[高中]全新语法:动词时态的用法 七、过去完成时

七、过去完成时

1.基本用法

（1）表示在过去某时或过去另一动作之前所完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。

She had learned English before she came to England.她在来英国以前已学过英文了。

I went there at the time agreed upon，but they had already disappeared.

我在约好的时间去那里，但是他们早已散去了。

I asked him if he had ever seen a whale blowing.我问他是否看过鲸喷水。

（2）表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间，并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常与by或before引导的时间状语连用。

We hadn’t seen each other before we left Paris.离开巴黎之前我们一直没见过面。

We had learnt fifteen lessons by last week.到上周为止，我们学完了十五篇课文。

2.常与过去完成时连用的时间状语

by the end of last week 到上周末为止　　　by that time 到那时为止

before that year 那年之前　　　　　　　　 before I did ...在我……之前

when I did ...在我……时

3.过去完成时的常用句式

（1）“had done+to do”或“did+to have done”，表示未曾实现的过去的愿望。

常用动词：expect hope imagine intend mean plan suppose think

　　　　　want wish

I had hoped to pass the examination.我曾希望能通过考试。（实际未通过）

I hoped to have passed the examination.

He had wanted to buy a house in Beijing.他本想在北京买栋房子。（实际没买）

He wanted to have bought a house in Beijing.

I had meant to come，but something happened.

我本想来，但有事就没有来。（实际没来）

I meant to have come,but something happened.

We had thought to return early.我们本想早回来的。（实际没回来）

we thought to have returned early.

I had intended to call on you.我本来打算去拜访你的，但没办法。（实际上没有拜访）

I intended to have called on you,but in vain.

（2）it/this was the first time that ...had done ...，意为“这是某人第一次……”。

This was the first time he had ever been late.这是他第一次迟到。

It was the first time that he had left hometown.这是他第一次离开故乡。

（3）no sooner ...than，hardly ...when （before），scarcely ...when （before）

He had hardly arrived when it began to snow.他一到，天就下起雪来了。

I had scarcely left the house when it began to rain.我刚离开家，天就开始下雨。

We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke.我们刚出发就遇到了大雷雨。

【提示】 当no sooner/scarcely/hardly用在句首时语序用倒装，主句要用过去完成时。

Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.

Scarcely had I left the house when it began to rain.

No sooner had we set out than a thunderstorm broke.

（4）By the time+从句+did ...，主语+had done ...

By the time we arrived，everyone had received medical care.

我们到达时，每个人都已接受了医疗护理。

By the time the flood came，most of the inhabitants had left their homes.

洪水到来前，大部分居民已离开他们的家园。

（5）It was+一段时间+since+had done....

It was ten years since we had enjoyed ourselves.十年我们都没这么高兴了。

It was over a year now since he had seen her.他上次见她以来已经一年多了。