[高中]全新语法:关系词的用法 一、关系代词的用法
一、关系代词的用法
1.who
（1）作主语
He is the man who wants to see you.他就是想要见你的那个人。
Success will come to him who is honest and diligent.成功将归于诚实而勤奋的人。
（2）作宾语
This is the boy （who）he met yesterday.这个男孩就是他昨天遇见的那个。
In Berlin，he first met the woman （who）he married later.
在柏林，他第一次遇见后来和他结婚的那个女人。
She is the girl who I went there with.她就是和我一起去那儿的女孩。
【提示】 在非正式文体中who可以代替whom；作宾语时，也可以省略。
2.whom
（1）作及物动词宾语
He is the man （whom）I saw in the park yesterday.
他就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人。
The author （whom）you criticized in your view has written a letter in reply.
你在评论中批评的那个作者写了一封回信。
（2）作介词宾语
The person to whom I complained is the manager.我向经理投诉。
This is the boy with whom he worked.这就是和他一起工作的男孩。
【提示】 whom作宾语时可以省略，但在介词后不能省略，也不能用who。
3.whose
（1）作定语
The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr Williams.
他女儿教你英语的那位教授是威廉斯博士。
They rushed over to help the man whose leg was broken.
那人的腿断了，他们跑过去帮忙。
（2）指人时可以同of whom互换，若指物时可以同of which 互换。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.
They ran to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，他们跑去帮忙。
They ran to help the man of whom the car had broken down.
【比较】 我买了一本书，作者是位著名的科学家。
①I bought a book whose author was a famous scientist.
②I bought a book of which the author was a famous scientist.
③I bought a book the author of which was a famous scientist.
4.which
（1）作主语
The factory which produces cars is over there.生产汽车的那家工厂就在那边。
They needed a plant which didn’t need as much water as rice.
他们需要一种不像水稻那么需要水的作物。
（2）作宾语
The fish （which）they sell are not fresh.他们卖的鱼不新鲜。
The farm （which）we visited yesterday is located in the suburb.
我们昨天参观的农场位于郊区。
【提示】 which作宾语时可以省略。
（3）which引导非限制性定语从句时，可以修饰它前面的整个主句，相当于and this。
Jim passed his driving test，which surprised everybody.
吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。
Sheila couldn’t come to the party，which was a pity.希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。
They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honour to them.
他们被请去赴国宴，这对他们来说是极大光荣。
5.that
（1）作主语，可指人指物。
It’s a question that needs careful consideration.这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（指物）
Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree？
树下在看杂志的那个人是谁？（指人）
（2）作宾语，可指人指物。
The girl （that）we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister.
我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。（指人）
The pieces of music （that）he wrote are symphonies.
他写的那些乐谱都是交响乐曲。（指物）
【提示】 that作宾语时可以省略。
6.as
（1）用于限制性定语从句中，as 多和such/the same连用。
Such people as were recommended by him were professors of the university.
他推荐的这些人都是大学的教授。
He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.
他给我讲了他的经历，我从来没有过的经历。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here.我想使用和这里用的一样的工具。
（2）用于非限制性定语从句中，修饰整个主句。
As we all know，the earth is round.众所周知，地球是圆的。
