[高中]全新语法:非谓语动词作定语的区别

四、非谓语动词作定语的区别

1.作前置定语

（1）现在分词具有主动、进行的意义，而过去分词则具有被动、完成的意义。

a developing country=a country which is developing 发展中国家

a developed country=a country which has developed 发达国家

boiling water=water which is boiling 正在沸腾的水

boiled water=water which has boiled 已开过的水

（2）现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作，动名词作定语表示所修饰的名词的用途。

a sleeping car=a car for sleeping 卧铺车厢

a sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping 正在睡觉的男孩

2.作后置定语

（1）时间上的区别

The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.

the problem which is to be discussed at the meeting is very important.

将要在会上讨论的问题很重要。（to be discussed 将要讨论）

The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.

the problem which was discussed at the meeting is very important.

会上讨论过的问题很重要。（discussed 已经讨论）

The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.

the problem which is being discussed at the meeting is very important.

正在会上讨论的问题很重要。（being discussed 正在讨论）

（2）不定式只能作后置定语

Li Xuemei was the first athlete to get to the finishing line.

李雪梅是第一个到达终点的选手。

He has a lot of work to do today.今天他有大量的活要干。

There is nothing for us to worry about.没有什么可值得我们担忧的。