[初中]全新英语语法15-5 宾语从句的简化

用一个句子作宾语，这个句子就是宾语从句。宾语从句的三大考点是时态、语序和引导词。

15-5 宾语从句的简化

宾语从句在许多情况下可以简化为动词不定式的形式而所表达的意思不变，这种由较复杂的宾语从句转化为简单句的过程称为宾语从句的简化。宾语从句的简化主要有以下几种情况。

1.由宾语从句简化为动词不定式

当主句的谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。如：

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.李明希望他很快回来。

→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.李明希望很快回来。

We decided that we would help him.我们决定来帮助他。

→We decided to help him.我们决定帮助他。

2.由宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构

当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等动词，从句由特殊疑问词引导，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：

She has forgotten how she can open the window.她已忘记她怎样才能打开窗子。

→She has forgotten how to open the window.她已忘记怎样打开窗子。

注意：

当主句谓语动词是tell，ask，show，teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致，而且从句由特殊疑问词引导时，宾语从句也可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station？你能告诉我怎样到达火车站吗？

→Could you tell me how to get to the station？你能告诉我怎样到达火车站吗？

3.由宾语从句简化为“动词+sb.to do”结构

当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要），ask（要求），advise（建议）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。如：

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.校长命令我们马上开始。

→The headmaster ordered us to start at once.校长命令我们马上开始。

4.由宾语从句简化为“动词+介词＋动名词”形式

某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。如：

He insisted that he should go with us.他坚持与我们一起去。

→He insisted on going with us.他坚持与我们一起去。

5.由宾语从句简化为“宾语+V-ing（宾语补足语）”结构

某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。如：

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.刘萍发现有个钱包在地上。

→Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.刘萍发现地上有一个钱包。

6.其他宾语从句简化句型

还有一些动词由复合句变为简单句时，其句型需要进行适当的变化。如：

（1）It seemed that+从句变为：It seemed to do句型。如：

It seemed that the boys were going to win.看起来好像男孩子要赢。

→The boys seemed to win.男孩子似乎要赢。

（2）...find that it is+形容词+to do sth.变为：...find it+形容词+to do sth.

I found that it was difficult to learn English well.我发现学好英语很难。

→I found it difficult to learn English well.我发现学好英语很难。

（3）...find that+系表结构变为：...find+名词+形容词（作宾补）。如：

Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.很快我们发现地面被厚厚的雪覆盖。

→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.很快我们发现地面被厚厚的雪覆盖。

They found that the box was very heavy.他们发现箱子很重。

→They found the box very heavy.他们发现箱子很重。

【中考速递】

1.[北京中考考题] — Can you tell me _____？

— He lives in Shanghai.

A.where Mark lives B.where does Mark live

C.where Mark lived D.where did Mark live

2.[安徽中考考题] — Look at the stone bridge！Do you know _____ it was built？

— In the 1860s.It is quite old.

A.when B.how C.where D.why

3.[甘肃兰州中考考题] What a lovely toy race car！Could you tell me _____？

A.why did you get it B.when will you get it

C.where you got it D.how will you get it

4.[江苏南京中考考题] — Are you going camping this afternoon？

— A typhoon is coming.I'm not sure _____ the road to the mountains will be closed.

A.which B.what C.whether D.why

5.[湖北武汉中考考题] — What did the teacher say to you？

— He asked me _____.

A.why I look unhappy then B.when did I go home last night

C.how could I solve the problem D.if I had got everything ready

6.[山东烟台中考考题] Yesterday the teacher told us the earth _____ the sun.

A.goes around B.went around

C.is going around D.would go around

7.[广东汕尾中考考题] I don't think the newly directed film by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say，_____.

A.do I B.don't I C.is it D.isn't it

8.[吉林长春中考考题] — Could you tell me _____ every morning？

— Sure.I have to catch the school bus.

A.why you get up early B.why do you get up early

C.why did you get up early D.why you got up early

【答案点拨】

1.答案：A 句意：“你能告诉我马克住哪吗？”“他住在上海。”由问句“can you tell me”可知其后是一个宾语从句，要用陈述语序；由答句“he lives”可知从句用一般现在时。故选 A。

2.答案：A 句意：“看这座石头桥！你知道它是什么时候建造的吗？”“在19世纪60年代，它非常古老。”由答语可知上句问的是时间，用when引导宾语从句。故选A。

3.答案：C 句意：多漂亮的玩具赛车啊！你可以告诉我你在哪里买的吗？宾语从句要用陈述句语序，故选C。

4.答案：C 句意：“今天下午，你将去野营吗？”“台风就要来了。我不能确定通往山里的道路是否关闭。”由句中的“不能确定”可知，宾语从句为“是否关闭”。故选C。

5.答案：D 句意：“老师对你说了些什么？”“他问我我是否准备好了一切。”宾语从句疑问句要用陈述句语序，排除B、C选项；由主句asked可知，主句用了过去时，从句也用过去时，故选D。

6.答案：A 句意：昨天老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。在宾语从句中，从句如果描述的是客观真理，那么不管主句是什么时态，从句要用一般现在时。故选A。

7.答案：C 根据句意“我认为由赵薇导演的新电影并没有如人们说的一样有趣？” think后接宾语从句，反意疑问句中的简短问句与宾语从句一致；否定式与主句一致，用肯定式。故选C。

8.答案：A 宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序，排除B、C；Could you tell ...？是一种委婉的表达法，从every morning及答语知，谈话双方说的是现在的事情，宾语从句用一般现在时态。故选A。

【语法专练 体验中考】

1.[重庆考题] — Do you know _____？

— Let me see.I remember it was on March 18th .

A.why did they move here B.why they moved here

C.when did they move here D.when they moved here

2.[山东临沂] — Excuse me，do you know _____ yesterday？

— Sure.It closed at 6：00 p.m.yesterday.

A.when the bookstore closes B.when does the bookstore close

C.when the bookstore closed D.when did the bookstore close

3.[江苏无锡] — Father's Day is coming.Shall we make a card for Dad？

— Good idea！But would you please show me _____ as I know little about DIY？

A.why B.when C.how D.where

4.[四川攀枝花] Could you tell me _____ the beautiful mobile phone？I want to buy one，too.

A.when did you buy B.when you bought

C.where you bought D.where did you buy

5.[天津考题] — Could you tell me _____ you'll go to Paris？

— Next month.

A.why B.where C.when D.how

6.[湖南衡阳]My neighbor asked me _____ I heard the big noise last night or not.

A.whether B.if C.what

7.[湖北黄冈] — I haven't seen your English teacher for a week.Where is he？

— Sorry，I don't know _____.

A.where has he been B.where he has been

C.where has he gone D.where he has gone

8.[广东考题] — I wonder _____.

— It will fall on a Saturday.

A.how will National Day fall on this year

B.how National Day will fall on this year

C.what day will National Day fall on this year

D.what day National Day will fall on this year

9.[湖北恩施] — The movie star，Zhao Yazhi，looks so young.

— So she does.I can't really tell _____ .

A.how old is she B.how old she is

C.how is she old

10.[山东济南] — Li Mei，do you know _____？

— Well，she likes The Voice of China .

A.what TV show does your English teacher like

B.what TV show your English teacher likes

C.what TV show did your English teacher like

D.what TV show your English teacher liked

11.[河南考题] — What did Tom say to you just now，John？

— He asked _____.

A.why I am so happy today

B.what will I do for the weekend

C.who did I play football with after school

D.if I could go to the movie with him tonight

12.[青海考题] — Could you tell me _____ yesterday？

— Because it rained heavily.

A.why you arrived late B.why did you arrive late

C.why you didn't arrive late

13.[海南考题] They solved the problem in the end.Yet I really don't know _____.

A.how did they make it B.how they made it

C.why did they make it

14.[云南考题] — Do you know _____？

— Yes.They're from New York.

A.what do the tourists do B.where the tourists are from

C.what the tourists do D.where are the tourists from

15.[云南昆明] — I am worried about _____.

— Whatever the result is，don't be too hard on yourself.

A.how have I prepared for my final exams

B.if I can get great grades in the final exams

C.that my school team lost the game because of my fault

D.why did my school team lose the game

【答案速递】

1.D 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.B 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.B