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[高中]全新语法:省略 五、功能词的省略

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2021年12月05日

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五、功能词的省略

1.关系词的省略

(1)whom,which,that 在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。

The boy (whom)you saw in the street was my classmate.

你在街上看见的男孩是我的同学。

The bottle (that/which)you put on the table was broken.你放在桌上的瓶子破了。

(2)先行词way后的定语从句中常省略关系词。

I don’t like the way (in which/that)you do things.我不喜欢你做事的方式。

2.宾语从句后的连词that 常省略

I think (that)it will be fine this afternoon.我想今天下午一切都会好的。

3.虚拟语气中的省略

(1)条件句中可省略if,把助动词 had,should,were 提到句首。

Were I you,I would do it at once.假若我是你,我就会马上做。

Had he seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.

他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。

Should he fail,he would kill himself.万一失败,他就会自杀。

Were you to drop the glass,it would break.万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。

(2)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句中可省略should。

【比较】 我们建议他去看医生。

①It is suggested that he (should)go to see a doctor.(主语从句)

②Our suggestion is that he (should)go to see a doctor.(表语从句)

③We raised the suggestion that he (should)go to see a doctor.(同位语从句)

④ We suggested that he (should)go to see a doctor.(宾语从句)

4.介词的省略

(1)“for+若干时间或距离”短语中可省略for。

The rain lasted (for)a whole afternoon.雨下了整整一下午。

The desert stretches (for)thousands of miles.这片沙漠绵延数千英里。

【提示】 在否定句中或在句首时,for不可省略。

We haven’t seen each other for a long time.我们很长时间没见面了。

For a whole month,there is no rain.一个月没有下雨。

(2)of的省略

All (of)the students have passed the exam.所有的学生都考及格了。

Both (of)my parents are interested in history.我的父母都对历史感兴趣。

Half (of)the milk had been drunk.有一半牛奶已被喝了。

【提示】 若用于人称代词前,则其中的of不可省略。

All (Both,Half)of us wanted to leave.我们大家(俩,有一半人)都想走。

(3)from的省略

The heavy rain prevented him (from)coming.大雨使他不能来。

If I can stop them (from)going there,I’ll do it.

要是我能够阻止他们去那里,我会那样做的。

If you do it tonight,it will save you (from)having to get up early.

假如今晚做这事,明天早上你就不必早起了。

【提示】 在被动语态中from不能省略;keep ...from doing sth.中from不可省略。

(4)in的省略

Do it (in)this way.这样做。

Let me put it (in)another way.让我用另一种方式解释。

He often spends two hours (in)listening to English.他常常花两个小时听英语。

You should be careful(in)crossing deep forests.从森林穿行时你应特别小心。

We are busy (in)making arrangement for Christmas.我们正忙着准备过圣诞节。

Mr Brown has some difficulty/trouble (in)adjusting to the new climate.

布朗先生不大容易适应新的气候。

We all had a good time(in)playing tennis yesterday.昨天,我们打网球都打得很开心。

I have a hard time (in)paying attention in school.在课堂上,我很难集中注意力。

We must lose no time(in)working out the plan.我们必须抓紧时间制订方案。

It’s no use asking her,she doesn’t know anything.问她毫无用处,她什么都不知道。


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