寓,在乡村还有一所房子。

Humans will suffer as well as animals if the rain doesn't come.如果不下雨的话,人和动物都将遭难。

The child is lively as well as healthy.孩子既健康又活泼。

We need air when we are asleep as well as when we are awake.我们不仅在醒着的时候需要空气,在睡着的时候也需要空气。

She sings as well as plays the piano.她不但会弹钢琴,而且会唱歌。

注意:

当 as well as 连接两个成分作主语时,其后的谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。如:

Tom as well as his parents is going to London.汤姆和他的父母要去伦敦。

4.both ...and ...的用法

both ...and ... 意为“……和……两个都;既……又……”,用来连接两个并列的词语或句子,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如:

Both Tom and Jim are my good friends.汤姆和吉姆都是我的好朋友。

The girl can speak both Chinese and English.那个女孩既会说汉语,又会说英语。

注意:

both ...and ...的对应词组是neither ...nor ...意为“既不,也不;两者都不”,neither ...nor ...连接两个部分作主语时,谓语动词要根据nor后的名词确定单复数。

Neither Sam nor Tom has a bike.萨姆和汤姆两个都没有自行车。

5.not only ...but also ...的用法

(1)not only ...but also ... 连接两个并列的单词、短语或句子,意为“不但……而且……”。如:Not only you but also I am wrong.不但你错了,而且我也错了。(连接并列主语)

Success depends not only on talent but also on effort.成功不但靠天分,而且要靠努力。(连接并列宾语)

注意:

not only ...but also ...如果连接的是两个主语,则谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。

Not only you but also Mr.Zhang teaches in this school.不但你,而且张老师也在这个学校教。

Not only men but also women were chosen.选中的不仅有男的也有女的。

(2)not only ...but also ... 连接两个分句时,常常为了强调可以将not only 置于句首,这时它引导的分句应倒装。如:

Not only did he make a promise,but also he kept it.他不但许下了诺言,而且做到了。

Not only is he dependable,but also he is trustworthy.他不但可靠而且值得信赖。

注意:

not only ...but also ...在口语和非正式文体中,but可以省略,有时also也省略。如:He is famous not only in China but in the whole world.他不仅闻名中国,而且闻名全球。(省略also)

This book is not only good,it is also cheap.这本书不只是好,而且便宜。(省略but)

6.neither ...nor ...的用法

neither ...nor ... 用来连接两个语法对等的并列成分,如主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等,也可以连接两个句子,意为“既不……也不……;……两者都不”。如:

He plays neither basketball nor football on Sunday.他在星期天既不打篮球也不踢足球。

He neither speaks French nor understands it.他既不会说法语,也听不懂法语。

注意:

neither ...nor ...连接的两个成分作主语时,其谓语与靠近的一个保持一致。如:

Neither Jim nor Jack was at home.吉姆和杰克都不在家。

7.either ...or ...的用法

either ...or ... 用来连接两个相同的句子成分,表示选择关系,意为“或者……或者……;不是……就是……”。如:

You must come either on Monday or on Tuesday;I am too busy to see you my other days.你必须在周一或周二来,其他的日子我太忙不能见你。

注意:

either ...or ...连接的两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词要根据or后的名词来确定单复数。如:

Either you or I am wrong.不是你错,就是我错了。


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