[初中]全新英语语法17-10 定语从句与其他从句的区别

用一个句子作定语，这个句子就叫定语从句。定语从句通常紧靠在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句相当于一个形容词，用来修饰名词、代词或句子。

17-10 定语从句与其他从句的区别

1.定语从句与时间语状语从句的区别

当定语从句的引导词与时间状语从句的连接词都是when时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明表示时间的名词，只放在先行词的后面；而时间状语从句说明动作发生的时间，既可以放在主句的前面，也可以放在主句的后面。如：

Do you know the time when the class is over ？你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）

It was already five o'clock when the class was over .当课结束时，已经是五点钟了。

=When the class was over ，it was already five o'clock.当课结束时，已经是五点钟了。（时间状语从句）

2.定语从句与地点状语从句的区别

当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明表示地点的名词；而状语从句说明动作发生的地点，where前没有对应的地点名词或代词。如：

This is the place where we used to live a few years ago .这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。（定语从句）

Let's go where we can find a better job .我们到能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）

3.定语从句与强调句型的区别

定语从句对名词或代词起修饰和限制的作用，关系词可能是that，which，who，whom，whose等；另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而强调句型是对某部分加强语气，而强调语气的连接词只能是that，who，并且句子中的It 没有任何意义；一般比较明显，有时就难以区别，还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。如：

It is a book that he wants.

它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句，需要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What is this/that？这样的问题，意思是：它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What does he want？这样的问题，那么意思就是：他想要的是一本书。显然，句子是强调句型。

4.定语从句与结果状语从句的区别

定语从句中的关系词在从句中还要作某种成分，因而从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词不作句子任何成分，因此句子成分是完整的。如：

It is such an interesting book as we all like .它是一本有趣的书，我们都喜欢。（定语从句）

It is such an interesting book that we all like it .它是一本如此有趣的书，大家都喜欢它。（结果状语从句）

比较：It is such an interesting book that we all like.强调句型。意思是：我们都喜欢的是一本如此有趣的书。

5.限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别

关系副词引导限制性定语从句中的关系词，有跟他们含义相应的先行词；而引导同位语从句时则没有与他们含义相应的先行词。如：

Sorry，I've forgot the day when we met for the first time .抱歉，我记不起我们第一次见面的日子了。（定语从句，先行词the day与when含义相应）

I've no idea when we met for the first time.我不知道我们第一次是什么时候见面的。（同位语从句，idea与when没有任何联系）

6.定语从句与独立主格结构的区别

定语从句一般有关系词、主谓结构完整；而独立主格结构没有关系词，也没有谓语动词。如：

The book being very interesting，we all like it. 由于这本书有趣，我们大家都喜欢它。

The book which/that is very interesting was published last year.这本有趣的书是去年出版的。

【中考速递】

1.[四川成都中考考题] The woman _____ is singing on the TV show is our English teacher.

A.who B.which C.whose

2.[湖北黄冈中考考题] — I really want to relax myself.Could we see City Danger tonight？

— Sure！The actor _____ a hero used to be a school teacher.I like him very much.

A.who play B.which plays

C.who plays D.that play

3.[湖北鄂州中考考题] — Who won the first prize in the English speech contest？

— The prize went to the girl _____ speech was the most natural and fluent.

A.that B.who C.whose D.不填

4.[山西中考考题] The earth is the planet _____ provides us with everything we need，fresh air，clean water and so on.It's our duty to protect it.

A.who B.that C.where

5.[湖北黄石中考考题] Xiandao Lake in Yangxin is the famous place _____ we'll visit next week.

A.that B.who C.where D.whom

6.[吉林中考考题] — You look smart in the T-shirt _____ your daughter bought for you.

— Thanks a lot.

A.which B.who C.whom

【答案点拨】

1.答案：A 句意：在电视节目上唱歌的那位女士是我们的英语老师。由空格前的woman可知先行词指人，而且在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选A。

2.答案：C 句意：“我真想放松一下。我们今晚可以《冒险城市》吗？”“当然可以！剧里演英雄的那个演员以前是位学校老师。我很喜欢他。”定语从句中，当先行词是人时，引导词用who或that；从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。故选C。

3.答案：C 句意：“谁获得了英语演讲比赛的第一名？”“一个女孩获得了这个奖项，她的演讲是最自然、最流利的。”根据句意可知此处用表示“某人的”关系词whose而不是who。故选C。

4.答案：B 句意：地球这颗星球，提供我们需要的一切，新鲜的空气、干净的水等。保护它是我们的责任。空白处前的先行词planet是表示物的名词，用which或that引导定语从句，故选B。

5.答案：A 句意：阳新仙岛湖是我们下周要游览的一个著名景点。先行词the famous place指物，且关系词在定语从句中作visit的宾语，故选A。

6.答案：A 句意：“你穿着女儿给你买的这件T恤衫看上去很好。”“谢谢。”由句意可知这里考查定语从句，先行词T-shirt指物，用which引导定语从句，故选A。

【语法专练 体验中考】

1.[甘肃兰州] This is one of the most interesting cities _____ I have ever visited.

A.who B.that C.which D.where

2.[湖南长沙] — What are you doing，Tim？

— I am listening to the song Long Live _____ makes me feel excited.

A.which B.who C./

3.[江苏淮安] — Have you found the information about famous scientists _____ you can use for the report？

— Not yet.I'll search for some on the Internet.

A.where B.which C.what D.who

4.[河南考题] Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience _____ people cannot get at home.

A.that B.who C.whom D.what

5.[青海考题] QQ is a tool _____ is mainly used for people to talk to others online.

A.which B.who C.where

6.[吉林长春] Mr.Chen is a teacher _____ I want to learn from.He is so knowledgeable.

A.which B.when C.who D.what

7.[福建厦门] — I'd like to read some Chinese classics.Any suggestion？

— Journey to the West .It's a book _____ is about Monkey King.

A.what B.who C.that

8.[湖北荆州] — Do you know the heroic girl，Tu Youyou？

— Yes，she is the first Chinese _____ won a Nobel prize in science.

A.who have B.that have C.which has D.who has

9.[广西来宾] The students love the teachers _____ can make their lessons fun.

A.whom B.who C.whose D.which

10.[甘肃天水] My grandparents still live in that old village _____ the local government has decided to keep.

A.which B.where C.when D.what

11.[湖北十堰]Shiyan is one of the best places _____ people would like to visit.

A.that B.which C.where D.who

12.[湖北随州] The policemen have caught the thief _____ stole Mr.Li's wallet.

A.whose B.who C.whom D.which

13.[湖南株洲] The watch _____ you gave me keeps perfect time.

A.who B.what C.that

14.[湖南郴州] — Which invention do you like best？

— QQ.It is an invention _____ can help us communicate with others online freely.

A.what B.that C.who

15.[四川绵阳] I prefer movies _____ me something to think about.

A.which gives B.that gives C.that give D.who give

【答案速递】

1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.C